雌性哺乳动物LH及其受体的研究进展

本文综述了雌性哺乳动物促黄体素及其受体的结构及其在卵泡发育过程中的表达和功能。阐明了促黄体素及其受体在卵泡的生长发育、优势化及排卵等方面的重要功能。     

FSH和FSHR在雌性哺乳动物繁殖中的作用

卵泡刺激素（Follicle Stimulating Hormone,FSH）是一种由垂体分泌的糖蛋白激素。在雌性哺乳动物主要的生理作用是刺激卵泡发育和排卵;卵泡刺激素受体（Follicle Stimulating Hormone,FSHR）是FSH的特异性受体,FSH发挥作用必须由FSHR来介导。FSHR属于G蛋白偶联受体家族中的成员,通过cAMP通路介导FSH的信号转导。二者对提高雌性哺乳动物的产仔数具有重要的作用。     

表皮生长因子在雌性哺乳动物生殖过程中的作用

表皮生长因子 (EGF)是表皮生长因子家族成员之一 ,在哺乳动物生殖过程中具有重要的调节作用。在哺乳动物卵巢内有 EGF的表达并调节卵巢的功能活动 ;EGF可促进哺乳动物卵泡发育 ,加速卵母细胞的成熟 ;EGF可促进卵母细胞受精和受精卵发育的能力 ,促进胚泡腔的形成 ;EGF在许多哺乳动物的子宫内均有表达 ,并参与胚胎着床过程的调节。 EGF可能以自分泌或旁分泌的形式参与卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟、子宫内膜增殖、早期胚胎发育及胚胎着床等过程的调节。文章对 EGF在雌性哺乳动物卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟、早期胚胎发育、囊胚腔扩展、胚胎着床等过程中的作用进行了概述     

哺乳动物雌性生殖系统β-防御素的研究进展

β-防御素(beta-defensian,BD)在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统中广泛表达,在免疫、预防生殖道感染及胎儿正常发育等方面起到重要作用。主要对哺乳动物β-防御素在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统组织中的分布、作用及其调控进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期更好地揭示β-防御素在雌性生殖系统中的影响,从而为β-防御素的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

防御素在雌性哺乳动物生殖系统中的分布和功能研究进展

防御素(defensin)作为抗菌肽的主要家族,在哺乳动物体内广泛分布,主要表达于中性粒细胞和上皮细胞,具有广谱的抗菌活性和多方面免疫调节功能.近年来,发现防御素广泛在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统中表达,发挥抑菌抗炎的作用,预防微生物对子宫或生殖道等的感染,从而维持雌性生殖系统的环境稳定,同时参与动物生殖.论文结合已有的研究成...     

瘦素（leptin）与雌性哺乳动物的繁殖活动关系的研究进展

随着对瘦素研究的不断深入,发现其不仅参与食物摄入和能量平衡,而且对雌性哺乳动物的繁殖活动也发挥着重要的调节作用。本文主要就瘦素对母畜初情期的启动、发情、早期胚胎发育、受精卵的着床、妊娠的维持、胎儿的生长发育、乳腺发育和乳汁分泌等繁殖活动的影响进行综述。     

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体在雌性动物繁殖上的研究进展

血管内皮因子(VEGF)是一种由各种正常细胞和肿瘤细胞合成和分泌的一种糖蛋白。VEGF家族包括VEGF-A,VEGF-B,VEGF-C,VEGF-D,PGF 5个成员,VEGF有3种受体,即:Flt-1,Flt-4,Flk-1/KDR。VEGF与受体结合具有促进血管内皮细胞的增生和提高血管通透性的作用。VEGF及其受体在雌性动物卵巢上的卵泡、黄体正常发育与维持,子宫内膜的周期性变化及胚胎发育与附植等方面均具有重要作用。     

哺乳动物雌性生殖系统β-防御素的研究进展

β-防御素（beta-defensian,BD）在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统中广泛表达,在免疫、预防生殖道感染及胎儿正常发育等方面起到重要作用。主要对哺乳动物β-防御素在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统组织中的分布、作用及其调控进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期更好地揭示β-防御素在雌性生殖系统中的影响,从而为β-防御素的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

骨形态发生蛋白及其受体在哺乳动物繁殖中的作用

骨形态发生蛋白(BM P s)属于转化生长因子-β超家族的成员,最初因其能诱导异位骨形成而得名。随着研究的深入,发现BM P s的功能不限于骨的发育和形成,而是涉及几乎全身所有系统,包括调节哺乳动物生长、细胞分化和细胞凋亡,而且越来越多的研究结果表明,BM P系统在调节雌性和雄性哺乳动物的繁殖中具有至关重要的功能。作者简要介绍了BM P s及其受体的结构与作用机制,并具体介绍了几种BM P s在哺乳动物繁殖中的功能。     

催产素受体在雌性山羊颈胸神经节的分布

为探讨催产素(OT)是否可以影响雌性山羊颈胸神经节的活动.采用免疫组化SP法观察催产素受体在雌性山 羊颈胸神经节的分布特点.催产素受体在颈胸神经节分布广泛,节内的神经细胞、卫星细胞和过路纤维均有OTR 免疫阳性产物分布;OTR主要在神经细胞中表达,相对表达量与其他非神经结构相比差异性显著(P＜0.05);在神经 细胞中,OTR免疫阳性产物主要存在于胞膜、胞质、核仁,核膜不着色.雌性山羊颈胸神经节神经元对OT具有反应 性,提示OT可能通过影响颈胸神经节神经元的活动,从而经其发出的交感节后神经这一途径调节其所支配的靶器 官如心血管、汗腺、呼吸等的生理活动.     

FSHR与LHR的研究进展

本文重点论述了FSHR与LHR的结构及在卵母细胞体外成熟过程中的表达和调控,并阐述了FSHR与LHR的研究现状及存在的问题。     

海门山羊FSHR基因外显子10的PCR—SSCP分析

对海门山羊抽样群体FSHR基因的EXON10部分序列进行PCR-SSCP基因型判定,发现两种基因型:HK型和HH型。HK基因型频率为0.925,HH基因型频率为0.075,基因H的频率为0.5375,基因K的频率为0.4625。HK基因型个体数远远高于HH基因型个体数。对不同基因型个体测序,发现第90位有单碱基C→T,HK型个体为C,HH型个体为T。对抽样群体进行统计学分析,发现野生型HK基因型海门山羊产羔数比突变纯合型HH基因型多0.34只(P<0.05),K等位基因与海门山羊产羔数呈显著正相关。     

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during the secondary surge in gilts as influenced by administration of porcine follicular fluid (pFF)

The effect of volume and frequency of administration of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) on FSH concentration was determined in mature gilts during the period of the secondary FSH surge (d 0 to 5; d 0 = onset of estrus) and following withdrawal of pFF (d 5.5 to 9). Crossbred gilts (n = 14) were randomized in a 3 x 2 factorial treatment design involving three doses of pFF (0, 5, or 10 ml) and once- vs twice-daily pFF administration. Porcine FF was aspirated from medium and large follicles and treated with 5 mg of activated charcoal per milliliter of pFF to remove steroids. Once-daily administration of pFF, regardless of dose, failed to suppress mean concentrations of FSH during the secondary FSH surge. Treatment of gilts twice daily with 10 ml of pFF suppressed (P less than .05) area under the FSH curve during the secondary FSH surge compared with gilts given saline. Gilts treated twice daily with 5 ml pFF showed comparable suppression of plasma FSH from d 0 to 3 but began to overcome FSH inhibition after d 3. As a result, FSH release only tended to be lower than controls for the entire treatment period (P less than .1). Mean FSH concentrations were increased (P less than .05) during the post-treatment period (d 5.5 to 9) by treatment with intermediate (5 ml pFF, two times daily and 10 ml pFF, one time daily) and high (10 ml pFF, two times daily) doses of pFF. Neither ovulation rate nor interestrous interval was affected by pFF administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Interaction between melatonin and follicle-stimulating hormone promotes in vitro development of caprine preantral follicles

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the in vitro culture of goat preantral follicles. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 7 d in α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM⁺) containing melatonin (100, 250, 500, or 1,000 pM), FSH (50 ng/mL), or a combination of the 2 hormones and further analyzed by histology and transmission electron and fluorescent microscopy. The results showed that after 7 d of culture, tissues cultured in α-MEM⁺ alone or supplemented with FSH alone, melatonin (500 and 1,000 pM), or the combination of FSH and melatonin (1,000 pM) maintained percentages of normal preantral follicles similar to the fresh control. In contrast to the noncultured tissues, the percentage of developing follicles was increased under all culture conditions after 7 d (P < 0.05). The addition of 1,000 pM melatonin associated with FSH to the culture medium increased follicular and oocyte diameters compared with α-MEM⁺ alone after 7 d of culture (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural and fluorescent analyses confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured with 1,000 pM of melatonin plus FSH for 7 d. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the interaction between melatonin and FSH maintains ultrastructural integrity and stimulates further growth of cultured caprine preantral follicles.     

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the expression of Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, in the bovine granulosa cells

A peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin 1, has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the involvement of Pin 1 during follicular development is not well understood. The aim of this study was first to investigate the expression of Pin 1 mRNA in the granulosa and theca cells of the follicle at different developmental stages of follicles in the bovine ovary, and second, to examine the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) on the expression of Pin 1 in the cultured bovine granulosa cells. Follicles were classified into four groups based on the diameter (dominant follicles >8.5mm in diameter, subordinate follicles <8.5mm in diameter) and the relative levels of E2 and progesterone (P4) (E2:P4>1, estrogen active; E2:P4<1, estrogen inactive): i.e. preovulatory dominant follicles (POFs); E2 active dominant follicles (EADs); E2 inactive dominant follicles (EIDs); small follicles (SFs). The expression of the Pin 1 gene was significantly increased in the granulosa cells of EADs as compared with those of other follicles, whereas its expression in theca cells did not differ among follicles at different developmental stages. The concentration of 5 ng/ml FSH alone and the combination of 1 ng/ml E2 and 5 ng/ml FSH stimulated the expression of the Pin 1 gene in bovine granulosa cells. Our data provide the first evidence that Pin 1 expression in the granulosa cells but not the theca cells changes during follicular development, and that FSH stimulate the expression of the Pin 1 gene. These results suggest that Pin 1 regulates the timing of cell proliferation and may act as an intracellular signal responder in the granulosa cells during bovine follicle development.     

牛FSHR基因5′端侧翼序列的分析和多态性研究

以中国西门塔尔牛基因组DNA为模板，参照绵羊的FSHR基因序列设计和合成引物、PCR扩增获得长度为931bp，包括5′端侧翼797bp和结构基因第一外显子区134bp的牛FSHR基因片段，将该片段克隆于PUC18载体中，作序列分析发现：牛的FSHR基因转录启动子的遗传结构与人和鼠的FSHR基因不同，它的基因转录启动区含有TATA盒和类CAAT盒序列。在检索出的转录调节元件、或特征性序列位点，牛与绵羊在5个序列位点有碱基变异，这可能与牛和绵羊的产仔率高低不同相关，对34头份中国西门塔尔牛的扩增产物，应用PCR－RFLP方法进行多态性分析，TaqⅠ酶切出现了多态性，酶切产物电泳呈现3种基因型，由2种等位基因构成，通过对基因频率和基因型频率在种用公牛，双胎母牛和随机牛类群中分布的比较研究结果，认为该基因与牛的繁殖性状存在连锁相关。     

FSH剂量对绒山羊超数排卵效果的研究

为了探索FSH剂量对辽宁绒山羊的超排效果,对加拿大生产的FSH设计了192mg、208mg、224mg和240mg4个剂量组,对宁渡生产的FSH设计了150IU、160IU、180IU和190IU4个剂量组,进行超数排卵处理。结果表明：加拿大生产的FSH总剂量192mg,平均每只羊回收的总胚胎数量、可用胚胎数量显著或极显著高于其它3个剂量组;宁波生产的FSH总剂量180IU,平均每只羊回收的总胚胎数量显著或极显著高于其它3个剂量组,可用胚胎数量极显著高干另外3个剂量组。     

性腺外FSH受体和LH受体表达研究进展

雌性动物的性腺是卵巢,性腺外的生殖组织器官主要包括:输卵管、子宫颈、子宫肌层等,其中子宫是内分泌器官,除有局部内分泌功能外,还可能对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴有调节作用.促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)的生理功能是通过其FSHR、LHR来介导的,其受体在性腺和性腺外均有表达.本文主要对雌性性腺外生殖组织器官上两种受体的表达加以综述.