IMAGING FINDINGS IN 14 DOMESTIC FERRETS (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO) WITH LYMPHOMA

Lymphoma is the most common malignant neoplasia in domestic ferrets, Mustela putorius furo. However, imaging findings in ferrets with lymphoma have primarily been described in single case reports. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe imaging findings in a group of ferrets with confirmed lymphoma. Medical records were searched between 2002 and 2012. A total of 14 ferrets were included. Radiographs (n = 12), ultrasound (n = 14), computed tomography (CT; n = 1), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 1) images were available for review. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 5.2 years (range 3.25–7.6 years). Clinical signs were predominantly nonspecific (8/14). The time between the first imaging study and lymphoma diagnosis was 1 day or less in most ferrets (12). Imaging lesions were predominantly detected in the abdomen, and most frequently included intra‐abdominal lymphadenopathy (12/14), splenomegaly (8/14), and peritoneal effusion (11/14). Lymphadenopathy and mass lesions were typically hypoechoic on ultrasound. Mild peritoneal effusion was the only detected abnormality in two ferrets. Mild pleural effusion was the most common thoracic abnormality (3/12). Expansile lytic lesions were present in the vertebrae of two ferrets with T3‐L3 myelopathy and the femur in a ferret with lameness. Hyperattenuating, enhancing masses with secondary spinal cord compression were associated with vertebral lysis in CT images of one ferret. The MRI study in one ferret with myelopathy was inconclusive. Findings indicated that imaging characteristics of lymphoma in ferrets are similar to those previously reported in dogs, cats, and humans.     

MESENTERIC HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICANS IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO): A RARE CAUSE OF SOFT TISSUE OSSIFICATION

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal bone production in soft tissue. Very few cases of HO have been reported in animals (e.g., dogs and horses) and this disease process is often a consequence of a traumatic incident. A 5-year-old, male European ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was referred for anorexia, generalized weakness, and weight loss. Clinical examination revealed multiple abdominal masses. An explorative laparotomy identified omental, white/tan, nodular to coalescing hard lesions. The omentum and spleen were surgically removed during the surgical procedure, with both subsequently submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Microscopically, the omental masses were composed of a meshwork of lamellar and woven bone admixed with islands of cartilage and lacunae containing either blood, fat, and/or bone marrow. Multifocal mineralization and bone lamellae were also present in the grossly normal omentum. The finding of multiple bone nodules containing bone marrow and/or adipose tissue, with no Harversian system, and minimal intratrabecular connective tissue favored a diagnosis of HO.     

CLINICAL VALUE OF FRUCTOSAMINE MEASUREMENTS AND FRUCTOSAMINE-ALBUMIN RATIO IN HYPOGLYCEMIC FERRETS (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

The objective of this preliminary study was to establish a reference range for plasma fructosamine concentration and fructosamine-albumin ratio in healthy ferrets and to compare these reference intervals to values obtained from hypoglycemic ferrets. Fructosamine concentration has been shown to reflect blood glucose concentration over the previous 1 to 2 weeks in other animal species, and may be a useful indicator of chronic hypoglycemia in ferrets diagnosed with insulinoma. Plasma fructosamine was measured with an automated colorimetric assay using nitroblue tetrazolium. Thirty-two clinically healthy and 5 hypoglycemic ferrets were included in the study. The reference interval in healthy ferrets for fructosamine was 110 (98 to 123) – 203 (191 to 218) μmol/L, and the reference interval for plasma fructosamine-albumin ratio was 5.1 (4.6 to 5.6) – 8.6 (8.2 to 9.0) μmol/g. Results for hypoglycemic ferrets were within the ranges for both fructosamine and fructosamine-albumin ratio. As there were no significant differences between the healthy and hypoglycemic ferrets, this study suggests that fructosamine concentration and fructosamine-albumin ratio are not likely to be useful in determining insulinoma-associated chronic hypoglycemia in ferrets.     

MULTIFOCAL EMBRYONAL TUMOR IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

A 3-year-old, intact female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented with right head tilt and circling. The animal was diagnosed with a chronic otitis media-interna by computed tomography (CT) and a myringotomy was performed. One week later the animal was clinically recovered. Thirteen days after the otitis diagnosis, the ferret was presented with hemiparesis of the hind limbs. Thoracic and lumbar radiographs showed mild congenital alterations in the vertebras and the myelography test revealed spinal cord dilation at the level of L3-L4. The CT and the MRI revealed an intraspinal lesion at the level of L2-L4. The animal was diagnosed with an intramedullary vascular lesion, and was treated with intravenous fluid therapy, meloxicam, marbofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and gabapentin. Nest rest was recommended. The coagulation tests were within normal limits. Four months after de intramedullary lesion diagnosis, the animal was presented with apathy, depression and anorexia. Unfortunately, the ferret died at the same day. Post-mortem evaluation of morphology and immunophenotype of lesions resulted in the diagnosis of a multifocal embryonal tumor (ET) in the brain and spinal cord of a ferret.     

USE OF A GASTROSTOMY AND JEJUNOSTOMY TUBE FOR MANAGEMENT OF GASTRIC DISTENTION FOLLOWING PYLORIC OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

An 8-month-old spayed female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented for evaluation of persistent, severe gastric distention following gastrotomy to retrieve several foreign bodies. A structural cause of gastric outflow obstruction was not identified ultrasonographically or surgically. A 14 Fr gastrostomy and an 8 Fr jejunostomy tube were used to facilitate medical management of severe gastric stasis and to allow enteral nutrition. The ferret tolerated the feeding tubes well and recovered completely following intensive medical therapy. This report describes successful management of idiopathic gastric distention using gastric and jejunal feeding tubes in a ferret. Feeding tubes and supplemental nutrition plans should be considered for management of ferrets with compatible disease processes.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF BILATERAL CONGENITAL URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION STENOSIS CAUSING HYDRONEPHROSIS AND HYDROURETER IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

An 8‐month‐old neutered male ferret was presented for vaccination and preventive treatment for adrenal gland disease. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Excretory urography and negative contrast cystography showed bilateral ureterovesical junction stenosis. Positive retrograde cystography demonstrated right ureteral reflux. A subcutaneous ureteral bypass was placed in the left kidney; however, it had to be removed 3 months later due to an obstruction and persistent urinary tract infection. Bilateral ureteroneocystotomy was performed. Although congenital strictures are uncommon in veterinary patients, they should be included in the differential diagnosis in ferrets presenting with hydronephrosis and hydroureter of undetermined cause.     

国产咪唑苯脲二丙酸盐在牛体内的药代动力学及组织残留

给牛单剂量肌注咪唑苯脲二丙酸盐(2mg/kg)。用紫外分光光度计测出不同时间的血药浓度,并按有吸收一室模型=M(e~(-ket)—e~(-kat))公式,计算出咪唑苯脲的主要药代动力学参数:吸收速率常数(k_a)为2.027h~(-1);清除速率常数(k_e)为0.419h~(-1),峰时间(T~(max))为1.18h;峰浓度(C~(max))为1.746μg/ml;吸收相半衰期(t1/2k_a)为0.342h,消除相半衰期(t1/2k_e)为1.165h;表观分布容积(Vd)为0.88L/kg;体清除率(BIC)为0.25L/kg/h。咪唑苯脲在牛的肝、肾、心,胆汁、脑、肌肉、脂肪中的残留量:停药后1个月分别为0.94、1.47、1.10、1.89,0.81、1.47和0.72μg/g;停药后2个月分别为0.763、0.454、0.232、0.493、0.106、0.662和0.441μg/g;停药后3个月分别为0.512、0.326、0.174、0.019、0.067、0.183和0.058μg/g。     

透皮给药后吡喹酮在小鼠体内组织分布及药代动力学

目的研究透皮给药后吡喹酮在小鼠体内的组织分布及药代动力学。方法用200mg/mL吡喹酮透皮剂涂擦小鼠腹部后,采用高效液相色谱法检测各时间点小鼠器官(肝、心脏、脾和肾)的吡喹酮浓度,分析其在各器官药代谢动力学特点。结果透皮给药后吡喹酮在小鼠肝脏分布浓度最高,脾和肾次之,心脏的浓度最低。吡喹酮在小鼠肝脏、脾和肾脏c-t曲线,各出现两个峰值,第一个峰值4min,Cmax分别为31.78μg/mL和7.87μg/mL,第二个峰值15min,Cmax分别为27μg/mL,11.1μg/mL。小鼠心脏的c-t曲线,有一个峰值3min,Cmax3.91μg/mL。结论吡喹酮透皮给药后,在小鼠肝脏分布浓度高,达到了临床治疗的要求。     

THE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF MEDETOMIDINE-BUTORPHANOL AND MEDETOMIDINE, BUTORPHANOL, ATROPINE ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN DOGS

The effects of intramuscularly administered medetomidine and butorphanol (MB), and medetomidine, butorphanol, atropine (MBA) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined in six dogs as measured by 99m-Tc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) nuclear scintigraphy. Direct systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate were measured at regular time intervals before, during, and after GFR calculations. The mean GFR measurement following MB was significantly greater (4.44 ml/min/kg) than following MBA (3.82 ml/min/kg) or saline treatment (3.41 ml/min/kg). There was no significant difference between the mean GFR measurements following MBA injection and following saline injection. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures following MBA injection were significantly higher than the values recorded after either MB or saline alone. Heart rate following MB administration was significantly lower than that recorded for dogs receiving MBA or saline alone. The results of this study indicate that the administration of medetomidine in combination with butorphanol significantly increases total GFR in healthy dogs, while the administration of the combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and atropine does not.     

银染核仁组成区（Ag—NOR）与家猪品种的起源进化

本文发现Ag-NOR是研究家畜起源进化的一个良好的细胞遗传学指标。它表型稳定,灵敏性高,能够察觉品种间的微小变异。用生物数学方法进行数据处理,x~2独立性检验和遗传距离分析,揭示了中国家猪、欧洲家猪、美洲家猪在起源进化中的相互关系和特点,同时还可对近缘品种加以区分,深化对品种形成过程的认识。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE BRAIN AND COELOMIC CAVITY OF THE DOMESTIC PIGEON (Columba livia domestica)

The technical feasibility of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in domestic pigeons was investigated. Imaging was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnet using a human knee surface coil. The head and coelomic cavity of isoflurane-anesthetized birds were imaged in the dorsal, sagittal, and transverse planes to produce T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. The birds were then euthanatized, formalin perfused, frozen, and sectioned in the corresponding anatomic planes. The anatomy defined by MRI was correlated with gross anatomic sections made from the same birds. The following CNS structures were identified: cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, optic chiasm, optic lobes, brain stem, and cranial spinal cord. The cornea, lens, and vitreous were also well differentiated in dorsal section MRI's. The abdominal organs identified included proventriculus, ventriculus, intestines, cloaca, liver, kidneys, spleen, testes, and ovary. The hepatic and renal vasculature were well defined.     

AN ACANTHOCEPHALAN PARASITE, MEDIORHYNCHUS GALLINARUM, OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL IN PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA

An acanthocephalan parasite, Mediorhynchus gallinarum, is a relatively common parasite of village fowls in Papua and New Guinea. The highest incidence (25%) were recorded from the West Irian border areas during a recent survey of approximately 120 birds. The life cycle is unknown and the parasite is not considered to be of major economic significance even in heavy infections.     

激光麻醉的镇痛机理研究——氦氖激光照射胫神经前后马脑脊液中乙酰胆碱含量、胆碱酯酶活性变化规律的探讨

本文通过对9匹临床健康马激光麻醉实验研究,用18mWHe-Ne激光照射马胫神经30分钟,确认达到了良好的全身镇痛状态,观察分析了激光照射前后三个不同时期脑脊液(CSF)内乙酰胆碱(Ach)含量、真假胆碱酯酶活性的消长规律。激光照射30分后停照10分,CSF内Ach含量显著增高,即由照前的197.91±17.89pg/ml升高到405.50±23.45pg/ml,激光停照60分时,CSF内Ach含量恢复至与照前值没有显著差异的水平。认为在激光镇痛过程中中枢胆碱能神经元功能增强,积极参与了激光麻醉。正常马CSF中真性胆碱酯酶(AchE)与假性胆碱酯酶(ChE)活性分别为2.21±0.1454、0.36±0.0486μM/ml/37℃/30′。激光照射前后马CSF内AchE和ChE均未发生显著变化。     

北京鸭的胰腺分叶及其排泄管道

本实验共用北京鸭30只,颈动脉放血,福尔马林固定。在对胰腺的解剖观察中,发现一条前人未曾报道过的第一胰管。观察结果如下:北京鸭的胰腺,位于十二指肠升袢和降袢之间,分为背侧胰叶、腹侧胰叶和脾胰叶。背侧胰叶和腹侧胰叶在多数个体彼此分离,少数个体两叶间有腺组织相连。脾胰叶仅和背侧胰叶相连。自背侧胰叶尾端发出第一胰管,在十二指肠升、降袢转折处附近通入十二指肠升袢肠壁,该胰管前人未报道过。自背侧胰叶和腹侧胰叶的头端,分别发出背侧胰管和腹侧胰管,在十二指肠末端,肝小肠管和胆囊小肠管入肠处的前方入肠。     

家猪染色体420条带的G带模式图

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及GTG、QFH显带法,对八眉、关中黑、巴克夏和杜洛克猪的G、Q带带型作了详细研究。将家猪显带染色体划分为63个区,分别绘制了300、420条带的G带模式图。     

中国红原鸡与家鸡血浆蛋白质（酶）多态性分析

本文报告了中国红原鸡和我国茶花鸡，泰和鸡，寿光鸡等地方鸡种的血蛋白质多态研究结果。