辐射育成极早熟小麦突变系的研究

自70年代以来,本所利用60Coγ射线、激光与快中子复合处理,选育出两个极早熟小麦突变系“152”和“321”,生育期分别为218和217天,比当地晚播早熟品种“鲁麦4号”还早熟2—4天。经研究,其原因主要是缩短了拨节至抽穗时间,而且灌浆早、速度快。两个突变系播种期弹性大,秋播、晚秋播或春播均能正常抽穗结实,具有弱冬性和春性双重特点,适宜麦—棉、麦—花生一年两熟地区种植。“321C”突变系籽粒蛋白质含量高达16.86％,赖氨酸含量高达0.42%,湿面筋含量高达42.0%,干面筋含量为14.0％,适宜制作优质面食,同时对育种工作也是颇有价值的优质源和早熟源。     

巨胚稻新品系的营养成分分析

为筛选出高营养成分含量的巨胚稻品系,以期为巨胚稻的育种研究和加工开发提供依据。本研究以福建农林大学作物遗传育种研究所选育的一批功能性巨胚稻新品系及非巨胚对照为材料,分别测定了其糙米的7种矿物质和17种氨基酸含量。结果表明:巨胚稻新品系中钾、锌、铜、锰和铁5种矿物质元素的平均含量分别比M86高50.65%、12.65%、28.58%、100.12%和112.86%;巨胚稻新品系的硒含量最高的为gewx1(0.17mg·kg-1),比对照M86(0.02mg·kg-1)高出750%。巨胚稻新品系绝大部分氨基酸含量都高于对照,必需氨基酸总量(EAA)平均为3.42%,比M86增加29.05%,氨基酸总量(TAA)平均为8.93%,比M86增加31.00%;巨胚稻品系的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量平均达到5.81mg·100g-1,是对照M86(1.81mg·100g-1)的3.2倍,大米肽的平均含量为20.98mg·g-1,比对照增加53.73%。糙米相对胚重与大部分营养成分含量呈极显著正相关,说明提高相对胚重能提高稻米在这些营养物质上的含量。     

辣椒空间诱变育种技术创新及新品种(品系)培育

通过空间诱变与常规育种相结合 ,田间选育与遗传标记技术相结合的育种新技术。选育出具有高产、优质的空间诱变“宇椒一号”(原代号卫星 87 2 )甜椒新品种 ,还选育出一批具有不同特色的辣椒新品系     

天选系列54份冬小麦新品系产量和品质性状评价及相关性分析

以天水市农业科学研究所选育的天选系列54份冬小麦新品系为材料,研究了产量和品质性状及其相互间的关系。结果表明:穗粒数与产量极显著相关,提高冬小麦产量应从增加穗粒数入手。冬小麦新品系的蛋白质含量和沉降值普遍较高,籽粒产量与蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值呈显著负相关,与其他品质性状相关不显著,提高产量可能会使品质变劣,高产与优质较难同步改良。因此,协调好穗粒数与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值间的关系,以增加穗粒数为切入点,可能会在获得高产的同时品质也能达到较高水平。     

闽引圆叶决明辐射变异后代新品系(86134-32-3)的若干特性

从60Coγ射线辐射闽引圆叶决明86134牧草种子种植后代中筛选出性状稳定的优良变异后代新品系86134-32-3。M4代田间小区品比试验表明,与原品种86134相比,新品系植株叶子生长数、干物质含量、粗脂肪含量、氨基酸总量和单位产量都有大幅度的提高,达到显著或极显著水平;其植株茎叶比大幅度下降。新品系植株的其余营养成分、包括生殖生长期在内的农艺性状均保持原品种特性。     

加工型功能早籼稻新品种“浙辐201”的选育与特性

浙辐201是新品系201干种子经60Coγ射线辐射培育而成的高抗性淀粉含量的早籼稻新品种,具有直链淀粉含量高、胶稠度软和抗性淀粉含量高的特点,适合加工专用和功能食品开发,适宜在浙江、江西、安徽、湖南等省作早中熟早籼稻栽培。     

14个晚熟马铃薯新品系在榆中的品比试验初报

在榆中县川水地高垄黑色地膜覆盖灌溉栽培条件下,对甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所自育的14个马铃薯新品系进行了品比试验。结果表明,马铃薯新品系L1011-15折合产量最高,达48 728.10 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯10号增产8.8％;L08104-13折合产量次之,为48 005.40 kg/hm2,较对照陇薯10号增产7.2％。综合评价,L1011-15、L08104-12这2个新品系综合性状优良,生长健壮,抗逆性强,折合产量高,抗病性强,且薯块大、丰产性好,可作为榆中县川水地高垄黑色地膜覆盖灌溉栽培的优良马铃薯晚熟品种种植。     

诱变获得高蛋白抗病大豆新种质的研究

用３×１０＾１１热中子／ｃｍ＾２照射Ｆ１风干种子，选育出９０－３５２５，９０－３５２６，９０－３５２７大豆新品系，其籽粒蛋白质含量４７％以上，并高抗病毒病和灰斑病。     

苹果新品种通过鉴定填补国内空白

由山东省龙口市农业技术推广中心和龙口市果树研究所历时8年研究培育的苹果新品种龙红蜜近日通过省级专家鉴定，填补了我国苹果品种的又一空白。龙红蜜是烟红蜜苹果的芽变新品系，与烟红蜜相比具有树势健壮，适应性强，适载范围广、果皮细腻腊亮，色泽靓丽，果实耐储运，糖度高等特点。龙红蜜这一新品种的诞生无疑将丰富我国苹果种质基因库，     

贵州不同生态区蓝莓果实抗氧化特性研究

为了探讨贵州省不同生态区不同蓝莓品种果实抗氧化能力的差异,对不同生态区蓝莓品种选育及栽种配置做出合理规划。选择贵州省3个不同海拔生态区内种植5年生的4个蓝莓品种,并分别对供试蓝莓果实样品的总抗氧化能力、羟自由基清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力进行测定,并结合测定蓝莓果实中总酚、类黄酮和原花色素含量,对蓝莓果实的抗氧化能力进行评价,结果表明,在高海拔地区蓝莓果实抗氧化能力强于低海拔地区,4个品种中"园蓝"的综合抗氧化能力最强;兔眼蓝莓中"园蓝"抗氧化能力强于"灿烂",高丛类蓝莓中"蓝雨"的抗氧化能力强于"莱克西"。蓝莓果实中原花青素含量、类黄酮含量、总酚含量与植株抗氧化活性显著相关(p0.01)。     

Antioxidant properties of crocin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and study of the reactions of crocin with linoleic acid and crocin with oxygen

Crocin-a water soluble carotenoid-is found in the fruits of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) and in the stigmas of saffron (Crocus sativus Linne). For crocin purification, gardenia fruits are extracted with 50% acetone, followed by ether washing, ion exchange, and separation by preparative HPLC. Purified crocin with purity of >99.6% has an antioxidative activity at concentrations up to 40 ppm. At 20 ppm the antioxidative activity of crocin is comparable to that of BHA. The antioxidant property of crocin as evaluated by the thiocyanate method was better than with the thiobarbituric acid method. The adduct between the linoleic acid radical and crocin was detected by LC-MS. When crocin reacted with oxygen in the presence of FeSO(4), intermediates such as monohydroperoxides and dihydroperoxides of crocin were formed and detected by LC-MS.     

用大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素的研究

为降低栀子黄色素中栀子苷的含量，提高栀子黄色素稳定性，该文就10种大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素进行了研究。结果表明，A-5大孔树脂选择性吸附藏花素的能力较强，吸附率和解吸率均达85%以上，经其纯化后的栀子黄色素OD值比率(即栀子苷在最大吸收波长238 nm处的吸光值与藏花素在最大吸收波长440 nm处的吸光值的比值)可降至0.4以下，实现了对藏花素与栀子苷的有效分离，适于栀子黄色素的纯化。     

3种保护剂对60Co-γ射线辐射栀子的保护效应

为研究⁶⁰Co-γ射线对栀子插条的辐射诱变作用及3种保护剂的保护效应,采用不同辐射剂量(5、10、20、40 Gy)辐射栀子插条,运用氯化钠(NaCl)、半胱氨酸(Cys)及维生素C(Vc)3种保护剂,分别设置4种不同浓度浸泡辐射后插条,分析不同辐射剂量及保护剂处理栀子插条的生根率、存活率、根长、根数、成株率、节间长度、分枝数、叶片数、叶长、叶宽等指标。结果表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,栀子插条的损伤逐渐增大。栀子插条⁶⁰Co-γ射线半生根剂量为21.22 Gy,半致死剂量为81.65 Gy,半成株剂量为20.30 Gy。3种保护剂在较高剂量辐射下具有显著的保护效应。在20 Gy辐射剂量下,3.00 g·L^-1 NaCl处理对栀子插条生根、生长保护效果较好。40 Gy辐射剂量下,0.12 g·L^-1 Cys和0.08 g·L^-1 Vc处理对栀子插条生根、生长保护效果较好。综上所述,3种保护剂均对较高剂量⁶⁰Co-γ射线损伤具有较好的保护作用,且保护效果与辐射剂量、保护剂浓度相关。本研究为栀子的辐射诱变育种及保护剂应用提供了技术参考。     

栀子黄脂质体的制备、表面修饰及体外消化稳定性研究

为了制备栀子黄脂质体,以栀子黄色素为研究对象,采用乙醇注入法制备栀子黄脂质体,以栀子黄包封率(EE)为指标,通过响应面法优化制备栀子黄脂质体的反应参数,并通过Zeta电位与平均粒径、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对其结构与形态进行表征。采用壳聚糖对栀子黄脂质体进行表面修饰,通过分析经紫外光照射、加热和体外模拟消化等处理后脂质体中的Zeta电位、平均粒径及释放率等指标的变化,研究壳聚糖修饰栀子黄脂质体的稳定性。结果表明,最优反应条件为:搅拌温度51.5℃,卵磷脂与胆固醇质量比5.2∶1,缓冲液体积为32.4 mL,所得栀子黄脂质体EE为78.36%。根据Zeta电位与平均粒径、FT-IR及TEM分析结果可知,已成功制备未修饰栀子黄脂质体与壳聚糖修饰栀子黄脂质体,其平均粒径从203.77 nm增加至282.17 nm。紫外光照射、加热和体外模拟消化试验结果表明,壳聚糖修饰脂质体的稳定性明显高于未修饰脂质体。本研究可为水溶性类胡萝卜素脂质体的制备及应用提供一定的理论依据。     

Physical stability of the blue pigments formed from geniposide of gardenia fruits: effects of pH, temperature, and light

Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides contain geniposide which can be transformed to blue pigments by a simple modification. Colorless geniposide obtained from gardenia fruits by charcoal and silica gel column chromatographies was hydrolyzed with beta-glucosidase to yield genipin. The resulting genipin was transformed to blue pigments by reaction with amino acids (glycine, lysine, or phenylalanine). The stability of the blue pigments against heat, light, and pH was studied to examine the blue dye for possible use as a value-added food colorant. Thermal degradation reactions at temperatures of 60-90 degrees C were carried out at different pH levels within the range 5.0-9.0 (pH 5.0, acetate buffer; pH 7.0, phosphate buffer; and pH 9.0, CHES buffer). The blue pigments remained stable after 10 h at temperatures of 60-90 degrees C, and in some cases, more new pigments formed. The pigments were more stable at alkaline pH than neutral and acidic pH. Similarly, the pigments were stable under light irradiance of 5000-20 000 lux. In this case, pH effect was not significant.     

超临界CO2流体技术精制栀子黄色素的研究

以市售栀子黄色素为原料,比较系统地探讨了超临界状态下萃取压力、温度、时间、ＣＯ₂流量、夹带剂对栀子黄色素ＯＤ值比率的影响。结果表明：高温、高压、添加夹带剂的条件下有利于降低栀子黄色素的ＯＤ值比率,达到精制的目的。     

基于松弛试验的光皮树果实冷态压榨流变模型

该文以研究光皮树果实冷榨制油过程中的流变特性为目标,利用自制直筒式压榨试验装置进行不同压榨应变水平的应力松弛试验,基于岩石流变基本模型分段模拟应力应变关系,建立其流变模型并进行验证。结果表明:光皮树果实加载过程中应力应变关系呈现线性和非线性两部分,屈服应变为0.4,应力松弛量随着压榨应变的增大而增大。采用分段模拟建模分析,并确定相应的模型参数。首先利用弹性元件和阻尼器模组合而成的广义Maxwell模型模拟线性段松弛过程,再利用线性与川北公夫模型叠加共同模拟非线性段松弛过程,构建了直筒式冷态压榨的流变模型,并进行了参数求解。误差分析表明:应变为0.5时,相对误差较大;而实际压榨过程中光皮树果实压榨应变均大于0.55,在此段应变范围内的模型平均相对误差均在7%之内,因此该模型为研究光皮树果实直筒式冷态压榨设备时应力应变参数的选取提供基础数据。     

Orally administered crocetin and crocins are absorbed into blood plasma as crocetin and its glucuronide conjugates in mice

A series of crocetin glycosides (crocins) are the main pigment of the stigmas of saffron (Crocussativus L.) and the fruits of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis). Although numerous studies have demonstrated that crocetin and crocins have a variety of biological functions, the metabolism of dietary crocetin and crocins remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the intestinal absorption of orally administered crocetin and crocins in mice. Orally administered crocetin was rapidly absorbed into the blood circulation and was present in plasma as an intact free form and as glucuronide conjugates (crocetin-monoglucuronide and -diglucuronide). Crocetin and its glucuronide conjugates were also found in crocins-administered mouse plasma, whereas intact crocins (glycoside forms) were not detected. These results indicate that orally administered crocins are hydrolyzed to crocetin before or during intestinal absorption, and absorbed crocetin is partly metabolized to mono- and diglucuronide conjugates.     

Crocetin esters, picrocrocin and its related compounds present in Crocus sativus stigmas and Gardenia jasminoides fruits. Tentative identification of seven new compounds by LC-ESI-MS

Crocetin esters present in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas and in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit are the compounds responsible for their color. Of the fifteen crocetin esters identified in this study, five new compounds were tentatively identified: trans and cis isomers of crocetin (beta-D-triglucoside)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester, trans and cis isomers of crocetin (beta-D-neapolitanose)-(beta-D-glucosyl) ester, and cis crocetin (beta-D-neapolitanose)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester. The most relevant differences between both species were a low content of the trans crocetin (beta-D-glucosyl)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester, the absence of trans crocetin di-(beta-D-glucosyl) ester in gardenia, and its higher content of trans crocetin (beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester and cis crocetin di-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester. With the same chromatographic method it was possible to identify, in a single run, ten glycosidic compounds in saffron extracts with a UV/vis pattern similar to that of picrocrocin; among them, 5-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuranone 5-O-beta-D-gentibioside and 4-hydroxymethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexen-2-one 4-O-beta-D-gentibioside were tentatively identified for the first time in saffron. Of these ten glycosides, only the O-beta-D-gentibiosyl ester of 2-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-hepta-2,4-dienoic acid was found in gardenia samples, but it was possible to identify the iridoid glycoside, geniposide.     

基于准静态压缩的果实黏弹塑性模型

目前对果实黏弹塑性特征与模型进行表征比较困难。基于果实等速压缩变形特征,提出了一表征其黏弹塑性的流变模型。该模型包括3个非线性弹簧元件、一个黏性元件以及一个滑块元件。结合压缩应力—应变试验曲线特征与模型特性提出了模型参数的数值确定方法。采用梨果实全果肉、带核果肉两种试样进行试验,获得了其黏弹塑性模型参数。结果表明试验与理论模型结果非常吻合,果核对其黏弹塑性有较大影响。采用本模型结合试验结果能较准确简便地确定类似特性果实的流变特征参数。研究结果为果品黏弹塑性流变特性分析以及模型表征提供了一种新的方法。