农业部公布的禁止和限制使用的农药名单

一、国家明令禁止使用的农药（24种） 六六六，滴滴涕，毒杀芬，二溴氯丙烷，杀虫脒，二溴乙烷，除草醚，艾氏剂，狄氏剂，汞制剂，砷、铅类，敌枯双，氟乙酰胺，甘氟，毒鼠强，氟乙酸钠，毒鼠硅，甲胺磷，甲基对硫磷，对硫磷，久效磷，磷胺，氟虫腈。     

金融风暴下中国农药市场分析及预测——农药企业“强身过冬”之我见

08之末09之初，对于农药企业来说，最为关注的焦点莫过于09年农药市场需求走向。随着全球金融危机的到来，农药行业也饱受动荡，晃得人心惶惶，担忧农药市场行情持续低迷。今年国家对“三农”支持力度进一步加大，农业部狠抓高产创建，特别是十七届三中全会，对农村改革作了重大部署，对农业发展将带来巨大的机遇，随着农业的发展，植保工作的重要性将更加突出，加之气候变化，农药市场将有良好的发展空间。     

禁止在烟草上使用的农药品种（或化合物）名单

六六六，林丹，滴滴涕，滴滴滴（TDE），毒杀芬，二溴氯丙烷，杀虫脒，二溴乙烷，二氯乙烷。环氧乙烷，除草醚，艾氏剂，狄氏剂，汞制剂，砷、铅类，敌枯双，氟乙酰胺（敌蚜胺），甲胺磷，甲基对硫磷，对硫磷，久效磷，磷胺，苯硫磷，溴苯磷，速灭磷，内吸磷，八甲磷，     

谈家桢同志生平

中国共产党的挚友，著名生物学家、中国现代遗传科学奠基人，杰出的科学家、教育家，中国民主同盟杰出的领导人，著名的社会活动家，上海市第八、九、十届人大常委会副主任，第五届上海市政协副主席，中国民主同盟中央名誉主席，民盟上海市委员会名誉主委，中国科学院院士，复旦大学原副校长谈家桢同志，因病于2008年11月1日7时18分在上海逝世，享年100岁。     

树立“公共植保”和“绿色植保”理念

植物保护是人们通过预防，消灭或者控制危害农作物的病，虫，草，鼠，软体动物等有害生物，达到农产品安全，高产，优质的目的。     

鱼在冰箱中存放不能太久

冰箱中的鱼不宜存放太久，家用电冰箱的冷藏温度一般为-15℃，最佳冰箱也只能达到-20℃，而水产品，尤其是鱼类，在贮藏温度未达到-30℃以下时，鱼体组织就会发生脱水或其它变化，如鲫鱼长时间冷藏，就容易出现鱼体酸败，肉质发生变化，不可食用，     

扶贫之窗——重庆市扶贫立注考察组来我省考察扶贫立法工作

为深入贯彻落实科学发展观，深度了解贫困村工作成果，优化贫困村工作思路，破解贫困村发展难题，加大民众脱贫致富力度，我省扶贫办坚持以科学发展为指导，以帮民需，解民难、促发展、保稳定为目标，今年省扶贫办将继续与本刊联手，积极推动全省落实帮扶计划，务实帮扶措施，解决发展难题，维护安全稳定，推动科学发展目标的实现。     

立体覆土出菇方法

目前，许多平菇、蘑菇等食用菌栽培者，在出菇时仍采用两头出菇法或覆土出菇法。实践证明．二者虽都具有许多优点，但也存在许多不足。两头出菇法存在的问题，主要是后期营养缺乏，生长势弱，菇体小，产量低。覆土出菇法存在的主要问题是，占地面积大，长出的菇带土，影响外观质量。而立体覆土出菇新方法，既能解决以上两种方法的不足，又能集两种方法的优点。它的优点是占地面积小，出菇不带土，后期营养充足，菇体大，产量高。立体覆土出菇的具体技术如下：     

茶道

航海20年，养成了喝茶的习惯，不过那都不用自己掏腰包买，起名叫“保健茶”，其实都是出口的一级茉莉花茶。直到回地方后老底子坐吃山空，也舍不得花钱去买，所以始终也不知市场的茶价为几何，久之，喝茶的习惯就被喝白开水代替了。不久前，儿子去杭州小游，一下子买回3种茶叶，花着我的钱来尽孝，真让人哭笑不得。儿子先在杭州市内买了菊花茶、茉莉花茶，后来在一个老大娘的指点下乘车去了一趟龙井村，花140多元买回半斤一级龙井茶，     

水城县大蒜主要病虫害的无公害控防技术

大蒜含有多种营养元素。是餐桌上较佳的调味食品。在生长期具有较强的耐旱、耐寒特性，水城县区域内大蒜种植已发展到412hm^2，667m^2可产蒜头305kg，蒜薹160kg，不论是蒜头、蒜薹，都具有产量较高、品质优的特点，已成为水城县种植业的一个产业，不但推动了种植业结构调整的优化，而且是农民增加收入的一个渠道，但由于大蒜品种种植年限长，连作时间长（10年以上），     

药液表面张力和黏度对草甘膦药效的影响及其机理研究

通过添加有机硅助剂和丙三醇调节草甘膦药液的表面张力和黏度,测定其对草甘膦药液液滴的物理性状及生物活性的影响。结果表明：降低药液的表面张力,雾滴的铺展直径增加,干燥时间缩短,药液的黏度以及在杂草叶片表面的最大稳定持留量没有显著性变化;草甘膦对杂草的防效表现为先升高后降低,对阔叶杂草最高目测防效和鲜重防效可提高42%和41%,对禾本科杂草防效可提高37%和37%。增加草甘膦的药液黏度,药液在杂草叶片上的最大稳定持留量增加,表面张力降低,对雾滴的干燥时间和铺展直径影响很小;草甘膦对阔叶杂草最高目测防效和鲜重防效可提高42%和41%,对禾本科杂草的防效可提高42%和42%。适当降低草甘膦药液的表面张力或增加其黏度均可提高其对杂草的防除效果。     

宁夏草原蝗虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应

为明确宁夏四类主要草原的蝗虫物种组成、多样性和对天敌、植被、土壤及其气候等生物和非生物因子的响应,2019-2020年在宁夏温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原和温性草原化荒漠四类草原对蝗虫及天敌物种进行了调查采集,通过物种数、个体数、多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数及均匀性指数分析蝗虫、天敌和昆虫的多样性,并就草原蝗虫优势种和多样性对天敌、植被、土壤及气候等生物和非生物因子的响应进行分析。结果表明,共采集鉴定草原蝗虫和天敌个体数分别有743头和3592头,物种数分别有27种和24种;温性草原上发生的蝗虫和天敌物种和数量均最多,蝗虫和天敌的物种分别为23种和21种,数量分别为432头和1682头;温性草原化荒漠上发生的蝗虫和天敌物种和数量均最少,蝗虫和天敌的物种分别为8种和7种,数量分别为34头和132头。蝗虫优势种有白纹雏蝗Chorthippus albonemus、短星翅蝗Calliptamus abbreviatus和亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus三种,天敌优势种有直角通缘步甲Pterostichus gebleri、麻步甲Carabus brandti和短翅伪葬步甲Pseudotaphoxenus brevipennis三种。温性草原无论是在草原蝗虫群落中,还是整个昆虫和天敌群落中,其丰富度指数均显著高于其他三类草原;草原蝗虫多样性指数和丰富度指数与天敌多样性指数和丰富度指数间均存在极显著正相关关系,与天敌优势度指数间存在极显著负相关关系;短星翅蝗和亚洲小车蝗发生均与天敌直角通缘步甲呈显著正相关关系,白纹雏蝗与禾本科植被盖度、高度、生物量,菊科植被盖度、生物量、频度、高度、土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、海拔和降水量间均呈显著正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH、平均气温和最高气温间均呈极显著负相关关系。     

Activity, adsorption and mobility of three acetanilide and two new amide herbicides

Activity, adsorption, and mobility of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and microencapsulated (ME) formulations of alachlor and acetochlor as well as of metolachlor, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid and flufenacet were studied. Petri-dish bioassay, based on root response of oats ( Avena sativa L.), was used for their activity in sand and in a silty clay loam soil, and for determination of herbicide concentrations in soil solution (not adsorbed) and in column leachates of the adsorption and mobility studies respectively. Flufenacet and both acetochlor formulations showed the highest activity in both soils and ME-alachlor and metolachlor the lowest; the activity of dimethenamid, EC-alachlor and S-metolachlor was intermediate. Activity of both formulations of alachlor and acetochlor decreased with increasing organic matter content, but alachlor activity was reduced more than that of acetochlor. Lower amounts of dimethenamid and S-metolachlor were adsorbed by soil compared with the other herbicides and, consequently, greater amounts of these two herbicides were leached through that soil. None of the herbicides tested was detected below 30 cm. Less alachlor and acetochlor were biologically available in soil solution after their application as ME-formulations and, therefore, lower amounts of both ME-alachlor and ME-acetochlor were leached through the soil compared with those applied as EC-formulations.     

Effects of the saprophytic leaf mycoflora on growth and productivity of winter wheat

The effects of the saprophytic mycoflora and its interference with cereal aphids on growth and yield of winter and spring wheat was studied in field experiments in 1980, 1981 and 1982.Yields varied between 5000 and 8000 kg dry matter of kernels per ha. The effect of the saprophytic mycoflora on yield was determined in different treatments: A) no control measures against cereal aphids and saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, B) no control of cereal aphids, control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, C) control of cereal aphids and control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, D) control of cereal aphids and stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora and E) control of cereal aphids, no control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi nor stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora.Considerable differences in top densities of saprophytic mycoflora (10 times as large in A and D as in B and C) were determined. The consequences of these differences for the growth and productivity of wheat were minor. A negative effect of saprophytic mycoflora on the yield could not be detected in 1981 and 1982, whereas a small positive significant effect was found in 1980. This stimulation may have been due to competition between necrotrophic fungal pathogens and saprophytic mycoflora. As a result of favourable weather conditions necrotrophic fungal pathogens were very numerous in 1980 and could form an important yield reducing factor. Yield levels may effect the importance of the necrotrophic and saprophytic mycoflora as yield reducing factors. Additionally, in the presence of aphid honeydew captafol was found to be relatively ineffective against saprophytic fungi.     

Rodent Control in India

Eighteen species of rodents are pests in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, animal and human dwellings and rural and urban storage facilities in India. Their habitat, distribution, abundance and economic significance varies in different crops, seasons and geographical regions of the country. Of these, Bandicota bengalensis is the most predominant and widespread pest of agriculture in wet and irrigated soils and has also established in houses and godowns in metropolitan cities like Bombay, Delhi and Calcutta. In dryland agriculture Tatera indica and Meriones hurrianae are the predominant rodent pests. Some species like Rattus meltada, Mus musculus and M. booduga occur in both wet and dry lands. Species like R. nitidus in north-eastern hill region and Gerbillus gleadowi in the Indian desert are important locally. The common commensal pests are Rattus rattus and M. musculus throughout the country including the islands. R. rattus along with squirrels Funambulus palmarum and F. tristriatus are serious pests of plantation crops such as coconut and oil palm in the southern peninsula. F. pennanti is abundant in orchards and gardens in the north and central plains and sub-mountain regions. Analysis of the information available on the damage and economic losses caused by rodents in rice, wheat, sugarcane, maize, pearl millet, sorghum, oil seed, legume and vegetable crop fields, horticulture and forestry, poultry farms, and rural and urban dwellings and storage facilities clearly shows that chronic damage ranging from 2% to 15% persists throughout the country and severe damage, sometimes even up to 100% loss of the field crop, is not rare. Several traditional and modern approaches and methods of rodent control are being used. The existing knowledge of the environmental, cultural, biological, mechanical and chemical methods of rodent control in India is reviewed. Considerable variations exist in the susceptibility of the pest species to different methods, particularly to rodenticides and trapping, their field applicability, efficacy and economics in different crops, seasons and geographical regions, behavioural responses of the pest species to these methods in different ecological conditions and their adoption by farmers in different regions of India. Environmental and cultural techniques, such as clean cultivation, proper soil tillage and crop scheduling, barriers, repellents and proofing which may reduce rodent harbourage, food sources and immigration have long lasting effects but are seldom adopted. However, their significance in relation to normal agricultural practices, intensification and diversification are discussed. Rodenticides, which provide an immediate solution to the rodent problem, form the major component of rodent control strategies in India. Poison baiting of rodents with zinc phosphide and burrow fumigation with aluminium phosphide are common in agricultural fields and recently Racumin (coumatetralyl) and bromadiolone have been introduced for the control of both agricultural and commensal rodent pests in India. Methods and timings of campaigns and successes and problems in implementation of rodent control are also reviewed.     

The pesticide module of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM): testing and sensitivity analysis of selected algorithms for pesticide fate and surface runoff

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a one-dimensional, numerical model for simulating water movement and chemical transport under a variety of management and weather scenarios at the field scale. The pesticide module of RZWQM includes detailed algorithms that describe the complex interactions between pesticides and the environment. We have simulated a range of situations with RZWQM, including foliar interception and washoff of a multiply applied insecticide (chlorpyrifos) to growing corn, and herbicides (alachlor, atrazine, flumetsulam) with pH-dependent soil sorption, to examine whether the model appears to generate reasonable results. The model was also tested using chlorpyrifos and flumetsulam for the sensitivity of its predictions of chemical fate and water and pesticide runoff to various input parameters. The model appears to generate reasonable representations of the fate and partitioning of surface- and foliar-applied chemicals, and the sorption of weakly acidic or basic pesticides, processes that are becoming increasingly important for describing adequately the environmental behavior of newer pesticides. However, the kinetic sorption algorithms for charged pesticides appear to be faulty. Of the 29 parameters and variables analyzed, chlorpyrifos half-life, the Freundlich adsorption exponent, the fraction of kinetic sorption sites, air temperature, soil bulk density, soil-water content at 33 kPa suction head and rainfall were most sensitive for predictions of chlorpyrifos residues in soil. The latter three inputs and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and surface crusts were most sensitive for predictions of surface water runoff and water-phase loss of chlorpyrifos. In addition, predictions of flumetsulam (a weak acid) runoff and dynamics in soil were sensitive to the Freundlich equilibrium adsorption constant, soil pH and its dissociation coefficient.     

鹰嘴豆籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白等电点、相对分子量的测定

测定鹰嘴豆Kabuli类型和Desi类型籽粒的清蛋白和球蛋白的等电点,并用凝胶过滤色谱和SDS—PAGE分析总蛋白和清蛋白、球蛋白的组成以及亚基的相对分子量。结果表明：Kabuli类型和Desi类型籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白的等电点分别是5．4、4．0和5．2、4．0;鹰嘴豆籽粒贮藏蛋白经凝胶过滤色谱出现8个蛋白峰,而SDS—PAGE电泳图谱上都出现13条主要亚基带;鹰嘴豆籽粒总蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白亚基条带分布与大豆相应蛋白亚基条带差异较大;Kabuli类型籽粒球蛋白的亚基数目及其相对分子量与Desi类型非常相似,但两种类型间清蛋白亚基数目及其相对分子量存在较大差异。     

低氮环境下燕麦与箭豌豆间混作与刈割时间对饲草产量及质量特性的影响

对北京市延庆县旱作低N土壤环境下燕麦与箭豌豆间混播6种方式与比例对饲草产量与质量特性影响进行了研究。结果表明,在低N环境下,与燕麦单作相比,箭豌豆与燕麦间混播不仅可增加饲草中干物质产量,饲草N产量也可增加30%~130%;而且燕麦与箭豌豆间混作对饲草质量也有显著影响(P<0.01)。间混作能够降低饲草中ADF与NDF含量,提高燕麦开花后饲草RFV值。4种间混作处理在饲草产量与饲草品质方面各有优点,也各有不足。在低N环境下,如果以饲草产量和饲草N产量为主要追求目标,则燕麦与箭豌豆1∶1邻行间作方式为最佳播种模式,其次依次分别是燕麦与箭豌豆1∶1同行混播、燕麦与箭豌豆1∶2同行混播、燕麦与箭豌豆2∶1同行混播。燕麦与箭豌豆间混播最佳刈割期为燕麦乳熟期 箭豌豆满荚期,因为此时混合饲草产量最高,饲草N产量与RFV较高,而ADF与NDF较低。     

盐胁迫对木本滨藜植物细胞膜透性及生理特性的影响

选取努塌滨藜(Atriplex gardneri)、三角滨藜(Atriplex tridentate)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)2年生实生苗进行NaCl、Na2SO4 胁迫处理,土壤含盐量分别设置为4,8,12 g/kg.结果表明,在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,努塌滨藜保护酶活力增强,MDA及膜透性不变;三角滨藜SOD、MDA升高,POD、CAT活力降低;沙棘SOD、CAT和POD活力下降,细胞膜透性和MDA含量大幅度增加.在不同浓度Na2SO4胁迫下,努塌滨藜随盐分浓度升高CAT活力先升后降,SOD、POD活力增强,MDA、膜透性差异不显著;三角滨藜SOD活力增强,POD、CAT活力降低,酶活力明显较同水平NaCl胁迫下高,MDA含量基本没有变化;沙棘MDA、细胞膜透性升高,但幅度远小于同水平NaCl胁迫,在4 g/kg盐胁迫处理下POD活力升高,其余各处理下SOD、CAT、POD活力全部降低.通过对比得出努塌滨藜、三角滨藜相对沙棘显示较强的抗氧化能力,具有较强的耐盐能力;努塌滨藜抗NaCl能力较强,而三角滨藜抗Na2SO4能力较强.     

三氟氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯对二点叶螨生命活力及繁殖力的影响

采用室内盆栽和叶盘饲养二点叶螨的方法,测定了三氟氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯不同浓度对二点叶螨的生命活力和繁殖力的影响。结果表明:分别用三氟氯氰菊酯10和20mg/L在二点叶螨第Ⅰ若螨期处理后,其成螨寿命、产卵量和卵的孵化率分别比对照增加19.4％和14.0％、41.1％和36.8％以及159.1％和107.3％;当分别用甲氰菊酯7.5和15mg/L在二点叶螨第Ⅰ若螨期处理后,其成螨寿命、产卵量和卵的孵化率分别比对照增加24.7％和23.7％、17.1％和9.21％以及174.2％和141％。用三氟氯氰菊酯20mg/L和甲氰菊酯15mg/L分别处理雌成螨后,其产卵量分别比对照增加24.6％和70.2％。在盆栽菜豆苗上以若螨为主的二点叶螨种群,在用三氟氯氰菊酯10、20mg/L处理后的第7d,其各螨态(成螨、幼若螨和卵)的增长指数分别为3.39和3.68、2.37和4.76、2.58和4.38;用甲氰菊酯7.5、15mg/L处理是3.74和4.82、3.22和4.00、2.30和3.75,均高于同期对照。三氟氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯对雌成螨和卵的数量明显增加,对害螨的发生有刺激作用。