脂多糖对畜禽热应激肠道损伤作用及营养调控

畜禽受热应激刺激现象比较常见,畜禽热应激发生机制相当复杂,热应激对畜禽肠道损伤过程中脂多糖(LPS)起到了重要作用。论文总结了LPS对畜禽机体的肠道损伤作用机制和营养调控研究进展,并对畜禽受热应激刺激时防控LPS损伤机体研究进行了总结和展望。     

新型半胱胺盐酸盐添加剂对畜禽应激的生理调控作用研究

以动物应激的发生、发展过程以及对畜禽生产性能的影响为理论基础,阐述了半胱胺对抗畜禽应激可能的机制,总结了应激条件下半胱胺盐酸盐添加剂(CT2000)在畜禽生产上的应用研究结果,为半胱胺抗应激作用提供理论和实践依据。     

热应激畜禽的营养调控

夏季高温环境下,畜禽极易发生热应激。畜禽发生热应激后其生产性能降低,严重影响养殖效益。营养调控措施是根据畜禽的发育规律,通过调配适宜的营养成分和含量,降低热应激对畜禽的生长过程的影响,使畜禽养殖朝着健康、绿色、持续、高效的方向发展。从调节电解质、矿物质、维生素等营养调控的角度综述了热应激防控的最新研究进展,以期为防控热应激和寻找新的措施、最大限度地降低畜牧业生产损失提供有益的思路。     

基因芯片筛选畜禽热应激差异表达基因的研究进展

热应激可引起畜禽机体一系列基因水平的变化,直接影响各组织器官正常的生理功能。基因芯片技术已广泛应用于畜禽多种致病、应激等方面的基因表达谱研究。本文结合基因芯片技术在畜禽热应激上的研究和应用,对全面筛选畜禽器官氧化损伤、生产性能及体外细胞培养中与热应激相关的差异表达基因进行综述,以期为寻找和验证与畜禽热应激损伤密切相关的分子标记提供线索,并为修复畜禽热应激损伤的分子营养调控研究提供参考。     

氨基酸在畜禽冷应激中的作用的研究进展

冷应激可为畜禽的正常生长发育带来很大危害，严重阻碍畜禽产业的健康发展。氨基酸是动物生长发育中不可或缺的营养物质，能够缓解冷应激带来的不利影响，使机体在严寒环境中维持正常的生长发育，增强机体抗寒性能。文章综述了冷应激对畜禽的危害及氨基酸在冷应激中营养、抗氧化及分子介导的作用，以期为制定畜禽冷应激保护方案和健康养殖提供参考。     

噪声应激的危害与预防

1噪声应激导致畜禽死亡的案例 噪声能引起畜禽应激,对畜禽健康造成不利的影响,导致生产力下降,强烈的噪声可以直接或间接地引起畜禽死亡。近几年来,笔者搜集了许多因噪声应激引起畜禽死亡的案例,现选择典型的案例罗列如下。     

畜禽运输应激的防范措施

随着畜牧养殖业的高度集约化发展,畜禽应激综合症发病率不断上升,畜禽应激的危害正日益突出并已成为阻碍畜牧业发展的最活跃的因素之一.同时,随着国内外畜禽贸易的繁荣,运输畜禽日益增多,由于晕车,高湿,高温,挤压,踩踏,饥饿,缺水等作用下应激引起畜禽发病、死亡或致残所造成的经济损失是巨大的.此外,运输应激还可使畜禽肉质下降,如呈现PSE猪肉(苍白、柔软、渗水的猪肉)、DFD猪肉(深色硬干肉);亦可使经由运输过的畜禽体重有不同程度的减轻.本文总结了防范畜禽运输性应激的几种措施.     

畜禽应激反应(下)

正(接上期)4.8换料应激突然更换饲料会影响畜禽采食,造成饲料利用率降低,因换料发生应激的禽类,其产蛋量和蛋重下降。此外,高产实验、培育良种等都可导致畜禽发生应激。5应激预防5.1选育抗应激畜禽品种,淘汰敏感畜禽,     

减少畜禽应激五项措施

应激可造成畜禽紧张不安、繁殖障碍、代谢紊乱、抵抗力降低、发生疫病,甚至死亡.因此,养殖户特别是规模养殖场应充分认识到畜禽应激的危害性,并采取措施尽可能的减少应激.减少畜禽应激主要从以下五个方面做起:     

γ-氨基丁酸在畜禽生产中抗热应激的应用

在现代畜牧生产过程中,热应激一直是阻碍畜禽生产的一个重要因素。在热应激条件下,畜禽的活动量减少、采食量下降、日增重降低、免疫功能受抑制而易感染疾病。因此,提高畜禽的抗热应激能力对畜禽高效生产具有重要的意义。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。