“疯牛病”浅说

牛海绵状脑病 (ＢＳＥ)俗称“疯牛病” ,是传染性海绵状脑病的一种。是一种特殊病毒———朊病毒引起人和动物的一组具有共同特征的非炎性、亚急性、渐进性、致死性中枢神经系统变性的疾病 ,故又称朊病毒病。自从 2 0世纪 80年代英国出现疯牛病以来 ,已在欧洲一些国家扩大流行 ,引起世界各国的恐慌和关注。我国虽未发现疯牛病 ,但为了预防疯牛病的发生 ,笔者将有关知识简述如下。1　疯牛病的病因是由有传染性海绵状脑病的一种即绵羊、山羊痒病病羊的骨、肉被加工成粉 ,作为牛的饲料添加剂进入牛的饲料中 ,这种痒病羊的骨肉粉中间含一种特殊…     

疯牛病的传染途径及防控措施

疯牛病学名牛海绵状脑病,是一种由朊病毒引起的致死性人畜共患神经退行性疾病。病牛脑组织呈海绵状病变,传染给人类后可导致人类疯牛病——"克-雅病"。目前该病发病地区日益扩大,病例数上升,危害极大。从病原、临床症状、传染途径及防控措施4个方面对疯牛病以及人类感染朊病毒后所得"克-雅病"进行了总结。     

牛海绵状脑病的防制

正牛海绵状脑病又称"疯牛病",是由朊病毒引起的牛的一种慢性、神经性、致死性人畜共患传染病。具有潜伏期长、发病潜隐和病程缓慢等发病特点,临床症状以行为异常、共济失调、轻瘫、消瘦等特征,伴有典型的脑灰质海绵状水肿和神经元空泡形成特征。主要感染牛科动物,牛和水牛。感染牛病死率为100%。该病感染人引起变异性克雅氏病。该病首次发现于英格兰被,之后有一些国家     

牛海绵状脑病的防治

<正>牛海绵状脑病通常称为"疯牛病",是一种慢性致死性的疾病,其不仅能感染牛,还对人具有易感性。牛海绵状脑病是由朊病毒感染后引起的一种传染性疾病。牛在发病后主要表现为精神失常、行走不稳和感觉异常敏感等,最后导致病牛死亡。这不仅给养牛业带来巨大的养殖风险,还给养殖场带来较大的经济损失。本病主要通过给牛饲喂含有BSE病原的     

家畜海绵状脑病和痒病的发生与诊治

传染性海绵状脑病是由朊病毒引起人和动物的某组致死性中枢神经系统变性传染病，包括牛海绵状脑病、痒病、貂传染性脑病和人的克一雅氏病、库鲁病等。家畜共同特征是潜伏期长，可达几个月至几十年，进行性共济失调，震颤，姿势不稳，知觉过敏，家畜痴呆等神经症状，病程发展缓慢，但全部以死亡告终。     

人兽共患病的现状与防制（四）——疯牛病

牛海绵状脑病(BSE)，俗称“疯牛病”(MCD)，属于可传播性神经退化性疾病(TSE)的一种。TSE是人和动物界中的一类遗传性、传染性和散发性的中央神经系统退行性脑病，最终可以导致患者死亡。动物的TSE除疯牛病外，还包括羊瘙痒病、水貂传染性脑病、猫科海绵状脑病及麋鹿慢性退行性疾病；人类的TSE则包括克雅氏病、库鲁病、吉斯综合征和致死性家族性失眠症。     

骡朊病毒基因克隆与序列分析

传染性海绵状脑病（TSEs）是一种可引起人和动物一系列神经退化性疾病的一种新型传染病,包括羊痒病（scrapie）、牛海绵状脑病（BSE）、鹿的慢性消耗性疾病（CWD）,水貂海绵状脑病（MSE）,猫的疯猫病（FSE）,人克雅氏病（CJD）。疾病的致病机理并不清楚,但是朊蛋白被认为是感染性因子。1986年暴发的疯牛病给英国造成很大的损失,而且变异型克雅氏病（vCJD）被认为是人类食用了被疯牛病污染的牛肉发生的,引起了全世界的恐慌。     

论令世人恐慌的“疯牛病”

最近，疯牛病又一次在英国流行，恐慌情绪立即席卷了欧洲乃至全球。据认为人们通过食用牛肉有可能染上类似于疯牛病的克雅氏症（CJD）b疯牛病于1985年首次在英国发现．又名牛海绵状脑病（BSE）．是成年牛的一种致死性神经系统疾病。脑病变、流行病学特征及传染性试验的结果均表明，BSE是由非常规的传染性因子（锯形蛋白变异）引起的一种亚急性海绵状脑病。这种病在牛身上发现之前多出现于绵羊身上，称为绵羊疯痒病（Scrapie）。本病在美国、爱尔兰、瑞典、法国、瑞士、丹麦、阿曼、苏丹、福克兰群岛部有过发生。1流行病学BSE多发于4～…     

牛海绵状脑病（疯牛病）

牛海绵状脑病（疯牛病）徐兰芳，李通瑞（江西省家畜兽医防疫检疫站）（中华人民共和国动植物检疫总所）牛海绵状脑病（ＢｏｖｉｎｅＳｐｏｎｇｉｆｒｏｍＥｎｃｅｐｈａｌｏｐｈａｔｈｙ，简称ＢＳＥ）俗称“疯牛病”。是当前严重威胁养牛业的一种进行性、致死性、神经性...     

几种新的动物及动物与人共患病简介（一）

疯牛病 1 概念：“疯牛病”有多种名称，目前世界上广泛采用的病名是“传染性海绵状脑病”（TranSmissible spongifolm encephaiopathies TSE），简称“牛海绵状脑病”（BSE）。由于它是由“朊病毒”（又称“朊粒”）引起，所以，有的又叫“朊病毒病”或“朊粒病”（Prion diseases）。除此之外还有称为“传染性变性脑病”（TDE）、“传染性脑淀粉样变性”（TCA）、“亚急性海绵状脑病”（SSE）、“亚急性海绵状病毒性脑病”（SSVE）等的。严格意义上的“TSEs”应译为“可传递性海绵状脑病”。该病是人和动物共患、呈亚急性、渐进…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.