Evaluation of Cellulolytic Enzyme-Assisted Microwave Extraction of Punica granatum Peel Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Conventional techniques for phenolics extraction from pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel (PP) have several insufficiencies like longer time duration, bioactive...     

Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Potential of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Seeds - A Review

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The use of complementary medicine has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects of drugs....     

石榴皮多糖的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

采用水浸乙醇沉淀法从怀远石榴皮中提取多糖,通过单因素实验和正交试验,确定石榴皮多糖的最适提取条件为:料液比为1∶10,提取温度为80℃,时间为2 h,提取次数为3次,多糖得率为11.13%。并采用不同的体外抗氧化实验,研究石榴皮多糖的抗氧化活。结果显示,石榴皮多糖具有很强的还原力和清除羟自由基的活性,适度螯合亚铁离子的能力和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除活性。本研究为石榴皮多糖的综合利用以及抗氧化药物的开发提供理论依据。     

超声波和微波对柑橘杂交种果皮中酚类物质浸提及其抗氧化能力的影响

以柑橘杂交品种葡萄柚、茂谷橘橙果皮为材料,研究超声波和微波对柑橘果皮提取物中酚类物质及其抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:葡萄柚果皮中含有丰富的柚皮苷、芦丁、橙皮素等酚类物质,茂谷橘橙果皮中含有丰富的槲皮素、川陈皮素、橙皮素等酚类物质。葡萄柚果皮提取液的抗氧化活性高于茂谷橘橙。葡萄柚果皮超声波提取液中酚类物质的含量和抗氧化活性高于微波提取液。柑橘果皮提取物中酚类物质的含量与其DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力呈正相关。此结果说明超声波提取法可提高葡萄柚果皮中酚类物质的提取率和提取液抗氧化能力。     

云南蒲缥地方优良石榴品种白水籽和红水籽性状初步评价

通过对云南蒲缥地方石榴品种白水籽和红水籽的植物学性状、经济性状的观测,和与省内外16个优良石榴品种的比较,初步认为白水籽和红水籽品种已符合石榴良种指标,值得深入研究和开发。     

Comparative Study of Subcritical Water and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Techniques Impact on the Phenolic Compounds and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Content in Pomegranate Peel

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Two environmentally friendly innovative extraction techniques - subcritical water (SWE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were applied for the extraction of...     

Deodorizing and antibacterial performance of cotton, silk and wool fabrics dyed with Punica granatum L. extracts

Natural dye extracts were obtained by extraction from Punica granatum L. using water as an extractant at 90 °C for 90 min with various liquor ratios (solid Punica granatum L.(wt.): solvent water(wt.); 1:100–1:5). Dyeing was carried out using a 1:50 dyeing bath ratio at 80 °C for 60 min by exhaustion method. This study focused on the effect of liquor ratio on dyeing properties and deodorizing/antibacterial performance of various fabrics (cotton, silk and wool) dyed with Punica granatum L. extract without mordants. The optimum liquor ratio was found to be 1:10. By IR, UV-visible spectroscopies and HPLC analysis, the main component in Punica granatum L. extract and the yellow colorant component were found to be ellagic acid. By GC/MS analysis, the major volatile components of pristine Punica granatum L. powder were found to be acetic acid (area: 25.84 %), ethanol (area: 17.97 %), acetoin (area: 13.11 %), acetaldehyde (area: 8.96 %), isobutanal (area: 4.90 %). All dyed fabrics (cotton, silk and wool fabrics) displayed outstanding deodorizing performance (99 %) against ammonia gas and excellent antibacterial performance (bacteriostatic reduction rate: 99.9 %) against Staphylococcu aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.     

Use of Banana (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Musa acuminata</Emphasis> Colla AAA) Peel Extract as an Antioxidant Source in Orange Juices

Using banana peel extract as an antioxidant in freshly squeezed orange juices and juices from concentrate was evaluated. Free radical scavenging capacity increased by adding banana peel extracts to both types of orange juice. In addition, remarkable increases in antioxidant capacity using 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical were observed when equal or greater than 5 mg of banana peel extract per ml of freshly squeezed juice was added. No clear effects were observed in the capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Adding 5 mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice did not substantially modify the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of either type of juice. However, undesirable changes in the sensory characteristics (in-mouth sensations and colour) were detected when equal or greater than 10 mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice was added. These results confirm that banana peel is a promising natural additive that increases the capacity to scavenge free radicals of orange juice with acceptable sensory and physicochemical characteristics for the consumer.     

马铃薯皮中黄酮类物质测定及含量

以马铃薯皮为试验材料,研究了黄酮类化合物提取方法,获得了提取马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物的最佳条件,测量了马铃薯皮中体现抗氧化性的黄酮类化合物的含量。试验中,对马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物进行了提取、分离,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl,DPPH)的清除率作为马铃薯皮中提取的黄酮类化合物含量及抗氧化活性的评价指标。通过单因素试验,确定提取溶剂、温度、时间、料液比等对提取结果的影响程度。并在单因素试验的基础上设计4因素3水平的正交试验,从而确定马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取条件。结果表明,马铃薯皮中黄酮类抗氧化物的提取最佳条件为50℃的温度下用80%丙酮溶液按照料液比1:10的比例提取,提取时间为3 h。在此条件下测得DPPH的清除率为84.62%。在最佳提取条件下提取马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物,并测得每克烘干后的马铃薯皮中含有约10.95 mg的黄酮类物质,与其它类果实果皮中具有相似的抗氧化活性的黄酮类物质的含量相比明显较高。     

Juice, Pulp and Seeds Fractionated from Dry Climate Primocane Raspberry Cultivars (Rubus idaeus) Have Significantly Different Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanin Content and Color

Raspberries contain flavonoid antioxidants whose relative concentrations may vary between the juice, pulp, and seed fractions. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total anthocyanin content, and berry color were determined for six cultivars of primocane raspberries grown in a dry climate (Utah, USA). Significant ORAC differences were found between juice (18.4?±?0.39 μmol TE/g), pulp (24.45?±?0.43), and seeds (273.27?±?11.15) with all Utah cultivars combined. A significantly higher concentration of anthocyanins was present in Utah raspberry juice (20.86?±?0.35 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside eq./100 g), compared to pulp (13.96?±?0.35). Anthocyanin content of juice and pulp were significantly positively correlated with dark color (L*). This is the first report of fractional differences in dry climate raspberries, and has implications for the juice and supplement industries.     

Effect of Genotype on the Sprouting of Pomegranate (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Punica granatum</Emphasis> L.) Seeds as a Source of Phenolic Compounds from Juice Industry by-Products

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are used mainly by the juice industry, for which seeds are a by-product to be disposed of, though they could potentially be a source of bioactive compounds. In this work, germination (total germination percentage, G; mean germination time, MGT; time to reach 80% of germination, TG80; seedling shoot length, fresh weight and dry matter), and nutritional value (total phenolics, TP; total flavonoids, TF; total non-tannins, TNT; antioxidant activities) of pomegranate seeds and sprouts were determined on four commercial pomegranate cultivars (Akko, Dente di Cavallo, Mollar de Elche and Wonderful). Seeds were removed from ripe fruits and incubated in plastic trays containing sterile cotton wetted with distilled water. Sprout shoots were harvested when they reached the complete cotyledon expansion, i.e., the ready-to-eat stage. Akko showed the best germination performance (G = 98%; MGT = 14 days after sowing, DAS; TG80 = 16 DAS), followed by Mollar de Elche. Sprouting dramatically increased TP, TF, TNT and antioxidant activity in all genotypes, with the highest values recorded in Mollar de Elche and Dente di Cavallo. Overall, based on germination performance, Akko and Mollar de Elche would be the best cultivars for sprouting. Sprouting pomegranate seeds appears to be a suitable way of utilizing by-products of the juice industry to obtain bioactive compounds.     

杧果皮萃取物的生物活性及其化学成分分析

对杧果皮乙醇提取的乙酸乙酯萃取物进行抑菌性测定。离体抑菌活性测定结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物对小麦纹枯和水稻纹枯等病原菌具有很强的抑菌活性;硅胶柱层析及生物活性测定结果表明,正己烷∶乙酸乙酯∶无水甲醇为 60∶40∶20（v∶v∶v）时对抑菌成分的分离效果最好;化学定性分析结果表明,对水稻纹枯病菌抑菌最强的（11~13）组段的化学成分主要为酚类、黄酮类和有机酸等物质,但具体是那一类物质起作用还需要进一步分离纯化和鉴定。     

Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics Compounds From Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Juice

Phenolic compounds in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice were identified and quantified by analytical high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection, showing the predominance of flavones (apigenin, luteolin and tricin derivatives), among flavonoids, and of hydroxycinnamic, caffeic and sinapic acids, among phenolic acids, representing a total content of around 160 mg/L. A tricin derivative was present in the highest proportion (>10% of the total). The phenolic extract obtained from sugar cane juice showed a protective effect against in vivo MeHgCl intoxication and potent inhibition of ex vivo lipoperoxidation of rat brain homogenates, indicating a potential use for beneficial health effects and/or therapeutic applications.     

Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: a Double-Blinded,Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial

The aim of this study is to investigate the simultaneous effect of pomegranate juice on components of the metabolic syndrome, including high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory index and glycemic and lipid profile indices in patients with metabolic syndrome. In a double- blind 2*2 crossover study, 30 individuals suffering from metabolic syndrome received a daily dose of 500 mL pomegranate juice for a period of one week. After one week of wash out period, they received a placebo for one week. Lipid profile, blood glucose control indices including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and hs-CRP were measured at the beginning and end of the study. To analyze the data, a repeated measure analysis of variance and a t-test were performed. The results indicated that in comparison to the placebo, pomegranate juice was more effective in reducing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.00) and hs-CRP (p = 0.018). The level of triglyceride (p = 0.030) and very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p = 0.014) were increased after the consumption of pomegranate juice, as opposed to the baseline condition. The rest of lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin, and HOMA-IR of the participants did not show any significant difference. Natural pomegranate juice supplementation lowered the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome as well as their blood hs-CRP. However, it also increased their triglyceride and VLDL-C.     

Pomegranate Juice and Peel Extracts are Able to Inhibit Proliferation,Migration and Colony Formation of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Modulate the Akt/mTOR/S6K Signaling Pathway

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is known to contain polyphenols with many potential health benefits, including anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial...     

Relationship Among Antimutagenic, Antioxidant and Enzymatic Activities of Methanolic Extract from Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

Common beans are rich in phenolic compounds, which can provide health benefits to the consumer. The objective of this work was to study the relationship among antimutagenicity, antioxidant and enzymatic activities of methanolic extract and trolox by principal components multivariate analysis. Antimutagenicity of phenolic compounds present in methanolic extract from the seed coat of common beans (P. vulgaris, Flor de Mayo Bajío cultivar) and trolox against AFB₁ mutagenicity were evaluated in the Salmonella typhimurium microsuspension assay. Antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract and trolox were evaluated using β-carotene and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro model assays. Cythrome P450 activity was measured by fluorometric assay. For phenolic extract, trolox and phenolic extract + trolox, the inhibition on AFB₁ mutagenicity in tester strain TA100 was 47, 59 and 69%, respectively. While in TA98 was 39, 48 and 68%. The inhibition of phenolic compounds, trolox and phenolic compounds + trolox on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity was 48, 59 and 88%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that phenolic extract and trolox have high antimutagenic and antioxidant activity and also inhibited enzymatic activity. The results suggest that the primary mechanism of action of phenolic compounds in beans against AFB₁ mutagenicity may be extra-cellular in the microsuspension assay.     

不同贮藏条件下马铃薯块茎皮中龙葵素含量的变化

马铃薯块茎在不同温度和光照条件下贮藏6～18 d,用乙醇-乙酸法提取块茎皮中的α-茄碱,用高效液相色谱法测定其含量,研究块茎皮中龙葵素含量的变化。结果表明,在有光照、贮藏温度为8,15,25℃条件下贮藏6 d,样品中α-茄碱的含量分别为1.35%,4.96%和9.67%;在有光照、贮藏温度15℃的条件下,贮藏时间为6,12,18 d,样品中α-茄碱的含量分别为4.96%,8.78%和12.76%;在25℃、贮藏时间6 d条件下,有光照和无光照处理的样品中α-茄碱含量分别为9.67%和7.61%。块茎皮中的α-茄碱含量随贮藏温度和时间的增加而增加,光照条件下块茎皮中的α-茄碱含量明显增加。     

富硒微肥对利川有机水稻硒含量的影响

采用田间试验和仪器分析方法,研究了锌硒葆富硒微肥对利川有机水稻硒含量的影响。结果表明,水稻在破口期、抽穗期、乳熟期,通过叶面喷施锌硒葆富硒微肥,能显著提高稻谷硒的含量,硒含量达到0．21mg／kg,从而达到国家富硒稻米标准。     

五味子藤茎抗氧化物质超声波醇提取工艺研究

本试验以五味子藤茎粉末为试验材料,以乙醇为提取试剂,以羟基自由基的清除率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验的方法,研究了五味子藤茎抗氧化物质的超声波乙醇提取工艺,并得到了五味子藤茎抗氧化物质提取的最佳工艺参数为：料液比1：20（g／mL）,温度40℃,乙醇浓度65％条件下提取40min时,提取效果最好。