浸胶单板干燥温度对压缩木性能的影响

将杨木单板浸渍酚醛树脂胶后经不同温度干燥,再组坯热压制成压缩木,探讨浸胶单板干燥温度对压缩木性能的影响。结果表明:压缩木的耐水性能、静曲强度、弹性模量和垂直加载水平剪切强度等主要性能指标,均以干燥温度为60~70℃时最优。     

工艺参数对玄武岩连续纤维增强环氧树脂力学性能的影响

采用正交试验的方法,通过研究温度、时间及偶联剂三因素对玄武岩连续纤维增强环氧树脂(Basalt continuous fiber reinforced Epoxy Polymer,简称Epoxy-BFRP)弯曲性能、拉伸性能和层间剪切强度的影响,进而选择合适的工艺参数,保证Epoxy-BFRP的力学性能.热压温度选择了30℃、40℃、50℃三个水平,热压时间选择了1h、1.5h、2h,偶联剂选用了KH550、KH560、KH570三种.研究结果表明:①在试验设定条件下,当温度为40℃、时间为1.5h、偶联剂为KH550时,弯曲性能达到最优;②拉伸性能的优化方案是温度为30℃,时间为1.5h,偶联剂为KH550;③层间剪切强度的优化方案和弯曲性能一致.     

后期热固化处理对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

对竹基纤维复合材料进行两种条件(80℃处理8h和50℃处理24 h)的热固化处理后,观测其表观形貌,并进行拉伸、压缩、水平剪切性能以及疲劳性能检测.结果表明:经过热固化处理后,竹基纤维复合材料表面有不连续的微小裂纹产生,其拉伸、压缩、水平剪切性能略有提高,疲劳性能则无显著变化.     

麻竹制备竹基纤维复合材料的性能初探

为了探索利用麻竹制备竹基纤维复合材料的性能,首先利用纤维可控分离技术将麻竹制备成纤维化竹单板,经过浸胶干燥后,采用热压法制备竹基纤维复合材料,并探讨密度对其耐水性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用热压法制备的竹基纤维复合材料的性能较优,已超过重组竹地板标准规定的室外用地板的指标值。随着密度的增加(0.90~1.15g/cm~3),麻竹竹基纤维复合材料的耐水性能得到改善,其静曲强度、弹性模量和水平剪切强度等主要力学性能增强。在应用中可以考虑在保证板材使用性能的前提下,尽量降低竹基纤维复合材料的密度以节约成本。     

捏合温度和木纤维水分对木纤维-聚乳酸复合材料中聚乳酸的影响

采用捏合法制备木纤维-聚乳酸(WF-PLA)复合材料。通过凝胶色谱法(GPC)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究捏合温度和木纤维水分对WF-PLA生物质复合材料中聚乳酸分子质量及热性能的影响。结果表明:捏合温度对WF-PLA生物质复合材料中PLA性能影响显著。随着捏合温度由180℃升高到200℃,WF-PLA复合材料中PLA的重均分子质量(M珚w)明显下降,数均分子质量(M珚n)在200℃时也明显下降,在190℃时,PLA分子多分散系数最小。不同捏合温度的WF-PLA复合材料中,PLA熔融温度略有不同,熔融温度变化与PLA分子质量相关。木纤维水分对捏合法制备的WF-PLA复合材料中PLA的分子质量和热性能的影响不显著。     

樟树剩余物制备重组木工艺与性能研究

利用新型重组木技术研究樟树剩余物制备重组木的工艺,实现樟树剩余物的资源化利用。以樟树木材加工、修剪、提取精油后产生的枝桠剩余物为原料,制备纤维化木束,经浸胶、干燥、组坯、热压后压制出不同密度的樟木重组木复合材料,并研究其静曲强度、弹性模量、剪切强度、抗压强度、吸水厚度膨胀率等基本性能随复合材料密度变化的情况。结果表明:采用该工艺压制的樟树重组木尺寸稳定性强,各项物理与力学性能优异。随着重组材料密度的增加,材料的厚度膨胀率与宽度膨胀率下降,静曲强度与弹性模量、剪切强度以及抗压强度增加,材料性能的增加趋势随着密度增加逐步放缓。因此,为节约成本,在保证樟树重组木基本性能的前提下,生产中尽可能降低材料密度,以达到兼顾实用与成本控制的目标。     

疏解竹单板高温干热处理对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

【目的】以高温干热处理疏解竹单板为基本单元,制备竹基纤维复合材料,分析不同热处理温度对疏解竹单板物理化学性能以及竹基纤维复合材料物理力学性能的影响,为高温干热处理竹基纤维复合材料生产工艺优化和新产品开发提供依据。【方法】以毛竹疏解单板为原料,以180和200℃干热空气为介质,在氧气含量2%～2.5%条件下对其进行热处理;以不同温度处理的疏解竹单板为基本单元制备竹基纤维复合材料,对热处理后疏解竹单板以及竹基纤维复合材料的性能进行分析。【结果】200℃处理4 h疏解竹单板的质量损失比180℃大;随着热处理温度升高,疏解竹单板的综纤维素和α-纤维素含量分别降低11.36%、20.15%和21.95%、35.94%,木质素相对含量分别增加16.36%、43.56%,pH和缓冲容量降低;傅里叶变换红外光谱和X-射线光电子能谱分析显示,热处理后疏解竹单板表面羟基数量减少,导致其对水分的再吸收能力降低;热处理后疏解竹单板和竹基纤维复合材料的表面颜色加深;经180和200℃处理后,竹基纤维复合材料的吸水宽度膨胀率、吸水厚度膨胀率和吸水率分别降低11.20%、15.88%、7.03%和21.60%、32.27%、26.60%,静曲强度和剪切强度分别降低39.07%、33.51%和56.14%、42.15%,弹性模量变化不显著。【结论】随着热处理温度升高,疏解竹单板的抽提物挥发和化学组分降解,其质量损失率增加,pH和缓冲容量降低;半纤维素优先降解,导致其对水分的再吸收能力降低,而降解生成的可溶性小分子物质增加,导致其抽提物和木质素相对含量增加;热处理疏解竹单板和竹基纤维复合材料的表面颜色加深;竹基纤维复合材料的吸水宽度膨胀率、吸水厚度膨胀率和吸水率降低,耐水性能增加,静曲强度和剪切强度大幅降低。     

水降解对木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

聚乳酸是一种强度较高的聚酯类材料,其良好的降解性能在保证了其环保优势的同时,也对其物理力学性能产生一定影响。本研究将木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料置于水环境中进行水解处理,然后测试复合材料的力学性能。结果显示,将复合材料放置在水中一段时间后,复合材料的弯曲性能和拉伸性能都显著下降,木纤维含量越高,材料性能下降越明显。这说明水环境使聚乳酸分子链发生了水解反应,使材料性能下降;同时,木纤维的吸水膨胀和干燥收缩也使材料界面薄弱点增加,使材料性能有所下降。     

陈放温度对黄麻纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

采用酚醛(PF)树脂浸渍黄麻纤维毡热压制备复合材料,探讨了预浸料在不同温度(20,30,40,50和60℃)下陈放对黄麻纤维/PF复合材料力学性能的影响,并利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、傅里叶红外光谱法(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段分析了性能变化的原因。结果显示,陈放温度从20℃升高到40℃时,陈放时间大幅缩短,但陈放温度在40℃以上时陈放时间缩短较少。预浸料在30~50℃之间陈放时,可使复合材料的弯曲性能高于60℃陈放;在30~40℃陈放时,复合材料的冲击强度最高。DSC和FT-IR分析结果表明,陈放温度过高或时间过长会减少PF树脂内的羟甲基含量,降低固化反应程度,最终导致复合材料的力学性能下降。从微观结构观察可知,在40℃陈放时的纤维与树脂结合状况良好。综合考量力学性能和陈放时间,预浸料在40℃陈放能够制备出力学性能较好的黄麻纤维/PF复合材料。     

竹束单板层积材预压密实化工艺及性能研究

初步探索了热压法和冷压法两种竹束单板层积材预压密实化制备工艺,研究了密实化温度、时间和组坯方式对板材力学性能和尺寸稳定性能的影响.结果表明:随着密实化温度的增加,用新工艺制备的BLVL的静曲强度、弹性模量、剪切强度和尺寸稳定均呈下降趋势,自密实化温度120℃开始对新工艺制备的BLVL的力学性能和尺寸稳定性能影响较大;10min密实化板材的各项性能较15min要高;冷压法密实化板材各项性能较热压法要略低,但冷压法操作相对简便易行、生产效率高、能耗小;采用热压法工艺90℃、10min下制备的BLVL各项性能指标最优.     

密度对寿竹竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

为开发竹材人造板新产品,利用4～5年生寿竹为原料,采用热压生产工艺制备竹基纤维复合材料,并分析复合材料密度对其物理和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着密度增加,复合材料厚度方向上的吸水膨胀率增加,宽度方向的吸水膨胀率下降,力学性能逐渐增加。     

疏解次数对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

以慈竹为试材,探讨疏解次数对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:随着疏解次数的增加,板材的静曲强度亦逐渐增加,弹性模量呈先增后降的趋势,抗压强度提升,抗拉强度降低,耐水性能增强.建议:当要求较高的抗拉强度时,以疏解3次最佳;要求较高的抗弯、抗压强度和耐水性能时,以疏解7次为宜.     

竹节对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

以梁山慈竹和毛竹的纤维化单板为原料制备竹基纤维复合材料,根据纤维化单板上的竹节、节间在板坯中的不同位置,制备节部材、节间材及节部与节间交互铺装的混合材。板材性能检测结果显示:节部材的耐水性能和水平剪切强度表现最好,抗弯、抗拉和抗压强度最差;节间材的性能与其相反。在实际生产铺装纤维化单板时,应尽可能使各层单板间竹节错开配置,避免重叠。     

热处理对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

为拓展竹基纤维复合材料的应用领域,对慈竹纤维化单板进行热处理,探讨蒸汽压力和热处理时间对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:经过热处理,竹基纤维复合材料的尺寸稳定性改善；随着蒸汽压力的增大和热处理时间的延长,材料的静曲强度和水平剪切强度显著降低,弹性模量则呈现先增后减的趋势.在保证材料性能的前提下,建议根据产品需求来选择适宜的热处理工艺.     

竹基纤维复合材料的染色介质及温度对其性能的影响

以毛竹为原料,在不同染色工艺条件下,研究纤维化竹单板的上染效果以及染色单板制备的竹基纤维复合材料的性能。结果表明:75℃乙醇分散介质染色与90℃水分散介质染色单板的上染色泽,均优于常温水分散介质染色;75℃乙醇染色制备的竹基纤维复合材料的色泽最佳,常温水染色时,制备材料的物理力学性能最优。综合考虑竹基纤维复合材料的表观色泽和性能,推荐使用75℃乙醇溶剂作为介质的染色工艺。     

户外用竹基纤维复合材料加速老化耐久性评价

为了给竹基纤维复合材料在户外环境的使用提供参考数据,对利用3～4年生毛竹和慈竹生产的竹基纤维复合材料,参照美、中两种标准(ASTM D 1037-06a和GB/T 17657-1999)方法进行循环试验,测定经过循环暴露试验后,材料的力学性能和尺寸稳定性.试验结果表明,竹基纤维复合材料的性能优于现有户外商业化重组竹产品.     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.