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1.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
2.
Jimenez M Guzman AP Azuara E Garcia O Mendoza MR Beristain CI 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):57-63
Porophyllum tagetoides is an annual warm-weather herb that has an intense typical smell. Its leaves are commonly used in soup preparation and traditional
medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Its volatile compounds and antioxidant properties were evaluated in crude,
aqueous and ethanol leaf extract and an oil emulsion using different antioxidant assays in vitro, such as: DPPH radical scavenging activity, redox potential, polyphenol content, reducing power and optical density. A high
antioxidative activity was found when comparing leaves with stems. The crude extract from leaves showed a very high reducing
power (2.88 ± 0.20 O.D.) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity (54.63 ± 4.80%), in concordance with a major concentration of
vitamin C (23.97 ± 0.36 mg/100 g). Instead, the highest polyphenol content (264.54 ± 2.17 mg GAE/g of sample) and redox potential
(561.23 ± 0.15 mV) were found by the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. Aldehydes and terpenes such as nonanal, decanal,
trans-pineno, β-myrcene and D-limonene were the major volatiles found. This study suggests that Porophyllum tagetoides extracts could be used as antioxidants. 相似文献
3.
Ban X Huang B He J Chen Y Zeng H Han L Wang Y 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):175-180
The inflorescence of cultivated Coptis chinensis has been valued for tea production for many years in China. The antioxidant activities of C. chinensis inflorescence extracts prepared by various solvents were investigated by using several established in vitro systems: 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide
radical scavenging assays, reducing power assay, and ferrothiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The results
showed that the 70% ethanol extract (EE) had the strongest antioxidant activity in vitro among the various extracts. Based on the in vitro results, EE was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of C. chinensis inflorescence in vivo. The liver and kidney of intoxicated animals showed a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)
and glutathione (GSH) levels, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level showed a significant increase. These changes were significantly
reversed after treatment with EE and the standard vitamin E. Thus, the C. chinensis inflorescence may be a valuable natural source that can be applicable to food industries. 相似文献
4.
Ajibola CF Eleyinmi AF Aluko RE 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(4):320-327
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro modulation of the renin-angiotensin system by polyphenolic extracts and fractions of two green leafy vegetables, Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Gongronema latifolium (GL), that are used for food and medicinal purposes. An 80% acetone extract of each leaf was fractionated on silicic acid-packed
column to give two main fractions: acetone eluate (flow-through) and ethanol eluate (column-bound), that consist mostly of
chlorophyllic and non-chlorophyllic fractions, respectively. Column fractionation resulted in polyphenolic fractions that
displayed higher potency against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin than the crude acetone extracts; generally,
the chlorophyllic fraction was more active than the non-chlorophyllic fraction. ACE-inhibitory activity was significantly
higher (p < 0.05) for the chlorophyllic fraction of VA than GL, with IC50 values of 0.207 and 0.413 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly, the chlorophyllic fraction of VA had significantly higher (p < 0.05) renin inhibition than GL, with IC50 values of 0.172 and 0.513 mg/ml, respectively. Kinetics studies showed that the chlorophyllic fractions of VA and GL exhibited
mostly mixed-type ACE and renin inhibitions. We concluded that the hydrophobic nature of the chlorophyllic fraction may have
contributed to the increased interaction with enzyme protein and inhibition of activities of ACE and renin. 相似文献
5.
R. A. Chavez-Santoscoy J. A. Gutierrez-Uribe S. O. Serna-Saldívar 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):146-152
Juices of nine prickly pears (Opuntia spp.) were characterized in terms of color, acidity, sugar content, phenolics, flavonoids, betalains and antioxidant activity
and tested in vitro against four cancer cell lines. The juices had pH′s, acidities and sugar ranging from 4.27 to 5.46, 0.03 to 0.27% and 8 to
14.7°Brix, respectively. Juices also varied in color from white to purple and contained total phenolics, flavonoids, betaxanthins,
betacyanins and antioxidant capacity ranging from 22 to 226 μg gallic acid eq/g, 95 to 374 μg quercetin eq/g, 3 to 189 μg/g,
1.6 to 300 μg/g and 17 to 25 micromoles Trolox eq./mL, respectively. Among the cancer lines tested, viability of prostate
and colon cells were the most affected. Moradillo contained the highest flavonoids and diminished both prostate and colon
cancer cell viability without affecting mammary or hepatic cancer cells. Rastrero reduced the growth of the four cancer cell
lines without affecting normal fibroblast viability. The research shows intervarietal differences among prickly pears in terms
of juice properties and phytochemicals that could prevent oxidative stress and cancer. 相似文献
6.
Dias MI Barros L Sousa MJ Ferreira IC 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):181-186
Coriander is commonly used for medicinal purposes, food applications, cosmetics and perfumes. Herein, the production of antioxidants
in vegetative parts (leaves and stems) of in vivo and in vitro grown samples was compared. In vitro samples were clone A- with notorious purple pigmentation in stems and leaves and clone B- green. Seeds were also studied
as they are used to obtain in vivo and in vitro vegetative parts. Lipophilic (tocopherols, carotenoids and chlorophylls) and hydrophilic (sugars, ascorbic acid, phenolics,
flavonols and anthocyanins) compounds were quantified. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by radical scavenging activity,
reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition. The in vivo sample showed the highest antioxidant activity mainly due to its highest levels of hydrophilic compounds. Otherwise, in vitro samples, mainly clone A, gave the highest concentration in lipophilic compounds but a different profile when compared to
the in vivo sample. Clones A and B revealed a lack of β-carotene, β- and δ-tocopherols, a decrease in α-tocopherol, and an increase in
γ-tocopherol and clorophylls in comparison to the in vivo sample. In vitro culture might be useful to explore the plants potentialities for industrial applications, controlling environmental conditions
to produce higher amounts of some bioactive products. 相似文献
7.
Nencini C Menchiari A Franchi GG Micheli L 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(1):11-16
Antioxidant activity of fresh Allium sativum L. (garlic) is well known and is mainly due to unstable and irritating organosulphur compounds. Fresh garlic extracted over
a prolonged period (up to 20 months) produces odourless aged garlic extract (AGE) containing stable and water soluble organosulphur
compounds that prevent oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity of aged (up to 20 months) 15% hydroethanolic extracts of different parts (bulbs, bulblets, flower bulblets,
flowers, and leaves) of three Allium spontaneous species which are endemic for Italian flora: Allium neapolitanum Cyr., Allium subhirsutum L., Allium roseum L. and to compare it with the in vitro antioxidant activity of aged 15% hydroethanolic extracts of bulbs and leaves of garlic. The antioxidant potential of aged
extracts of all species has been evaluated using two different spectrophotometric assays: 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
test and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Furthermore the polyphenol content was determined. The aged extracts
obtained from the leaves showed the best antioxidant activity, followed by flowers and then by bulbs in both used tests, while
flower bulblets and bulblets exhibited lower results or no activity. The polyphenol content was generally directly correlated
with antioxidant/antiradical activity. This study confirms the data obtained in previous researches, the wild-type species
of Allium and in particular organs other than bulbs are more active and efficacious than garlic bulb. Surely leaves of these Allium spp. deserve special attention. 相似文献
8.
Pahua-Ramos ME Ortiz-Moreno A Chamorro-Cevallos G Hernández-Navarro MD Garduño-Siciliano L Necoechea-Mondragón H Hernández-Ortega M 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):10-16
Avocado seed contains elevated levels of phenolic compounds and exhibits antioxidant properties. We investigated the effect
of Avocado Seed Flour (ASF) on the lipid levels in mice on a hyperlipidemic diet. The concentration of phenols was determined
by high-performance liquid chromatography, antioxidant activity was evaluated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
method, and dietary fiber was measured using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. The LD50 of ASF was determined using Lorke’s method and hypolipidemic activity was evaluated in a hypercholesterolemic model in mice.
Protocatechuic acid was the main phenolic compound found in ASF, followed by kaempferide and vanillic acid. The total phenolic
content in the methanolic extract of ASF was 292.00 ± 9.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g seed dry weight and the antioxidant
activity resulted in 173.3 μmol Trolox equivalents/g DW. In addition, a high content of dietary fiber was found (34.8%). The
oral LD50 for ASF was 1767 mg/kg body weight, and treatment with ASF significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C,
and prediction of the atherogenic index. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber in ASF
may be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic activity of ASF in a hyperlipidemic model of mice. 相似文献
9.
10.
Sánchez-Pardo ME Ortiz-Moreno A Mora-Escobedo R Necoechea-Mondragón H 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):99-105
The present study compares the effect of baking process (microwave vs conventional oven) on starch bioavailability in fresh
pound cake crumbs and in crumbs from pound cake stored for 8 days. Proximal chemical analysis, resistant starch (RS), retrograded
starch (RS3) and starch hydrolysis index (HI) were evaluated. The empirical formula suggested by Granfeldt was used to determine
the predicted glycemic index (pGI). Pound cake, one of Mexico’s major bread products, was selected for analysis because the
quality defects often associated with microwave baking might be reduced with the use of high-fat, high-moisture, batted dough.
Differences in product moisture, RS and RS3 were observed in fresh microwave-baked and conventionally baked pound cake. RS3
increased significantly in conventionally baked products stored for 8 days at room temperature, whereas no significantly changes
in RS3 were observed in the microwaved product. HI values for freshly baked and stored microwaved product were 59 and 62%,
respectively (P > 0.05), whereas the HI value for the conventionally baked product decreased significantly after 8 days of storage. A pound
cake with the desired HI and GI characteristics might be obtained by adjusting the microwave baking process. 相似文献
11.
Cesonienė L Daubaras R Jasutienė I Venclovienė J Miliauskienė I 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(3):238-244
Benzoic acid, total anthocyanins, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and colour properties in juice of the American cranberry
Vaccinium macrocarpon and the European cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos were investigated. Berry juices of V. macrocarpon cultivars were distinguished by their higher total anthocyanin and benzoic acid amounts. These cultivars accumulated on average
43.11 mg/l of benzoic acid and 92.45 mg/l of total anthocyanins. The levels of benzoic acid and total anthocyanins in V. oxycoccos cultivars were 17.52 mg/l and 42.54 mg/l, respectively. The V. macrocarpon cultivars ‘Franklin’, ‘Le Munyon’, ‘Searles’, and ‘Early Richard’ were selected as the best according to the enhanced total
anthocyanins and benzoic acid amounts. The separation of anthocyanins by HPLC-UV-VIS revealed the presence of six anthocyanins,
with peonidin-3-galactoside being the most prevalent. Galactoside together with glucoside conjugates comprised the largest
percentage of total anthocyanins in the juices of V. macrocarpon and V. oxycoccos cultivars. 相似文献
12.
Gene E. Lester John L. Jifon Kevin M. Crosby 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(3):205-211
Muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) are well-known as excellent sources of several vitamins, minerals and non-enzymatic antioxidant phytochemicals such as
vitamin C and pro-vitamin A. Less well-studied is their potential role as sources of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide
dismutase (SOD), which have been associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity in some muskmelon fruits.
In this study, we investigated the variability in SOD activities among diverse advanced breeding lines and commercial muskmelon
cultivars grown in two different soil types—clay or sandy loam. Specific and total SOD activities varied significantly among
the genotypes (P ≤ 0.001), compared to soil type (P ≤ 0.055). Netted (cantaloupe) genotypes generally had the lowest SOD activities compared to the green- and orange-fleshed
honey dew types. Casaba type fruit had average SOD activities that were ∼ 1.6-fold greater than those of honey dew types,
and ∼ 9.0-fold greater than those of cantaloupe types. These data indicate there is useful genetic diversity among commercial
melon varieties and in exotic genotypes that could be used to develop C. melo as a functional food with enhanced SOD content. 相似文献
13.
Juan Fernando Pío-León Gabriela López-Angulo Octavio Paredes-López Magdalena de Jesús Uribe-Beltrán Sylvia Páz Díaz-Camacho Francisco Delgado-Vargas 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(3):181-187
Bromelia pinguin L. is a plant native to Sinaloa, Mexico, where its fruit is used as food or as a phytotherapeutic agent. The fruits of B. pinguin were characterized and they could be considered as a functional food. These fruits show an average weight of 13.7 g and a
yellow color of high luminosity (b* = 43.2, L* = 74.5). The values for acidity (4.6%, as citric acid) and pH (3.7) of B. pinguin fruit are similar to those of citrics. The edible portion is characterized by a high content of vitamin C (126 mg/100 g),
ash (10.6 g/100 g d.w.), crude fiber (3.4 g/100 g d.w.), calcium (1290 mg/100 g d.w.), magnesium (500 mg/100 g d.w.), manganese
(2.95 mg/100 g d.w.) and it is a good source of zinc (2.8 mg/100 g d.w.). Polar fractions extracted from the pulp fruit showed
activity against several genera of human pathogenic-bacteria (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia and Pseudomonas). 相似文献
14.
Lee BB Cha MR Kim SY Park E Park HR Lee SC 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(2):79-84
Organic solvent (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) extracts and water extracts of cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) blossoms were prepared, and antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. Methanolic CBE (100 μg/ml) showed the
highest total phenol content (104.30 μM), radical scavenging activity (34.2%), and reducing power (0.391). The effect of CBE
on DNA damage induced by H2O2 in human leukocytes was evaluated by Comet assay. All CBE was a potent dose dependent inhibitor of DNA damage induced by
200 μM of H2O2, methanolic CBE showed the most strong inhibition activity. The methanolic CBE of 500 μg/ml showed 38.8% inhibition against
growth of human colon cancer cell line HT-29. These results indicated that cherry blossoms could provide valuable bioactive
materials. 相似文献
15.
Keheyan G Dunn LA Hall WL 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(3):209-211
We investigated whether a single dose of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) can improve vascular function. A randomised controlled crossover trial was conducted on 14 young healthy men,
who received GBE or placebo. The digital volume pulse was monitored to measure reflection index (DVP-RI) and stiffness index
(DVP-SI) and peripheral augmentation index (pAIx) was assessed using radial pulse wave analysis at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 h
after treatment. DVP-SI was slightly higher 2 h following GBE compared to placebo (P < 0.05); other outcome variables were unaffected by treatment. 相似文献
16.
Tundis R Loizzo MR Menichini F Bonesi M Conforti F Statti G De Luca D de Cindio B Menichini F 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(3):261-269
The present study aimed to evaluate for the first time the phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin
content and the antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum small and C. annuum var. cerasiferum air-dried fruits. The ethanol extract of C. annuum var. acuminatum small, characterized by the major content of total poliphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and capsaicinoids, showed the highest
radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 152.9 μg/ml). On the contrary, C. annuum var. cerasiferum showed a significant antioxidant activity evaluated by the β-carotene bleaching test (IC50 of 3.1 μg/ml). The lipophilic fraction of both C. annuum var. acuminatum and C. annuum var. cerasiferum exhibited an interesting and selective inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 of 6.9 and 20.1 μg/ml, respectively). 相似文献
17.
Abdelkafi S Barouh N Fouquet B Fendri I Pina M Scheirlinckx F Villeneuve P Carrière F 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(1):34-40
Triacylglycerol (TAG) lipases have been thoroughly characterized in mammals and microorganisms, whereas very little is known
about plant TAG lipases. The lipolytic activity occurring in all the laticies is known to be associated with sedimentable
particles, and all attempts to solubilize the lipolytic activity of Carica papaya latex have been unsuccessful so far. However, some of the biochemical properties of the lipase from Carica papaya latex (CPL) were determined from the insoluble fraction of the latex. The activity was optimum at a temperature of 37°C and
a pH of 9.0, and the specific activities of CPL were found to be 2,000 ± 185 and 256 ± 8 U/g when tributyrin and olive oil
were used as substrates, respectively. CPL was found to be active in the absence of any detergent, whereas many lipases require
detergent to prevent the occurrence of interfacial denaturation. CPL was inactive in the presence of micellar concentrations
of Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetradecyl trimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and still showed high levels
of activity in the presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) and the zwitterionic Chaps detergent. The effects of various
proteases on the lipolytic activity of CPL were studied, and CPL was found to be resistant to treatment with various enzymes,
except in the presence of trypsin. All these properties suggest that CPL may be a good candidate for various biotechnological
applications. 相似文献
18.
Doolaege EH Raes K De Vos F Verhé R De Smet S 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):196-202
The absorption, distribution and elimination of carnosic acid, the main antioxidant found in rosemary was studied, in vivo, in rats. Therefore, carnosic acid was administrated in a single dose, intravenously (20.5 ± 4.2 mg/kg) and orally (64.3 ± 5.8 mg/kg),
to four and nine rats, respectively. Blood samples were collected at different time points, and plasma concentrations of carnosic
acid were determined using LC-MS. Furthermore, total collection of urine and feces was done during 4 h and 24 h for the intravenous
and oral administrations, respectively. After euthanizing the rats, intestinal content, liver and muscle tissue were sampled
to determine carnosic acid concentrations. The bioavailability of carnosic acid, after 360 min, was 40.1%. Traces of carnosic
acid were found in the rats intestinal content, liver and muscle tissue of abdomen and legs. The recovery of carnosic acid
in the feces, 24 h after oral administration, was 15.6 ± 8.2%. Carnosic acid is absorbed into the bloodstream after oral administration
in rats and is therefore bioavailable. It was found that carnosic acid in vivo is present in its free form and that its main elimination route is the fecal route. 相似文献
19.
Fares R Bazzi S Baydoun SE Abdel-Massih RM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(1):58-63
It is becoming increasingly evident that certain phytochemicals possess cancer chemopreventive properties. In this study,
the anti-proliferative activity of plant extracts from olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves was tested on human leukemic cell line (Jurkat). Cytotoxicity of various concentrations of plant extracts was examined
and the IC50 was determined. Olive leaf extracts showed concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effect as determined by the WST-1 proliferation
kit and [3H]-thymidine incorporation method. To study whether cell death was due to apoptosis, cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC
and PI and the expression of important regulatory proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and p53) involved in apoptosis were examined by Western
blot. The antioxidant activity of olive leaves (SC50 = 0.1 mg dry weight) was studied using the DPPH scavenging method. Present findings suggest that olive leaves extracts exhibit
anti-proliferative effect on leukemic cells by inducing apoptosis. 相似文献
20.
Faik A. Ayaz Hülya Torun Robert H. Glew Zehra D. Bak Luther T. Chuang Jack M. Presley Ronnie Andrews 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(4):286-292
Although the fruit of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L. Fabaceae) is nutritious and widely available in Turkey, especially in West and South Anatolia, much remains to be learned
about its nutrient composition. The main goal of our study was to determine if there are differences in the content of certain
nutrients in commercially-prepared carob flour (CPCP) and domestic or home-prepared carob powder (HPCP). Sucrose was the main
sugar in CPCP and HPCP. Total protein was 40% lower in CPCP than HPCP due mainly to decreases in the content of several essential
amino acids. However, except for lysine in CPCP, HPCP and CPCP compared favourably to a WHO protein standard. There were large
differences in terms of their content of the two essential fatty acids, linoleic and α-linolenic acid, and the linoleic acid/α-linolenic
acid ratio was 3.6 for CPCP, and 6.1 for HPCP. Manganese and iron were 2.5-fold higher in HPCP than CPCP. This study demonstrates
that carob flour prepared in either the household or industrially is a good source of many, but not all essential nutrients,
and that commercial processing of carob fruit into flour seems to affect its content of several important nutrients. 相似文献