Differences in the distribution of radiocesium in deciduous and evergreen fruit trees: A case study

We investigated the distribution of radiocesium (¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs) in three orchards in Tsukuba, 170 km southwest from the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant 9 months after the accident. The radiocesium was distributed mainly in the surface soil. The distribution of radiocesium differed between deciduous and evergreen plants. In deciduous blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton), the concentration was high in the old branches because the bushes had no leaves at the time of the accident. Therefore, the concentration per bush was greater in unpruned than in pruned bushes. More radiocesium was present in the trunk and rootstock of each bush, although the concentration was low. In evergreen Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow), the concentration was high in the leaves, and it was higher in old leaves that expanded before the accident than in new leaves that expanded after the accident, because the old leaves were contaminated by direct deposition of the fallout. However, the total radiocesium was higher in the new leaves than in the old leaves because of the greater amount of new leaves. The radiocesium concentration in fruits was higher in trees with fewer fruits than in trees with many fruits, but the total radiocesium in fruits was higher in trees with many fruits.     

当年肥料深施对生土棉花根-冠-土系统建成的影响

为探求当年生土最佳施肥方式,试验连续2年采用根管土柱法,研究不同肥料(N、P、N+P+K、有机肥、不施肥对照)、不同施肥深度(0—20cm,40—60cm,80—100cm土层)对生土棉花(Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus)根(根重)—冠(地上部生产力)—土(根际土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,根际土壤速效氮、速效磷和有机质)系统垂直构成的影响。结果表明:(1)有机肥明显提高生土棉花地上部生产力,但对根重发育没有明显优势;单施P肥明显改善生土棉花根重垂直分布,但明显抑制地上部生产力形成;NPK配施有利于协同生土棉花根—冠建成;(2)有机肥或含P肥,有利于提高生土棉花根际土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,提高生土棉花根际土壤速效氮、速效磷及有机质含量;(3)相关分析表明,生土棉花根土系统建成中,在酶促反应下,根系及土壤营养之间彼此互为促进,从而达到生土熟化;(4)因子分析表明,生土棉花根—冠—土系统建成的首要因素是根-冠系统,其次是根-土养分系统,根—土酶系统通过活化土壤养分而促进根—冠—土系统的良好构建;(5)聚类结果得出,当年生土棉花根—冠—土系统协调发展的最佳施肥方式是40—60cm土层单施有机肥或配施NPK肥。由此可知,当年生产见效并改良生土的最佳施肥方式是有机肥或NPK肥深施40—60cm。