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Kensuke Tanaka Shu Fujimaki Toru Fujiwara Tadakatsu Yoneyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):311-313
To obtain direct evidence for the translocation of cadmium (Cd) via the phloem, we measured the Cd concentrations in the phloem sap of 5-week-old rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kantou) treated with a nutrient solution containing Cd. The phloem sap was collected from the leaf sheaths through the cut ends of stylets of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.). Cd concentrations in the phloem sap from the plants treated with 10 and 100 µM Cd for 3 d were 4.6 ± 3.4 and 17.7 ± 9.8 µM, respectively. Detection of Cd in the phloem sap indicated that Cd was translocated via sieve tubes in rice plants. Cd concentrations in the xylem exudate collected from the cut basis of the leaf sheaths of the plants treated with 10 and 100 µM Cd for 3 d were 18.9 ± 6.4 and 64.2 ± 14.6 µM, respectively. Cd concentrations in the phloem sap were significantly lower than those in the xylem exudate, indicating that Cd is not concentrated during the transfer from xylem to phloem. To our knowledge, this is the first determination of Cd concentrations in the phloem sap of plants, and the first direct proof that Cd is translocated via sieve tubes in rice plants. 相似文献
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Junichi Yamaguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):367-383
Abstract It is well known that stem nodules are formed on the aerial parts of Aeschynomene spp. and Sesbania rostrata grown in the field (Yatazawa and Yoshida 1979; Dreyfus and Dommergues 1981; Yoshida et al. 1985). We have reported that stem nodules were successfully formed by inoculation of Rhizobium isolates derived from both stem and root nodules of A. indica (Yoshida et al. 1985; Sasakawa et al. 1986). The specific activity of nitrogen fixation in stem nodules is comparable to that of root nodules (Sasakawa et al. 1986; Sasakawa 1990). A red pigment, which suggests the presence of leghemoglobin, was detected in stem nodules as well as in root nodules (Yatazawa and Yoshida 1979; Yatazawa and Susilo 1980; Sasakawa et al. 1986). 相似文献
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Tomohiro TANAKA Nobuo SUZUI Hiroaki HAYASHI Tomoyuki YAMAYA Tadakatsu YONEYAMA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):102-106
The presence of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the rice sieve tube was examined. Proteins in the rice phloem sap from leaf sheaths were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidine difluoride membranes and immunoblotted with anti-GS1 antibody. A cross-reacting band, thought to be GS1, was detected in the phloem sap. Moreover, the phloem sap contained a significant amount of GS transferase activity. Previous studies have shown that the concentrations of substrates and cofactors in the rice phloem sap are sufficient for cytosolic GS reaction. These data suggest that physiologically active GS1 is present in rice phloem sap, which might convert glutamate to glutamine in vivo . 相似文献
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The uptake and transport of cadmium were studied using zinc deficient rice plants. As a result, these plants absorbed and transported cadmium more rapidly than normal rice plants. A zinc deficiency might bring about physiological changes which significantly increase the cadmium accumulation in the roots and its transport into the shoots. 相似文献
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[目的]硫是植物生长发育过程中所必需的营养元素,缺硫会阻碍植物生长发育,研究外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)对缺硫胁迫下小白菜GSH代谢的影响,为利用外源GSH减轻缺硫胁迫对植物造成的伤害提供理论依据.[方法]以小白菜为试验材料,采用营养液栽培方法,设正常供硫并喷施蒸馏水对照(CK)、缺硫喷施蒸馏水(H2O)、缺硫喷施25 mg... 相似文献
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Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu Naoki Kishimoto Junshi Yazaki Fumiko Fujii Kanako Shinbo Zempei Shimatani 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):771-775
Microarray analysis was carried out with mRNAs isolated from aerial portions of rice plants subjected to sulfur deficiency. Among the candidate clones regulated by sulfur deficiency, three genes were identified by northern analysis that showed altered levels of mRNA accumulation. Genes similar to those for ferritin, S-like ribonuclease, and DnaJ-like protein were down-, down-, and upregulated by sulfate deficiency, respectively. These genes were found for the first time to be responsive to sulfur nutrition in the present study. 相似文献
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Reiko Nishiyama Keitaro Tanoi Shuichi Yanagisawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):750-755
Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for human beings, and most Zn intake occurs through vegetables or cereals such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains. Recently, we detected Zn as well as cadmium, which may be partitioned to rice grains, in the phloem saps from the uppermost internodes of rice and in the xylem saps from the cut stems at early grain-filling. To quantify Zn transport to the grains via the phloem and xylem, a mathematical model previously developed for cadmium transport to rice grains was applied. We examined the translocation of zinc into the grains of rice plants at early grain-filling by feeding zinc-65 (65Zn) via a root-bathing medium, through culm cuts above and below the flag-leaf nodes, and through the flag leaves. The estimate made using the mathematical model and experimental data for three types of 65Zn transport suggests that the grain Zn may be accumulated predominantly via the phloem through two means of transport, phloem transport of stored Zn from the leaves and, more importantly, xylem-to-phloem transfer at the nodes from Zn as it is being absorbed. The Zn transport via the phloem to the grains is more selective than that of cadmium, a non-nutrient element, as also evidenced by the greater transport of cadmium to the glumes via the xylem. 相似文献
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溶液培养条件下研究硼对2个硼效率不同的棉花品种木质部、韧皮部中硼及其它矿质养分运输的影响。结果表明,缺硼使2个棉花品种木质部汁液硼含量及溢出量明显降低,低效品种降低幅度大于高效品种。供硼充足(0.5mg/L)时,2个棉花品种木质部汁液中硼浓度均小于培养液中硼浓度;缺硼(0.002mg/L)时,高效品种与低效品种木质部汁液硼浓度分别是培养液硼浓度的32.0和20.5倍。缺硼使2个棉花品种木质部汁液中钾、锰、铜、锌含量均升高,高效品种升高幅度较大;钙含量均降低,低效品种降低幅度较大;高效品种镁含量增高,低效品种降低。而2个棉花品种木质部各养分(钾、镁、钙、锰、铜、锌)溢出量均降低,低效品种降低更明显。无论在缺硼或供硼充足时,2个棉花品种韧皮部中硼浓度均极低,但韧皮部溢泌液中其它养分受缺硼影响品种间表现不同,高效品种韧皮部钾、镁、锰、铜溢出量升高,低效品种则降低;2个品种钙、锌溢出量均降低,低效品种降低幅度更大。 相似文献
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Akari Fukuda Yoshihisa Okada Nobuo Suzui Toru Fujiwara Tadakatsu Yoneyama Hiroaki Hayashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(8):1255-1262
The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of a major rice phloem-sap protein, designated as RPP23, was determined. The complete amino-acid sequence of RPP23 was deduced from the corresponding rice EST- clone and contained an extra 46 amino acids at the N-terminus, that was apparently cleaved off to form mature RPP23 in sieve tubes. RPP23 shared a similarity to plant small heat-shock proteins (smHSPs), though the N-terminal region of RPP23 was distinct from that of known smHSPs. Immunocytological analyses using leaf sections showed that RPP23 was located only in the phloem regions of leaves, and was present in non-stressed plants. In mature leaves, stronger immunocytological signals were detected in sieve elements than in companion cells. 相似文献
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供硫水平对花生叶片硫素含量与形态的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用盆栽方法研究了供硫水平对花生不同叶龄叶片的硫酸盐、谷胱甘肽和蛋白态硫含量及其形态的影响。结果表明,叶片谷胱甘肽含量随叶龄增大而减少,硫酸盐含量却相反。当硫素供应充足时,幼叶谷胱甘肽含量占总硫 4.6%,蛋白态硫含量占 91%,其余以硫酸盐形式存在;中龄叶及老叶的硫酸盐含量占总硫的60%~80%,而谷胱甘肽含量不到1%。当硫素供应不足时,幼叶和中龄叶含硫化合物总量减少,尤其是硫酸盐。因此,在缺硫时,谷胱甘肽不是植株硫的主要来源,且低氮加重缺硫症状发生。不同叶龄叶片对缺硫反应不同,幼叶对缺硫反应更为敏感。 相似文献
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We developed a model for plant available sulfur (S) in Ohio soils to predict potential crop plant S deficiency. The model
includes inputs of plant available S due to atmospheric deposition and mineralization of soil organic S and output due to
leaching. A leaching index was computed using data on annual precipitation; soil pH and clay content that influence sulfate
adsorption; and pore water velocity based upon percent sand, silt, and clay. There are five categories of S status ranging
from highly deficient to highly sufficient, and the categories are defined based on whether the crop S requirement was 15
or 30kg S ha−1 year−1. The final database derived from the model includes 1,473 soil samples representing 443 of the 475 soil series in Ohio. For
a crop requiring 15kg S ha−1 year−1, most soils (68.6%) were classified as variably deficient, which implies that the response to S fertilization will be variable
but often positive depending on specific crop conditions. For a crop requiring 30kg S ha−1 year−1, 43.2% of soils were classified as variably deficient, but 49.7% were classified as moderately or highly deficient, implying
that a response to S fertilization will usually or always occur. The model predicts crop S status for a single state in the
USA, but with proper inputs, it should be applicable to other areas. 相似文献
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Ho Ando Ken-ichi Kakuda Hiroshi Fujii Katsuya Suzuki Tatsuya Ajiki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):429-432
Abstract The ontogenetic changes of N, P, and K contents in leaves of rice, maize, soybean, adzuki bean, potato, and sugar beet were studied as the following results were obtained. 1. N content of rice and maize drastically changed at the primordia formation stage, while that of other crops did not show clear changes depending on the stage of growth. 2. P content of rice and maize was higher in upper leaves than lower leaves, but did not change appreciably in other crops. 3. K content of potato and sugar beet remained constant for a long period of time compared to other crops. 4. P-N relationship in rice and maize distinctly differed between upper and lower leaves; ratio of P content to N content of upper leaves was higher than that of lower leaves. 5. K-N relationship in potato and sugar beet was very different from that in other crops; K content remained constant regardless of the decrease in N content except for the lower leaves. Thus, as the P-N balance of rice and maize (Gramineae crops) and K-N balance of potato and sugar beet (root crops) showed distinctive characteristics compared to other crops, the physiological significance of the mineral balance must be further investigated. 相似文献
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Summary Several forests of varying elevations, soils and vegetation were studied to evaluate the relative importance of sulfonate S, amino acid S, and ester sulfate as constituents of soil organic S. Suflonate S exceeded 40% of total S in the O1 horizon of all but one site examined, and comprised at least 50% of total S in the O2 horizons of 14 out of 18 study sites examined. Sulfonate pool sizes, on a percentage basis, tended to decrease with increasing sample depth within the mineral horizons, but sulfonate S was still a major form of organic S in the C horizon. Amino-acid S pool sizes were, as a general rule, lower than those for sulfonate in the O1 and O2 horizons, and lower than those for both ester sulfate and sulfonate when mineral soil horizons were considered. In no case did amino-acid S represent>25% of total S. Amino-acid S decreased with increasing depth at all but one site examined. Ester sulfate pool sizes were generally less than those of sulfonate S and greater than those of amino-acid S. This trend was observed with the O1, O2, and A horizons, but it was not apparent with samples from the intermediate and lowest soil horizons, where ester sulfate levels exceeded those for sulfonate S in 4 out of 8 and 5 out of 14 sites, respectively, in these latter horizons. Although there were some exceptions, collectively, the data suggest that sulfonate S is a major form of organic S in forest soils, irrespective of depth. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1087-1103
Abstract An automated turbidimetric method has been developed for the rapid and accurate determination of sulfate. The method is practical and useful for accurately measuring total sulfur in plant tissues, and extractable sulfate in soils. The principle of intermittent reagent addition is used which eliminates drift and sensitivity changes caused by coating of BaSO4 on tubing and cell walls. Also, the appropriate chemistry is used to minimize interactions of the wash with the sample at a sampling rate of 30/H. The sensitivity of the method is excellent with a working range of 0 to 15 ppm sulfur for soils. For plant digests the sample solutions are diluted to 0–35 ppm S. The precision as determined by repeated analysis of a soil sample extract was 0.58% RSD with a mean of 9.26 pg/g extractable SO= 4‐S. On another soil sample using a different extractant and extraction procedure the RSD was 0.64%, mean of 9.26 μg/g. Multiple automated sulfur analyses on a plant tissue digest resulted in an RSD of 0.41% for a sample containing 0.21% S. The automated turbidimetric method for sulfate has excellent precision and sensitivity in plant tissue and soil analyses where gravimetric BaSO4 assays are not practical. 相似文献
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Abstract Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. hybrid 6C‐204) plants were grown for 95 days after germination until each one bore 6 ripe clusters in a greenhouse using nutrient solutions with nine added sulfate levels ranging from 0 to 105 me/1. Sulfur‐deficiency symptoms and characteristics of plants growing under hign SO4‐S levels were observed and described. Fruit yields were negatively affected by both S‐deficiency and high SO4‐S concentrations. Top growth was affected more than root growth by changes in the amount of SO4‐S supplied. The critical SO4‐S concentration in the growth media ranged from 2 a 22.5 me/1. Leaf sulfate‐S increased gradually in leaves and roots as SO4‐S supply in the nutrient solution increased while organic‐S remained relatively constant. Leaf sulfate‐S critical value was growth stage dependent. Maximum yields at flowering were associated with leaf concentrations of 0.48–1.2% SO4‐S and 0.25–0.35% organic‐S. 相似文献
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外源稀土对水稻伤流组分的影响 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
应用微区试验和伤流测定法研究了外源稀土对水稻根系合成氨基酸和激素的效应,以及对伤流中无机营养离子的影响。结果表明,在本试验条件下,土施低浓度稀土能促进根系合成,显著增加氨基酸总量和激素在伤流中的含量,提高营养离子的吸收;但高浓度稀土却有着明显的抑制效应。应用数学模拟的方法计算出稀土抑制氨基酸合成的半效应值(或50值)约为350~500mg/kg。稀土提高了伤流液中钙的含量,而对磷、钾的含量起抑制效应。 相似文献
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Little is known about the nature of organic sulfur (S) in soils of the Marsh in Schleswig‐Holstein, Northern Germany. In addition to total and inorganic S, we determined two organic S fractions (ester sulfate‐sulfur and carbon‐bonded sulfur) in 14 aerated mineral top horizons of two salt marshes and ten dyked polder soils of different age. All soils developed from marine sediments. Total S concen‐trations ranged from 153 to 950 mg kg—1. Organic S was the main S constituent (range from 53 to 99% with a median of 97%). Higher inorganic S levels were found only in the salt marshes due to soluble sulfate (15 to 47%). The younger marsh soils (salt marshes and soils of a polder dyked in 1978) had unique high S contents of 0.9 to 2.4% in their organic matter, whereas the S contents of the organic matter in older marsh soils were at only 0.6%. This S‐rich organic matter is a heritage of a former anoxic marine environment. In most horizons the carbon‐bonded S was the dominant sulfur form. However, both carbon‐bonded S and ester sulfate‐S did not relate to soil age. This limits the benefit of the wet chemical fractionation procedure used for studying the fate of organic S in marsh soils. 相似文献