基于GIS的土壤有机碳储量核算及其对土地利用变化的响应

土地利用变化是影响土壤有机碳储量变化的重要驱动因素,为了进一步探讨土地利用变化对土壤碳储量的影响,该文根据土壤样点数据、土壤类型图、土地利用类型图,分析了江苏省1985年和2005年表层土壤有机碳密度的变化以及土地利用变化对表层土壤有机碳密度的影响,主要结论如下：1）江苏省表层土壤有机密度的空间变化趋势为：黄淮平原生态区南北差异明显,北部的沂沭泗平原丘岗以增加为主,南部的淮河下游平原以减少为主;沿海滩涂与海洋生态区持平为主;而长江三角洲平原生态区表现不一：沿江平原丘岗生态亚区以增加为主,而茅山宜溧低山丘陵生态亚区和太湖水网生态亚区均表现为有机碳密度的减少;2）各地类表层土壤有机碳密度均有所增加;耕地-林地、草地;草地-林地、建设用地;建设用地-耕地、草地、林地;水域的转出以及未利用地的转出等转换类型有利于土壤碳储量的增加、其他地类间的转换会造成一定的碳排放。     

Soil organic carbon in some land uses of Costa Rica

The native vegetation in the Tropics is increasingly replaced by crops, pastures, tree plantations, or settlements with contradictory effects on soil organic carbon (SOC). Therefore, the general objective was to estimate the SOC stock depth distribution to 100-cm depth in soils of Costa Rica and to assess their theoretical carbon (C) sink capacity by different management practices. A study was established in three ecoregions of Costa Rica: the Isthmian-Atlantic Moist Forest (AM), the Pacific Dry Forest (PD), and the Montane Forest (MO) ecoregions. Within each ecoregion, three agricultural land uses and a mature forest were sampled to 100-cm depth. The SOC stock in 0–100 cm depth was 114–150 Mg C ha^?1 for AM, 76–165 Mg C ha^?1 for PD, and 166–246 Mg C ha^?1 for MO. Land use had only weak effects on SOC concentrations and stocks except at PD where both were lower for soils under mango (Mangifera indica) and pasture. This may indicate soil degradation which was also supported by data on SOC stratification. However, it was generally unclear whether differences among land uses within each ecoregion already existed particularly at deeper depths before land-use change, and whether the sampling approach was sufficient to investigate them. Nevertheless, about 26–71% of Costa Rica's total C emissions may be offset by SOC sequestration in agricultural and forest soils. However, ecoregion-specific practices must be implemented to realize this potential.     

土壤润湿性受土壤特性及土地使用的影响

Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered.     

耕地土壤有机碳组分的季节变化

Carbon fractions in soils apparently vary not only in space, but also over time. A lack of knowledge on the seasonal variability of labile carbon fractions under arable land hampers the reliability and comparability of soil organic carbon(SOC) surveys from different studies. Therefore, we studied the seasonal variability of two SOC fractions, particulate organic matter(POM) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC), under maize cropping: POM was determined as the SOC content in particle-size fractions, and DOC was measured as the water-extractable SOC(WESOC) of air-dried soil. Ammonium, nitrate, and water-extractable nitrogen were measured as potential regulating factors of WESOC formation because carbon and nitrogen cycles in soils are strongly connected. There was a significant annual variation of WESOC(coefficient of variation(CV) = 30%). Temporal variations of SOC in particle-size fractions were smaller than those of WESOC. The stocks of SOC in particle-size fractions decreased with decreasing particle sizes, exhibiting a CV of 20%for the coarse sand-size fraction(250–2 000 μm), of 9% for the fine sand-size fraction(50–250 μm), and of 5% for the silt-size fraction(20–50 μm). The WESOC and SOC in particle-size fractions both peaked in March and reached the minimum in May/June and August, respectively. These results indicate the importance of the time of soil sampling during the course of a year, especially when investigating WESOC.     

煤矿区土壤有机碳含量的遥感反演与分布特征

高光谱数据与多光谱影像结合能实现区域高精度、大面积的土壤有机碳含量反演。以山东省鲍店矿区表层0-20cm土壤有机碳含量为研究对象,采用波段平均法把高光谱的窄波段拟合成GF-1 WFV影像的宽波段,建立土壤有机碳含量的高光谱模型,进而通过比值订正法,将最优高光谱模型校正到多光谱模型并通过决策树分类获取土壤有机碳含量空间分布状况,结合土地利用现状分析土壤有机碳含量分布特征。结果表明:(1)通过波段拟合和比值订正获得的多光谱模型,检验决定系数为0.76,可以稳定实现矿区土壤有机碳含量的反演。(2)研究区土壤有机碳含量范围为0.71~38.15g/kg,均值为14.12g/kg,总体上处于中等水平;区域内土壤有机碳含量以11.60~17.40g/kg为主,其次是5.80~11.60g/kg,分别占据48%,29%。(3)采矿区和部分道路、居民点的有机碳含量偏高,耕地处于中等水平,林地和草地含量较低;塌陷地形成的水域周围有机碳含量明显偏低。     

Carbon stocks in Ethiopian soils in relation to land use and soil management

The effect of soil management and land use change are of interest to the sustainable land management for improving the environment and advancing food security in developing countries. Both anthropogenic changes and natural processes affect agriculture primarily by altering soil quality. This paper reviews and synthesizes the available literatures related to the influence of soil management and land use changes on soil carbon (C) stock in Ethiopia. The review shows that topsoil C stock declines approximately 0–63%, 0–23%, and 17–83% upon land use conversion from forest to crop land, to open grazing, and to plantation, respectively. An increase of 1–3% in soil C stock was observed within 10 years of converting open grazed land to protected enclosures. However, there was a little change in soil C stock below 20 cm depth. There is a large potential of increasing SOC pool with adoption of land restorative measures. Total potential of soil C sequestration with the adoption of restoration measures ranges 0·066–2·2 Tg C y⁻¹ on rain‐fed cropland and 4·2–10·5 Tg C y⁻¹ on rangeland. Given large area and diverse ecological conditions in Ethiopia, research data available in published literature are rather scanty. Therefore, researchable priorities identified in this review are important. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长期不同施肥和土地利用方式对塿土耕层碳储量的影响

利用土20年长期肥料定位试验研究了不同土地利用方式和施肥对土壤有机碳和无机碳储量变化的影响。试验包括休闲（Fallow, FL）、 撂荒（Setaside, SL）、 不施肥（CK）、 单施氮（N）、 氮钾（NK）、 磷钾（PK）、 氮磷（NP）、 氮磷钾（NPK）、 氮磷钾配合秸秆还田（SNPK）、 氮磷钾配合低量有机肥（M1NPK）和氮磷钾配合高量有机肥（M2NPK）11个处理。结果表明,CK和 FL 处理等质量耕层土壤有机碳储量仍维持在试验前水平,NP和 SL 处理显著提高了耕层土壤有机碳储量,年均增加分别达到 347 kg/hm2 和518 kg/hm2, 此4个处理等质量耕层土壤无机碳储量均较试验开始前（Initial soil, IniS）显著下降,尤其是NP处理显著低于其它3个处理。与IniS和CK相比,除NK处理外的所有施肥处理均显著地提高了等质量耕层土壤有机碳储量,其大小顺序为 M2NPKM1NPKSNPKNPKNPPKN,最大年均增加量为M2NPK 944 kg/hm2,最小为N 127 kg/hm2。施肥处理除PK和M2NPK处理外,其它处理等质量耕层土壤无机碳储量均较试验前明显降低,可能是由于土壤酸化所致。PK和M2NPK处理无机碳储量能够维持不下降,表明土壤无机碳和有机碳在适合条件下可能有某种关系。试验结果还显示,长期试验20年除M1NPK和M2NPK处理外,其它处理耕层土壤容重均明显高于试验开始前,表明等质量土壤碳储量与等深度碳储量相比可以更好地反映土壤碳的变化。     

The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter

The oxidative ratio (the ratio of moles of O₂ produced per mole CO₂ sequestered – OR) of the organic matter in the terrestrial biosphere governs the ability of the terrestrial biosphere to uptake CO₂. The value of OR is known to vary between environments, but it would also be expected to vary with management. This study measured the OR of plant and soil samples from the long‐term grassland plots on the Park Grass experiment at Rothamsted (SE England). The selected plots included those with different fertilizer inputs, including farmyard manure or inorganic fertilizers and an unfertilized control, each with and without lime. The measurements show that: (i) Use of inorganic fertilizer caused the OR of soil organic matter to increase. (ii) Farmyard manure (FYM) caused OR of the soil to increase but that of the vegetation decreased. (iii) Liming had the effect of decreasing OR and counteracting effects of fertilizer. (iv) The OR of the ecosystem increased with FYM application but decreased with inorganic fertilizer application. The global pattern in the use of organic amendments and inorganic fertilizers suggests that the likely impact of the predicted increase in global inorganic fertilizer use will result in a net decrease in the OR of the organic matter of the terrestrial biosphere, and an increase in its ability to act as a carbon sink. Corresponding increases in global FYM use and its impact upon global OR are unlikely to be large enough to counteract this effect.     

Soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon under different land use or land cover types

Soil aggregate stability (SAS) is an indicator for soil condition and is greatly influenced by land use or land cover (LULC) type and other soil and environmental attributes. This study investigated the soil aggregate-size distribution, SAS, aggregate-associated organic carbon (AAOC) and the relative importance of factors affecting SAS and AAOC. Based on conditioned Latin hypercube sampling, soil aggregate samples were collected from the “A” horizon and wet sieved into large macroaggregates (>2.0 mm), small macroaggregates (0.25–2.0 mm), microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) and mineral fraction (<0.053 mm). The large macroaggregates accounted for 86% to 93% of the total aggregates under all LULC types except under dry land (64%) and paddy land (35%). The SAS under different LULC decreased in the order fir > shrubland > natural grassland > orchard > blue pine > broadleaf > mixed conifer > dry land > paddy land. The AAOC of the large macroaggregates constituted for 76%–90% of the total AAOC under all LULC types except under dry land (65%) and paddy land (38%). While SAS was largely influenced by the AAOC of small macroaggregates, microaggregates and large macroaggregates and LULC type, the AAOC of different aggregate fractions was mostly affected by LULC type, altitude and slope. SAS did not exhibit any significant relationship with the AAOC of different aggregate fractions under the natural LULC types but showed a strong relationship under the agricultural land indicating that AAOC is more critical for SAS under the agricultural land than under the natural LULC.     

Effect of Land-Use History on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in a Mediterranean Catchment

The impact of land use on soil organic matter was investigated. Five land cover types (pine forest, olive groves, wheat, wheat/maize cultivation systems, and a shrub pasture) belonging to three land-use categories from the same catchment in the island of Lesvos, Greece, were used. The soils developed under similar pedogenetic processes and accepted similar agricultural practices for at least 30 years. The results showed that the land-use and cover types ranged according to their total soil carbon (C) content as follows: forest > double cultivation > wheat > olive > pasture. Crop plantations contained 31 to 40% less C at their upper 0- to 45-cm layer than forest. Pasture had shallow soils with a small C accumulation but high C concentration, whereas olive groves had the lowest concentrations of both soil C and nitrogen (N). Olive grove soils were the most prone to degradation but possessed the greatest potential for C sequestration.     

Characterization of organic matter fractions in the top layer of soils under different land uses in Central‐Eastern Europe

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in organic matter fractions, such as dissolved organic carbon and humic substances, in soils under different land uses. Soil samples were collected from the upper layer of arable lands and grasslands. Humic substances (HS) were chemically fractionated into fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA) and humins (HUM), and based on the separated fractions, the humification index (HI) and the degree of HS transformation (DT) were calculated. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined by cold (CWE) and hot water (HWE) extractions. Regardless of land use, the results indicated significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and HS composition, with HA and HUM as the dominant fractions. Total SOC was higher in grassland (median = 17.51 g kg^?1) than arable soils (median = 9.98 g kg^?1); the HI and DT indices did not differ significantly between land uses (HI = 0.3–10.3 and DT = 0.2–6.2 for grasslands, p > 0.05; HI = 0.3–3.9 and DT = 0.2–20.1 for arable lands, p > 0.05). This indicates the relatively high stability of organic carbon and efficient humification processes in both land uses. Additionally, in arable soils lower CWE‐C (0.75 g kg^?1) and higher HWE‐C (2.59 g kg^?1) than in grasslands (CWE‐C = 1.13 g kg^?1, HWE‐C = 1.60 g kg^?1) can be related to farming practice and application of soil amendments. The results showed that both labile and humified organic matter are better protected in grassland soils and are consequently less vulnerable to mineralization.     

土壤有机碳和活性碳的梯度分布及其对环境变化的反应

Based on data from a field survey in 2001 along the Northeast China transect （NECT）, a precipitation gradient, and a short-term simulation experiment under ambient CO2 of 350μmol mol^-1 and doubled CO2 of 700μmol mol^-1 with different soil moisture contents of 30%-45%, 45%-60%, and 60%-80% soil water holding capacity, the distribution of soil organic carbon and labile carbon along the NECT, their relationships with precipitation and their responses to CO2 enrichment and soil moisture changes were analyzed. The results indicated that the soil labile carbon along the gradient was significantly related to soil organic carbon （r = 0.993, P 〈 0.001）. The soil labile carbon decreased more rapidly with depth than organic carbon. The soil organic and labile carbon along the gradient decreased with decrease in longitude in both the topsoils and subsoils, and the coefficient of variation for the labile carbon was greater than that for the organic carbon. Both the soil organic carbon and labile carbon had significant linear relationships with precipitation, with the correlation coefficient of soil organic carbon being lower （0.677 at P 〈 0.001） than that of soil labile carbon （0.712 at P 〈 0.001）. In the simulation experiment with doubled and ambient CO2 and different moisture contents, the coefficient of variation for soil organic carbon was only 1.3%, while for soil labile carbon it was 29.7%. With doubled CO2 concentration （700μmol mol^-1）, soil labile carbon decreased significantly at 45% to 60% of soil moisture content. These indicated that soil labile carbon was relatively more sensitive to environmental changes than soil organic carbon.     

不同利用方式对棕壤有机碳垂直分布的影响

采用野外采样和室内分析的方法研究了林地、园地、耕地3种利用方式对典型棕壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)及重组有机碳(HFOC)在0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm 3层次中垂直分布的影响。结果表明,与林地相比,园地和耕地各层次的TOC含量和储量均显著下降;其分布份额和分布比则为园地中、下层略向上层转移,耕地则明显向中、下层转移。3种利用方式下POC的相对数量均随土层加深而递减,林地开垦为园地和耕地后,POC的相对数量仅在园地上、中层显著降低,分别减少6.67和1.70个百分点,而耕地则各层次均显著降低,其相对数量分别减少13.65、5.43和3.03个百分点;HFOC的相对数量随干预强度和土层深度增加而增大,耕地和园地比林地分别高出:上层5.77和4.00个百分点、中层10.44和6.40个百分点、下层7.35和3.92个百分点,且差异均显著。因此,将林地棕壤开垦为园地或耕地后应注重有机物料的投入,以减缓因开垦对有机碳所造成的损失和不尽合理的分布状况。     

土地利用与反季节水位波动影响下土壤活性有机碳的组分特征

为了研究消落带不同土地利用类型和水淹强度下土壤活性有机碳组分特征及其主要的影响因子,选取不同海拔高程(水淹强度)与不同土地利用类型的消落带土壤为研究对象,定量解析土地利用方式与水淹强度对三峡水库消落带土壤活性有机碳组分的影响,并分析土壤活性有机碳与土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明,消落带土壤活性有机碳含量总体上随着水淹强度的增强而减小。土地利用、水淹强度及其交互作用对土壤活性有机碳影响的解释度分别为22.1%,13.7%,9.3%;土壤微生物生物量碳主要受土地利用、土地利用与淹水强度交互作用的影响,对土壤微生物生物量碳影响对应的解释度分别为3.9%,0.6%;土壤可溶性有机碳与土壤颗粒有机碳主要受淹水强度的影响,其方差解释度分别为65.1%,5.5%。多元因子分析(MFA)结果表明,土壤活性有机碳组分MBC含量主要与EC具有显著的负相关关系,而不同水淹强度可能影响土壤理化性质中TN和C∶N,进而影响土壤活性有机碳组分DOC分布。土壤POC含量与SOC含量呈显著正相关,POC可被用来衡量消落带不同水淹强度下有机碳库变化的敏感性指标。     

土壤矿物吸附和土壤团聚体对土壤有机碳含量的影响研究

Soil organic carbon (SOC) can act as a sink or source of atmospheric carbon dioxide; therefore, it is important to understand the amount and composition of SOC in terrestrial ecosystems, the spatial variation in SOC, and the underlying mechanisms that stabilize SOC. In this study, density fractionation and acid hydrolysis were used to assess the spatial variation in SOC, the heavy fraction of organic carbon (HFOC), and the resistant organic carbon (ROC) in soils of the southern Hulunbeier region, northeastern China, and to identify the major factors that contribute to this variation. The results showed that as the contents of clay and silt particles (0--50 μm) increased, both methylene blue (MB) adsorption by soil minerals and microaggregate contents increased in the 0--20 and 20--40 cm soil layers (P < 0.05). Although varying with vegetation types, SOC, HFOC, and ROC contents increased significantly with the content of clay and silt particles, MB adsorption by soil minerals, and microaggregate content (P < 0.05), suggesting that soil texture, the MB adsorption by soil minerals and microaggregate abundance might be important factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of carbon contents in soils of the southern Hulunbeier region.     

鄱阳湖不同湿地植物群落光合碳储量及分配

稳定性碳同位素自然丰度(¹³C)表征生态系统碳循环关键过程,为了追踪陆地生态系统碳的动态及其分配,通过采用¹³C脉冲标记对不同植物光合碳分配及其向地下输入特征进行研究,探讨鄱阳湖不同湿地植物群落(藜蒿群落、水蓼群落、苔草群落和芦苇群落)连续4年(2015—2018年)光合碳储量及分配及其相关影响因素。结果表明:(1)2015—2018年土壤有机碳含量和有机碳储量平均值均呈一致的变化规律,其中以表层土壤最高,随土层深度的增加逐渐降低,20—40 cm以下土壤有机碳含量变化范围相对较小; 60—80 cm土壤有机碳含量最低; 土壤¹³C含量随土层深度的增加呈逐渐增加趋势,其中不同土层大致表现为藜蒿群落>水蓼群落>苔草群落>芦苇群落。(2)2015—2018年不同湿地植物群落土壤养分含量、地上和地下生物量平均值呈一致的变化趋势,均表现为藜蒿群落<水蓼群落<苔草群落<芦苇群落,不同植物群落差异均显著(p<0.05); 而全磷含量呈相反的变化趋势,不同植物群落差异均显著(p>0.05)。(3)脉冲标记当天不同植物¹³C值均表现为叶>茎>根>土壤,具体表现为藜蒿群落>水蓼群落>苔草群落>芦苇群落,这表明不同植物根部对光合固定新碳的富集程度较大。标记当天,不同植物地上¹³C固定百分比例较高,说明标记的效率较高且分配差异较大; 脉冲标记21 d后,¹³C值下降,固定的光合碳转移到土壤中的含量显著增加。(4)标记后植物-土壤系统各组分固定¹³C量占净光合¹³C总量分配比例呈现茎>叶>根>土壤的趋势,光合碳在不同植物各部分以及土体中都有所增加,主要集中在地上部分。(5)相关性分析结果表明,地上生物量与茎叶¹³C含量显著正相关(p<0.05),地下生物量与根和土壤¹³C含量显著正相关(p<0.05); 由此说明地上和地下生物量对光合碳的分配起着主导作用,有利于对地下碳平衡过程和固碳减排的理解。     

Do tillage and conversion of grassland to cropland always deplete soil organic carbon?

ABSTRACT

Conversion of grassland to cropland is widely reported to deplete soil organic carbon (SOC) largely due to tillage effects on the decomposition of SOC. However, most studies report on long-term changes in SOC following the conversion and little is known about the changes in the short term. Net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) measures the difference between total C input (i.e., manure, above- and below-ground plant residues) and C loss through heterotrophic respiration (RH). However, most studies that report temporal SOC do not report other components of the NECB like RH, total C inputs and often do not include the cumulative annualized change of these components. This review evaluated the change in C input, RH, NECB and SOC after conversion of permanent/continuous grassland to cropland within 5 years after the conversion. We also reviewed and compared no-tillage and conventional tillage on SOC storage and accumulation. Total C input was higher in grassland than cropland largely due to high root biomass, as opposed to aboveground residue, and therefore grassland tended to have higher NECB. Despite higher NECB in grassland, the SOC stocks in cropland (cornfield) converted from grassland were greater than that in continuous grassland within first 2–3 years of conversion. The combination of manure C addition and tillage in cropland showed potential to maintain NECB and increase SOC. Within the continuous grassland C addition alone increased NECB but did not result in a corresponding increase in SOC. Residue retention and manure addition are recognized as good practices for increasing SOC, this study however, shows that combining them with occasional tillage, especially in managed grasslands, could increase the rate of SOC storage in soils.     

Impact of agricultural land use on distribution of microbial biomass and activity within soil aggregates

The presence of aggregates of various sizes in the soil is an important condition for soil carbon sequestration. In this system, microbial biomass is a key link. This work was devoted to the study of the influence of land use systems on the distribution of SOС, MB-SIR, microbial activity and eco-physiological indices (qCO₂, QR, MB-SIR/SOС and qCO₂/SOС) in relation to the size of soil aggregates. The distribution of SOС, MB-SIR and mineralization activity among the aggregates was heterogeneous. In the soil of crop rotation, high mineralization activity and MB-SIR were found in the aggregates 0.5–0.1 mm, in the monoculture soil in aggregates <0.1 mm and in the control soil in the aggregates 1–0.25 mm. There was a general trend towards a decrease in microbial activity, MB-SIR and SOС availability with an increase in aggregate size. In agricultural soils, microbial activity was determined by large aggregates (>5 mm), while in the control soil, by the aggregates 5–1 mm. Depending on the type of site and the size of aggregates, the differences in microbial metabolism were revealed. The qCO₂ and QR values decreased, and the MB-SIR/SOС and qCO₂/SOС increased in the series: control soil > crop rotation > monoculture. In the control soil, the values of the eco-physiological indices decreased with decreasing aggregate size. And vice versa, in agricultural soils, these parameters were the highest in the microaggregates (<0.25 mm). The monoculture soil, in contrast to the control soil and crop rotation soil, turned out to be more energy efficient.     

The relative impact of land use and soil properties on sizes and turnover rates of soil organic carbon pools in Subtropical China

The dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools determine potential carbon sequestration and soil nutrient improvement. This study investigated the characteristics of SOC pools in five types of cultivated topsoils (0–15 cm) in subtropical China using laboratory incubation experiments under aerobic conditions. The sizes and turnover rates of the active, slow and resistant C pools were simulated using a first‐order kinetic model. The relative influence of soil environmental properties on the dynamics of different SOC pools was evaluated by applying principal component analysis (PCA) and aggregated boosted trees (ABTs) analysis. The results show that there were significantly greater sizes of different SOC pools and lower turnover rates of slow C pool in two types of paddy soils than in upland soils. Land use exerted the most significant influence on the sizes of all SOC pools, followed by clay content and soil pH. The soil C/N ratio and pH were the major determinants for turnover rates of the active and slow C pools, followed by clay content which had more impact on the turnover rates of the active C pool than the slow C pool. It is concluded that soil type exerts a significant impact on the dynamics of SOC.