深圳城市绿地土壤肥力质量评价及管理对策

城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,被称为城市的"肺"。城市绿地土壤通过其支持的植物、微生物和自身的功能,美化和净化城市环境,对城市的可持续发展具有重要意义。采集深圳市中心城区主要公园绿地、道路绿化带、住宅区绿地和单位附属绿地0～20cm,20～40cm土壤,研究了土壤质地、容重、孔隙度、阳离子交换量、pH、有机质、氮、磷、钾等物理化学性质。结果表明,深圳城市绿地土壤以砂壤和轻壤土为主,20～40cm土壤中松砂和紧砂土占有一定比例,土壤砾石含量高,重砾质土壤占91%以上;表层土壤(0～20cm)容重大,孔隙度小,阳离子交换量低;土壤pH较自然土壤明显增高,以中性和微酸性为主。土壤有机质处于较低的水平;全氮、碱解氮和全磷处于很低水平,有效磷处于中等水平;土壤全钾、速效钾处于中等或以上水平。0～20cm土壤中有机质、全氮、碱解氮显著高于20～40cm土壤。根据深圳城市绿地土壤质量状况,提出了加强深圳城市绿地土壤科学管理的措施和建议。     

基于废弃物的潞安煤矿废弃地改良土壤基质配比研究

为解决潞安矿区煤矸石山、塌陷地生态修复缺土少肥问题,本研究将粉煤灰、污泥与垃圾堆肥以5%、10%、20%体积比例正交混合配制改良土壤基质进行盆栽试验,观测不同配比土壤的理化性质、养分及重金属含量、高羊茅与紫叶小檗生长状况,并用主成分–聚类分析法筛选最优配比。结果表明:添加垃圾堆肥可以提高土壤有效养分与有机质含量,对土壤理化性质改良有明显效果;添加污泥仅提升土壤有效磷含量;添加粉煤灰在降低土壤容重、增大总孔隙度与非毛管孔隙度上效果明显,但对土壤p H、阳离子交换量(CEC)与碱解氮的改良具有显著负效应。各废弃物改良基质的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质等含量均较高,土壤重金属含量也处在安全范围,而土壤容重、非毛管孔隙、pH、电导率(EC)与CEC等指标性质较优的处理组为粉煤灰∶污泥∶垃圾堆肥∶土=5%∶20%∶20%∶55%、10%∶10%∶20%∶60%、20%∶5%∶20%∶55%3个处理。经过综合筛选,本研究基质最优混合配比为粉煤灰∶污泥∶垃圾堆肥∶土=5%∶20%∶20%∶55%,可作为当地矿区废弃地生态修复客土材料推荐方案。     

Physicochemical properties of the soils associated with shifting cultivation in Northern Thailand with special reference to factors determining soil fertility

Abstract

Recently agricultural activity in the mountainous area of northern Thailand has increased and problems relating to soil fertility have arisen. In order to gain basic information about the soil properties associated with shifting cultivation, physicochemical properties of the surface soils (0–10 cm) and subsoils (30–40 cm) were investigated in selected villages in the area. The physicochemical properties of the soils studied are summarized as follows: 1) The soils were rich in organic matter, content of which ranged from 11.4 to 63.3 g C kg^?1 in the surface soil. 2) The pH(H₂O) of the soils mostly ranged from 5 to 7 and soil acidity was more pronounced in the deeper horizons. In the surface soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg were generally dominant, whereas exchangeable Al was often predominant in the subsoils. 3) Most of the soils showed a medium to fine texture with more than 30% clay. The clay mineral composition was characterized by various degrees of mixture of kaolin minerals and clay mica with, in some cases, a certain amount of 2:1-2:1:1 intergrades. 4) According to the ion adsorption curves, most of the B horizon soils were characterized by the predominance of permanent negative charges. On the other hand, organic matter contributed to the increase of variable negative charges in the surface soils. The content of organic matter and the percentage of the clay fraction were essential for determining the CEC of the soils of the surface 10 and 30–40 cm depths, respectively. Under the field conditions, the composition of exchangeable cations largely reflected the soil acidity. In addition, the content of organic matter also showed a significant correlation with that of available N in the surface soils. Thus, soil acidity both in the surface soils and subsoils, organic matter content in the surface soils, and clay content in the subsoils were considered to be the main factors that affected soil chemical fertility in the area.     

城市垃圾等合成有机土壤的理化性质及其对茄子经济性状和产量的影响

系统研究了几种合成有机土壤的理化性质及其对茄子生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:人工合成有机土壤A组合,生活垃圾、羊粪、玉米秸、菜籽饼、粉煤灰及肥沃土壤容积比为0.20∶0.20∶0.10∶0.03∶0.07∶0.40,加入茄子专用肥发酵处理后,配制成人工合成有机土壤有利于茄子的生长发育。与对照(土壤栽培)比较,容重降低0.31g cm-3,总孔度、毛管孔度、空气孔度分别增加11.71%、4.80%和6.91%;自然含水量、蓄水量分别增加104.67g kg-1和94.93m3hm-2;有机质、速效N、P、K、CEC分别增加14.00 g kg-1、24.73mg kg-1、11.83 mg kg-1、42.91 mg kg-1和5.68 cmol kg-1;重金属离子Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb分别降低0.02 mg kg-1、0.03 mg kg-1、0.32 mg kg-1、0.54 mg kg-1;茄子株高、茎粗、单果重、单株果重、产量、产值、利润分别增加19.57 cm、0.34 cm、74.58g、0.55kg、19.01 t hm-2、1.63万元hm-2和1.05万元hm-2。不同处理间的差异显著性经LSR检验达到显著和极显著水平。     

吉林省东部低山丘陵区4种林分类型林地的土壤肥力分析

根据吉林省东部低山丘陵区汪清林业局金仓林场中4种主要林分类型(长白落叶松天然林、长白落叶松人工林、天然针阔混交林和天然阔叶混交林)的土壤肥力调查数据,分析和比较了4种林分类型林地的土壤物理和化学性质,并采用主成分分析评价了其土壤肥力状况。(1)随土壤深度增加,土壤容重和土壤pH值增大,而土壤含水量、阳离子交换量和养分含量减少,但其在不同林分下的变化程度不同;(2)林分类型对部分土壤化学性质(如土壤CEC、有机质、全氮和速效钾)影响显著。其中,天然针阔混交林的土壤含水量、土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、有机质含量及全氮、磷、钾含量均为最高;(3)采用主成分分析法对不同林分类型的林地土壤肥力状况进行了评价,结果发现土壤肥力状况为:天然针阔混交林>长白落叶松天然林>长白落叶松人工林>天然阔叶混交林。建议在经营现有的林分时,考虑近自然育林,及时进行林下补植更新,并营造针阔混交林,以改善该区林地土壤的肥力状况。     

Microbial ecology in tea soils

The soil chemical properties and microbial numbers in three volcanic ash soils and two non-volcanic ash soils, which had been continuously subjected to the same tea cultivation practices (21 y), were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1) pH values of all the soils gradually decreased from the original pH value (near neutral or mildly acid pH) to strongly acid values of about 4 or lower. In contrast, long-term tea cultivation practices resulted in the increase of the total C and N contents in the surface layers (0–20 cm) while the contents remained stable in the subsurface layers (20–40 cm). The increase in the organic matter content in non-volcanic ash soils was presumably due to the accumulation of microbial residues. The availability of P increased markedly. 2) Numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and denitrifiers were higher in volcanic ash soils than in non-volcanic ash soils, and also higher in surface layers than in subsurface layers. The results suggest that in spite of the same cultivation practices, the soil depth and soil type affected the microbial numbers in the tea soils. Numbers of autotrophic NH₄ ⁺ oxidizers were low in comparison with the numbers of autotrophic NO₂ ^- oxidizers. Influence of soil type and soil depth on autotrophic nitrifiers was not clear. 3) Total C and N contents in the tea soils were parameters closely related to the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi. For actinomycetes and fungi, the prediction could be more accurate, especially for total N content, if the estimations could be made within the same soil layers. The numbers per unit of C or N were higher in the surface layers than in the subsurface layers. 4) High concentration of NO₃ ^--N in the tea soils used suggests that nitrification could occur despite the low pH value (3.2-3.8). The negative relationship between the number of total bacteria or actinomycetes and soil NH⁴ ₊-N concentration suggests that some NH₄ ⁺-N was converted to organic microbial biomass-No.     

Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter and Cation Exchange Capacity in an Oxisol under Different Land Uses

ABSTRACT

Soil properties may exhibit large spatial variability. Frequently this variability is auto-correlated at a certain scale. In addition to soil-forming factors, soil management, land cover, and agricultural system may affect the spatial variability of agricultural soils. Soil organic matter (OM) is an important soil property contributing toward soil fertility and a key attribute in assessing soil quality. Increasing soil OM increases cation exchange capacity (CEC) and enhances soil fertility. We analyzed the impact of land use on the spatial variability of OM and CEC in a tropical soil, an Oxisol, within São Paulo state, Brazil. Land uses were prairie, maize, and mango. Soil samples were taken at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths at 84 points within 1-ha plots, i.e., 100 m × 100 m. Statistical variability was higher for soil OM than for CEC. The mango plot contained the highest soil OM, whereas prairie the lowest. Also, soil OM and CEC were significantly related at all land use treatments and depths studied. All soil OM data sets and most of the CEC data sets (with two exceptions) exhibited spatial dependence. When spatial variability was present, the semivariograms showed a nugget effect plus a spherical or an exponential structure. Patterns of soil OM and CEC spatial variability (i.e., model type, ranges of spatial dependence, and nugget effects) were different between land uses and soil depths. In general, CEC exhibited a lower spatial autocorrelation and a weaker spatial structure than soil OM. Moreover, soil OM displayed a higher autocorrelation and was more strongly structured at the 0–10 cm depth than at the 10–20 cm depth. Interpolation by kriging or inverse distance weighting (IDW) allowed to illustrate how the spatial variability of soil OM and CEC differed due to land cover and sampling depth. Modeling and mapping the spatial distribution of soil OM and CEC provided a framework for spatially implicit comparisons of these soil properties, which may be useful for practical applications.     

Assessment of seafood processing wastes as alternative sources of Selenium in plant production

Abstract

In some parts of the world, the soil selenium (Se) content is too low to ensure the Se level recommended for human or animal consumption in the crops produced. In order to secure a desired concentration of Se in crops, Se has been applied as mineral fertilizer to agricultural fields. Since only a minor part of the inorganic Se applied is utilized by plants and small increases in Se concentrations in, e.g., drinking water, may be toxic, the method is somewhat controversial. As an alternative to Se-enriched mineral fertilizer, different seafood-processing wastes have been examined as a source for Se in crop production. Both in greenhouse pot experiments and field trials the Se in seafood waste was not plant-available during the first growing season. There was no significant difference between the Se concentration in wheat growing in soil without added Se and in soil receiving Se from seafood waste in amounts ranging from 0.9 to 9 g ha^?1. Neither was any residual effect of Se in seafood waste seen during a second year growth period. Thus, seafood-processing waste cannot be regarded as a potential source of Se in crop production. Possible mobilization of formerly applied Se, as seafood-processing waste or Se enriched mineral fertilizer due to changes in soil redox conditions were examined in a leaching experiment. The mobility of formerly applied Se was generally very low, but the results indicated that under permanently wet soil conditions leaching of Se may occur in plant dormant periods in soils with low organic matter content and high pH.     

土壤渗透参数空间变异性及其影响因子研究

土壤渗透参数的空间变异性是地形因子以及土壤理化性质综合作用的结果,是影响水以及溶质迁移转化的关键因素。在坡地随机布设24个点位,测定30cm土壤的渗透参数、地形指数、容重、颗粒组成、有机质、交换性钠、CEC(阳离子交换量)和ESP。在经典统计学以及Kolmogorov—Smiromov(K—S)正态分布检验概率(Pk—s)检验基础上对数据进行了空间结构分析。结果表明,Kfs、容重、砂粒、黏粒、有机质、CEC等符合正态分布,交换性钠和ESP等属于对数正态分布;粉粒属于均匀分布;Kfs、容重、砂粒、黏粒、有机质、交换性钠和ESP等空间结构明显,CEC空间变异性较大;并以相关分析和主成分分析相结合的方法,分析了土壤渗透参数空间变异的主要影响因子。     

Soil Chemical Attributes of Amazonas State,Brazil

Amazonas State is the largest state in Brazil and mainly covered by tropical forest. Because of the importance of the tropical forest in maintaining soil health and a clean environment, conservation of the Amazon forest is a national priority. However, sustainable agriculture development is necessary in the state for the welfare of the local population. Maintaining soil fertility at an adequate level is an important component of sustainable farming. Very little information is available about soil fertility of Amazonas State. The objective of the present study was to evaluate chemical soil properties of Amazonas State of Brazil. Results include chemical properties of 3,340 samples, covering 62 municipalities of the state collected at 0–20 cm deep during 30 years (1975–2005). Chemical properties [phosphorus (P), potassium (K) extracted with Mehlich 1, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al) extracted with potassium chloride (KCl) 1.0?mol L^?1, potential acidity (H + Al) extracted with calcium acetate, and base saturation] presented great variation, except cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH (water). Most of the soil samples were characterized as having high acidity; medium level of organic‐matter content; low levels of P, K, Ca, and Mg; and high levels of Al and H + Al. Overall, base saturation was less than 20%, a value considered very low for most of annual crops. Soils from upland areas were more acidic and have poor fertility compared with lowland soils. To maintain sustainability of cropping systems, use of an adequate level of liming and chemical fertilizers are necessary on these soils.     

长期不同施肥方式对华北地区温室和农田土壤团聚体形成特征的影响

土壤的团聚状况是土壤重要的物理性质之一,团聚体数量是衡量和评价土壤肥力的重要指标。施用有机肥是提高土壤有机碳(SOC)含量、促进土壤团聚体形成和改善土壤结构的重要措施。本文以华北地区曲周长期定位试验站的温室土壤和农田土壤为研究对象,运用湿筛法,对比研究施用化肥(NP)、有机肥加少量化肥(NPM)、单施有机肥(OM)3种施肥方式对温室和农田两种利用方式土壤水稳性团聚体含量、分布和稳定性的影响,以提示施肥措施对不同土地利用方式土壤水稳性团聚体特征的影响。结果表明:在温室土壤和农田土壤中,OM处理较NP和NPM处理显著降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤有机质含量(P0.05),且在0~10 cm土层中效果最为明显。其中在温室土壤0~10 cm土层,单施有机肥处理(OM1)的土壤容重为1.17 g·cm~(-3),分别较施用化肥(NP1)和有机肥加少量化肥(NPM1)处理降低12.0%和8.6%,OM1的土壤有机质含量为54.81 g·kg~(-1),较NP1和NPM1增加104.8%和35.7%;在农田土壤0~10 cm土层,单施有机肥处理(OM2)的土壤容重为1.19 g·cm~(-3),较施用化肥(NP2)、有机肥加少量化肥(NPM2)分别降低8.5%和7.0%,OM2的土壤有机质为22.67 g·kg~(-1),较NP2、NPM2分别增加23.1%和15.0%。温室土壤和农田土壤中,0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~40 cm层土壤团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均为OMNPMNP;OM处理下水稳性团聚体的分形维数(D)值最低,NP处理下最大。OM处理显著降低0~20 cm土层内水稳性团聚体的D值,表层0~10 cm土层效果最为明显,土壤结构明显得到改善;相比农田土壤,温室土壤稳定性指标变化最为明显,团聚体结构改善效果最好。土壤有机质含量与0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量间呈极显著正相关关系(P0.001),说明土壤有机质含量越高,0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的含量就越高,土壤团聚体水稳性越强,土壤结构越稳定。因此有机施肥方式能在补充土壤有机碳库和有效养分含量的同时,显著增加土壤中大团聚体的含量及其水稳性,是提高华北平原农田土壤、尤其是温室土壤结构稳定性和实现土壤可持续发展的有效措施。     

Spatial and Fractal Characterization of Soil Chemical Properties and Nutrients across Depths in a Clay-Loam Soil

Researchers assessed the spatial distribution of soil chemical properties and nutrients at four depths in a clay loam soil cropped to corn and soybean at Freeman farm of Lincoln University. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm in a 4.05-ha field and analyzed for acidity or basicity (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), organic matter (OM), base saturations on the CEC, ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃^?), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Results showed that coefficients of variation (CV) ranged between 5 and 30%, except for TC, NO₃^?, and Zn, which had greater CVs. Soil chemical properties and nutrients responded to exponential, linear, Gaussian, and spherical variogram models with nugget-to-sill ratios ≤ 1.0 and effective ranges from 4 to 56 m. Fractal analysis showed that CEC in all depths belonged to the 1.99 ≥ D3 ≥ 1.90 group, which suggests great disorder and antipersistence in the spatial structure.     

稻田植茶后土壤团聚体水稳性变化特征及影响因素分析

采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,研究名山地区稻田植茶后土壤团聚体水稳性变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:稻田及植茶后的土壤水稳性团聚体含量在各粒径及土层间表现不同,稻田、茶园5年和10年土壤水稳性团聚体含量总体上随着粒径的减小呈先降低后上升的趋势,茶园15年水稳性团聚体含量则随着粒径的减小逐渐增加。从不同土层来看,在0—20,20—40cm土层中,随着稻田植茶年限的增加,土壤团聚体含量以2mm粒径团聚体为主转变为以0.25mm粒径团聚体为主,而在40—60cm土层中,总体上0.25mm粒径团聚体占据着主要地位;在0—20cm和20—40cm土层,稻田植茶后土壤团聚体水稳性逐年下降,由大到小依次为水稻田茶园5年茶园10年茶园15年,而在40—60cm土层,土壤团聚体水稳性由大到小依次为茶园5年茶园10年水稻田茶园15年,不同土层中团聚体的水稳性与0.25mm粒径团聚体含量呈正相关关系。稻田及稻田植茶后的土壤团聚体水稳性受土壤的理化性质影响,其中受0.25mm粒径团聚体含量、土壤容重、总孔隙度的影响较显著。就所测养分而言,稻田土壤团聚体的水稳性影响因素为有机质和游离氧化铁,茶园5年的影响因素为有机质和阳离子交换量(CEC),茶园10年的影响因素为有机质、CEC和有效磷含量,而茶园15年的影响因素主要是CEC含量。     

The influence of straw ash on some soil properties that can affect herbicide performance

During autumn 1982, soil samples were collected from 15 winter cereal fields in central and southern England. The soils either contained ash resulting from the burning of straw in the field or were ash free. Ash containing soils had much higher adsorption levels (measured as Kd values for chlortoluron) than ash-free soils. There were smaller differences in organic matter, pH and nutrient content between the 2 soil groups. There was a better correlation between adsorption and organic matter content for ash-free soils than for soils containing ash. The ratio of adsorption level to organic matter content for ash soils was almost twice that for ash-free soils. It was concluded that ash can make a substantial contribution to herbicide adsorption on minimally cultivated soils and that this could affect herbicide performance. In a tillage experiment where ploughing was followed by direct drilling, adsorption levels increased much more rapidly than organic matter.     

不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析

以四川盆地西缘山地的典型坡面为材料，研究了不同土地利用方式和地形部位条件下土壤物理性质和养分的分异特征，结果表明，3个坡面地形部位(上坡位，中坡位，下坡位)，下坡位土壤物理结构性能较好，而人工林与坡耕地、荒草地相比较，人工林更能增强土壤的结构性。土壤养分分异特征表明，在不同利用类型条件下。土壤有机质、氮素和阳离子交换量CEC在人工林中含量最高，且与其他两种利用类型中的含量差异显著，有机质、碱解氮和CEC三者含量差异达到极显著水平。相关分析表明，土壤表层有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著正相关。而坡面位置中，与上坡位，中坡位相比，下坡位土壤养分含量普遍要高，其中CEC含量差异达到极显著水平，相关分析表明，CEC与土壤粘粒呈极显著正相关。结果说明土壤物理性质与养分特征在坡面上的分异特征是山地坡面利用类型与地形部位共同作用的结果。     

云南红壤坡耕地烤烟生长季土壤养分迁移特征

为实现坡耕地土壤保育和可持续利用，探究了云南红壤坡耕地烤烟生长季土壤主要养分迁移特征。结果表明：红壤坡耕地剖面土壤pH、阳离子交换量（CEC）及主要养分含量随土层深度的增加线性降低，土壤容重则线性增加，碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量在30 cm土层以下变幅较小；随着烤烟生育期进程，剖面土壤化学性质均有不同程度的提高。红壤坡耕地烟田垄土和冲积土主要养分含量随坡位自上而下呈降低趋势，垄土降幅小于冲积土，且相同坡位土壤团聚体结构的有机质含量以垄土较高。红壤坡耕地不同坡位烟株生长特性表现为下坡位>中坡位>上坡位。总体上，云南红壤坡耕地土壤主要养分在耕作层（30 cm）以下下移潜力较弱，坡位因素会加速上坡位土壤贫瘠化。     

Landscape and Land‐Use Effects on the Spatial Variation of Soil Chemical Properties

The current study addressed the spatial variation of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), extractable phosphorus (EP), and extractable potassium (EK) in agricultural soils of a representative region, northeast China. Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the effects of landscape attributes and land use were also investigated. The techniques used included conventional statistics, geostatistics, and geographic information systems (GIS). Our study demonstrated that EP had the greatest coefficient of variation (CV), and CEC had the least CV. The experimental semivariograms of the five soil chemical properties included in this study were all fitted with exponential models. The five soil variables all showed moderate spatial dependence. The SOM, EK, and CEC decreased with increasing altitude. Significant negative relationships were found between the slope gradient and EP, EK, and CEC. Relatively steeper slopes might result in greater soil erosion, which leads to a decline in soil nutrients. Soil types had significant impacts on all soil chemical properties, which reflect the effect of the parent soil material. In general, the mean values of soil variables for vegetable land were statistically greater than those for upland and paddy fields. After being divided into two parts along the Yinma River, soil samples of the western part have statistically greater SOM, EP, EK, and CEC values than those collected from the eastern part.     

Relationships between important soil variables in moderately acidic soils (pH ≥5.5) in the highlands of Papua New Guinea and management implications for subsistence farmers

The fertility of farmed soils in parts of the Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlands reputedly has been declining for some time owing to population pressure. To assess the extent of the problem, a survey of sweet potato gardens was conducted across four of the highlands provinces and information on soil variables was obtained for gardens on soils of volcanic and non-volcanic origins. In the absence of fertilizer application, soil fertility in the humid tropics is largely a function of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soils of low CEC had previously been reported in this region. In the present study, relationships between effective CEC (ECEC) and other soil properties in moderately acidic soils (pH 5.5–6.3) were investigated to see if there was scope for improving soil cation retention characteristics through management of key soil variables. For volcanic soils of varying allophane content, ECEC was, unexpectedly, negatively correlated with soil C and soil C/N, most probably because of the formation of humus–allophane complexes which had facilitated organic matter accumulation whilst dramatically reducing the free negative charges on the material. Given the latter outcome, the indigenous practice of heaping compost in the centre of soil mounds appeared to be one of the best strategies for circumventing the problem of low CEC, as nutrients in the compost are held in an environment virtually independent of the surrounding soil mineralogy. Although the positive correlation between soil pH and soil ECEC was weak for volcanic soils, it was concluded that liming might nevertheless be an effective means of enhancing the nutrient retention characteristics of these soils provided the practicalities and costs were not prohibitive.     

Soil microbial biomass and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity in Japanese acidic tea field soils

The soil microbial biomass (SME) content and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity in 21 acidic tea field soils in Japan were determined. SM 3 content in the tea field soils was quantitatively similar to that in 13 arable soils with neutral soil pH previously reported. However, the ratio of the SMB content to organic matter content in the tea field soils classified as red-yellow soil, brown forest soil, and lithosol was clearly lower than that in the neutral arable soils classified as non-volcanic ash soil. FDA hydrolytic activity in the tea field soils was higher than the activity in various soils with neutral soil pH and showed a negative relationship with the soil pH.     

东北地区黑土硫的分布特征及其与土壤性质的关系

在兼顾土壤样点空间分布相对均匀的前提下,采集了中国东北地区具有代表性的黑龙江省北安市、海伦市和吉林省公主岭市的黑土样,对这些地区的黑土中硫素含量进行了分析。结果看出,不同地区黑土中全硫含量存在明显差异,其全硫含量依次为北安(北部黑土)海伦(中北部黑土)公主岭(南部黑土)。随剖面的加深,自上而下土壤全硫都呈下降的趋势,但在145cm深处升高。全硫在开垦前期呈下降趋势,随着开垦年限的增加,土壤全硫含量下降逐渐趋于平稳。相关分析表明,土壤全硫与土壤有机质等指标都达到了显著或极显著相关水平。黑土中三种形态有机硫含量占全硫含量的78％。