The Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands in a South African Forest Nursery

Tests of several fumigants which control Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands under field and glasshouse conditions are reported. The soil fumigant basamid is the cheapest effective treatment available, at present. The implications of failure to control Phytophthora cinnamomi for forestry, agriculture and the indigenous flora are briefly discussed.     

Forest management educational needs in South African forestry companies

South Africa is a world leader in the forest products industry and this industry contributes significantly to the country's economy. Challenges to the industry's future include land reform, water use, global competition, regulations, outsourcing and privatisation (the decreased role of government in forest management). These issues impact forestry skills, jobs and education. As part of the Department of Forest and Wood Science's curriculum revision at Stellenbosch University, a survey was sent to forest industry representatives to better understand the transition in forestry and what is expected from upcoming forestry graduates, specifically in business and economic-related studies. Major issues that surfaced included skill shortages, timber supply constraints and land/legal issues. The most important skills lacking in future foresters were people and business management skills. The survey results confirm that, although forest managers still need a core technical toolbox, they are also required to address multiple issues and require a broader 'package' of skills.     

The Use of Dazomet for Partial Sterilization of Forest Nursery Soils

Experiments in Scottish and English forest nurseries compareddazomet with formalin as partial soil sterilants for coniferseedbeds. In most cases, the more easily handled dazomet notonly proved to be an acceptable alternative to formalin forimproving seedling growth and yield but also gave excellentweed control. Results from a large-scale trial in a Scottishnursery confirmed these findings and showed that the higherchemical cost of dazomet sterilization could be offset by reducedweeding costs. Dazomet treatment recommendations have been derivedfrom the trials.     

Mycorrhizal associations in the rain forest of South Cameroon

Mycorrhizal associations of important tree species were investigated within the research area of the Tropenbos Cameroon Programme (TCP), situated on the western portion of the Atlantic Biafrean forest of south Cameroon. Ninety-seven tree species of economic, social, and ecological importance, and three lianas were selected in three sites that differed in altitude, soil clay content, and soil pH. In each site plots were laid out in undisturbed forest. In each plot, seedlings, saplings, juvenile, and mature trees were identified to species level and counted; girth at breast height measured and basal area calculated; root samples were taken and examined for mycorrhizal type and extent of mycorrhizal colonization.

All 100 species investigated were mycorrhizal. Tree of 74 species formed exclusively arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM); 23 trees and three Gnetum species formed ectomycorrhizas (ECM). Five of these ECM plants also harbored AM structures. Extent of mycorrhizal root colonization showed large differences for various AM trees; however, colonization of more than half of these trees was less than 25%. Colonization of ECM trees was often higher than 75%. The contribution of ECM trees to basal area varied between 19 and 35%. ECM trees often occurred in small to large clumps. In sustainable forest management plans, existing ECM forest clumps should be given special conservation value.     

菌根菌剂在华南地区林业及农业上的应用

菌根现象在自然界中具有普遍性，而菌根在华南地区植物上具有广泛的应用前景，文章主要论述了菌根菌剂在华南地区主要造林树种和珍贵乡土树种及经济作物上的接种应用效果及应用前景。     

浙江天童常绿阔叶林中马尾松菌根研究

通过对浙江天童常绿阔叶林中马尾松的菌根研究,比较分析了马尾松在不同样地及不同季节菌根感染率的状况,结果表明,菌根感染率与季节及样地类型有密切的联系,12月份左右,在裸地中菌根感染率较低,只有2.67%;而7月份左右,在马尾松林中,菌根感染率达到了76%.其次,通过一年多对各样地子实体的采集研究和实验室分析,确定在这个阔叶林中与马尾松共生的菌根真菌共4科6属8种,其中硬皮马勃科（Scleroderrnataceae）豆马勃属（Pisolithus）的彩色豆马勃（P.tinctorius（Pers.））和大包硬皮马勃（S.bovista Fr.）以及红菇科（Russulacese）乳菇属（Lactarius Dcex Gray）的松乳菇（L.deliciosus（L.ex.Fr）Gery）分布较广泛,在多数样地中均可找到相应的子实体.最后,本文通过菌根在生态系统中的作用,初步探讨了菌根与常绿阔叶林整体退化机制之间的关系.     

轮作对林业苗圃地土壤磷组分的影响

对林业苗圃地连作、轮作条件下土壤磷组分进行了3a的研究,结果表明,在同等施肥情况下,连作培育杉木苗、酸枣苗、厚朴苗以及杉木与酸枣、厚朴轮作土壤全磷基本不变,而杉木连作土壤有效磷降幅最大.连作土壤中土壤无机磷组分O-P、Al-P、Fe-P略有增加,轮作土壤略有降低.连作土壤有机磷组分略有降低,轮作土壤略有增加.由于施用了有机肥,杉木与烟草、水稻、萝卜轮作土壤有机磷组分增幅较大,O-P、Al-P、Fe-P组分则有不同程度的降低.     

关于黑龙江省森工推进苗圃建设快速发展的建议

育苗事业是林业建设中最基础和最具有长远意义的工作,苗圃建设与管理是保证苗木供应的核心。本文对近年来育苗工作的基本情况作了简要的介绍,指出存在的问题,并就如何推进苗圃建设快速发展提出建议。     

现代森林生态旅游需求：文化·保健·知识

从现代森林生态旅游需求出发,分别从文化、保健与知识分析人类对森林的需求,提出文化、保健与知识的需求是森林生态旅游的源动力,为森林生态旅游规划与设计提供理论支撑。     

绿色植物生长调节剂在经济林及林业育苗、造林中的应用研究

GGR系列是适合林区林业生产的一种新型高效的绿色植物生长调节剂,它的应用效果远远优于目前应用的植物激素及复合型的植物生长调节剂,而且投资少、见效快。     

会泽县天然林保护工程森林抚育设计的探讨

文章从设计原则、设计依据、设计理念出发,对会泽县天然林保护区内4000hm2森林面积进行抚育设计。     

Forest variable estimation using photogrammetric matching of digital aerial images in combination with a high-resolution DEM

Abstract

The rapid development in aerial digital cameras in combination with the increased availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) provides a renaissance for photogrammetry in forest management planning. Tree height, stem volume, and basal area were estimated for forest stands using canopy height, density, and texture metrics derived from photogrammetric matching of digital aerial images and a high-resolution DEM. The study was conducted at a coniferous hemi-boreal site in southern Sweden. Three different data-sets of digital aerial images were used to test the effects of flight altitude and stereo overlap on an area-based estimation of forest variables. Metrics were calculated for 344 field plots (10 m radius) from point cloud data and used in regression analysis. Stand level accuracy was evaluated using leave-one-out cross validation of 24 stands. For these stands the tree height ranged from 4.8 to 26.9 m (17.8 m mean), stem volume 13.3 to 455 m³ ha^?1 (250 m³ ha^?1 mean), and basal area from 4.1 to 42.9 m² ha^?1 (27.1 m² ha^?1 mean) with mean stand size of 2.8 ha. The results showed small differences in estimation accuracy of forest variables between the data-sets. The data-set of digital aerial images corresponding to the standard acquisition of the Swedish National Land Survey (Lantmäteriet), showed Root Mean Square Errors (in percent of the surveyed stand mean) of 8.8% for tree height, 13.1% for stem volume and 14.9% for basal area. The results imply that photogrammetric matching of digital aerial images has significant potential for operational use in forestry.     

黔东南林区的生态环境

黔东南林区是贵州木材的主要产地，也是全国杉木的中心产区之一。该区林用土地潜力巨大。探讨其生态环境宜林宜杉的突出特点，为充分开发利用这片沃土提供依据。     

丹江口库区主要森林类型树干茎流研究

对丹江口库区马尾松林、柏木林和栎类阔叶林3种主要森林类型及单木树干茎流特征进行了研究,结果表明:3种森林类型树干茎流率为0.58%～7.69%,树干茎流量与降水量成线性相关,回归方程达到极显著水平;不同树种间的树干茎流量差异显著,影响树干茎流量的主要因子是冠型结构、胸径、树皮特征和分枝角度。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区苗木产业发展存在的问题及对策研究

内蒙古大兴安岭林区依据转型规划,转变经济发展方式,依托林区种苗行业的资源和技术优势,面向市场,主动承接周边地区城市园林绿化及林区外生态治理项目,建设一批带动能力强、经济效益好的绿化苗木示范基地势在必行。结合内蒙古大兴安岭林区苗木产业发展现状,分析林区苗木产业发展的机遇和存在的问题,研究林区苗木产业发展策略,实现林区种苗产业发展基地化、规模化和产业化,打造东北地区乃至全国最大的苗木产业基地有重要意义。     

广州市城市森林可持续发展网络与生态保育研究

经过多年来的建设与发展,广州市林业的发展方式已由注重数量的增加向森林质量的提高与布局合理的阶段转变．分析了与国内外先进城市相比还存在着的绿化总量不足、绿化质量有待提高、有关工程项目建设力度需要继续加强等差距．提出了城市发展的一大战略二大目标三大体系四大平台五大关键技术的战略构想．其重点建设工程为森林生态工程、林产业富民工程、森林文化工程．设计了创新平台和支持体系．     

着眼灭火作战需要探索警地一体联训

地方林业扑火队将成为未来扑火战场一支重要力量.武警森林部队加强与地方林业扑火队一体联训是一个非常现实的重要课题.进行警地联训,满足作战需求,顺应时代发展,符合集约化趋势;我们必须转变训练观念,建立规范的联训机制,构建一体化联训平台;以重大课题为牵引选择联训内容,以提高整体灭火作战能力为原则选择训练方法,使一体联训工作扎实有效开展.     

荷兰观赏苗木的生产

文章介绍了荷兰在观赏苗木生产与培育方面的基本经验,如专业化的生产模式,多样化的观赏树木种类,严格的质量控制与监督、检测体系,完善的生产、管理与服务系统,以及高度重视创新等。同时,针对我国观赏苗木生产的现状提出几点建议。       

西南林区4种易燃可燃物的质量估测方法

针对云南松、地盘松、华山松易燃的活针叶在森林防火期动态变化和紫茎泽兰分布不规律的特点,测定了云南松、地盘松、华山松有叶段枝的形态学指标和相应段易燃针叶质量及紫茎泽兰茎形态学指标和质量,拟合了易燃可燃物质量与形态学指标的关系方程。经检验,实测值与预测值的结果间差异不显著,利用枝和茎的形态学指标估测易燃可燃物质量是可行的。