Promotive effect of soil solution on germination of Monochoria vaginalis under paddy conditions

ABSTRACT

Growth of the weed Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Kunth under the conditions of organic rice production is a serious problem. The reason for the growth of M. vaginalis being dominant, especially in organic rice production, is not fully understood. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze soil and seed factors in relation to the promotion of germination. (1) After incubation of flooded soil with or without the addition of rice bran (0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% in an air-dried soil basis), soil solutions were recovered and seeds of M. vaginalis were incubated in the soil solutions. Germination in the soils solutions without and with 0.3% rice bran was greater than that in distilled water. However, germination was suppressed in the presence of 0.6% and 0.9% of rice bran. These findings indicate that the solution from the soils with rice bran has different effects that may either increase or decrease germination. (2) A mixture of air-dried soil and distilled water was filtered to obtain a soil solution. Seeds were incubated in the soil solution (same as above). Environmental and physiological factors affected germination: exposure of seeds to light was an environmental factor and high germination activity and shallow dormancy of seed were physiological. The recovered soil solution promoted germination when these factors were not optimized. (3) There was a negative and significant correlation between dissolved oxygen (DO) in the soil solution and germination, indicating that a low content of DO was a promotive factor for germination. (4) Based on an experiment using pH buffers, germination increased with decrease in pH of soil solution, as long as the pH ranged from 4.0 to 7.0. This finding indicates that pH is also a factor that promotes germination.     

长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土磷素及水稻磷营养的影响

【目的】合理的土壤磷素管理对作物生产和环境保护具有重要意义。南方双季稻田土壤磷素特征及磷素吸收信息相对缺乏,本文利用江西省稻田土壤质量演变定位监测试验为平台,系统分析长期不同施肥措施下土壤全磷、磷活化系数及水稻磷素吸收量的变化特征和全磷与磷盈亏的响应关系等,为指导磷肥合理施用提供重要科学依据。【方法】从1984年开始在江西省南昌市进行长期定位试验,设置8个处理,分别为不施肥对照(CK),PK、NP、NK、NPK、70%化肥氮+30%有机肥氮(70F+30M)、50%化肥氮+50%有机肥氮(50F+50M)、30%化肥氮+70%有机肥氮(30F+70M)。早稻施用纯N、P2O5和K2O量分别为150、60和150 kg/hm^2,晚稻分别为180、60和150 kg/hm^2。早、晚稻施用的氮、磷、钾化肥均分别为尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾,有机肥分别为紫云英(N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为0.30%、0.08%、0.23%)和腐熟猪粪(N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为0.45%、0.19%、0.60%)。除30F+70M处理,其余处理均为等氮磷钾设计。于1984-2012年每年早、晚稻收获期采集秸秆和稻谷计产,并于晚稻收获后,测定土壤全磷和有效磷含量。分析土壤全磷、磷活化系数(PAC)及早、晚稻磷素吸收量随种植年限的变化规律,研究土壤全磷含量与磷累积盈亏的响应关系。【结果】经29年连续试验,NK处理土壤全磷含量以每年4.6 mg/kg的速度下降,而含磷化肥处理土壤全磷含量升高速率为3.3~19.4 mg/(kg·a)。有机无机配施处理(70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)升高速率平均为16.1 mg/(kg·a),是施NPK肥处理的4.89倍。施磷土壤全磷含量平均增至1.07 g/kg (2010-2012平均值),较初始值提高了1.18倍。不施磷肥处理土壤磷活化系数(PCA)由试验初始的4.24%下降至2.5%左右,施磷肥处理则均显著升高,其中有机无机配施处理平均升高至8.51%,平均年升高速率是施NPK处理的2.89倍。早、晚稻磷素吸收量,施磷肥(PK、NP和NPK)和化肥配施有机肥处理(70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)均显著高于CK,提高幅度分别为29.9%~124%和28.6%~103%,均衡施肥(NPK、70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)磷素吸收量显著高于不均衡施肥(PK和NP)处理,前者平均分别较后两者提高了38.7%和32.9%。早、晚稻产量与磷素吸收量呈极显著线性正相关关系,每吸收磷(P) 1 kg,早稻和晚稻产量分别可提高115和106 kg/hm^2。不施肥(CK)条件下,土壤全磷变化与累积磷盈亏间无显著相关关系,施NK肥处理土壤中每亏缺磷100 kg/hm^2,土壤全磷含量降低6.0 mg/kg,施化学磷肥的3个处理,土壤中每盈余磷100 kg/hm^2,平均提高9.3 mg/kg,而3个有机–无机配施处理,土壤中每盈余磷100 kg/hm^2,平均增加63.3 mg/kg,是无机磷肥的6.78倍。【结论】无论是单施化学磷肥,还是有机无机配施均有效提高土壤全磷含量及磷活化系数,且在等磷量投入条件下,有机无机配施较单施化肥的效果更优。建议减少中国南部红壤性稻田土壤的总磷输入量和提高有机肥施用比例,以改善粮食生产和保护环境。     

长期施钾对红壤水稻土水稻产量及土壤钾素状况的影响

研究了长期定位施肥试验中连续27年（1981～2007）施用钾肥对水稻产量和土壤钾素状况的影响。本试验选择了其中5个处理:CK（不施肥）、NP（施氮、磷肥）、NPK（施氮、磷、钾肥）、NP+RS（施氮、磷肥和稻草）和NPK+RS（施氮、磷、钾肥和稻草）。结果表明,施钾能明显提高水稻产量,施钾肥的NPK和NPK+RS处理27年的早稻平均产量分别比NP和NP+RS处理增加15.2%和10.9%;晚稻增产17.2%和9.1%;在27年54季水稻种植期间,不同施肥处理早、晚稻产量的变化趋势不同。CK、NP处理的早、晚稻产量随时间的推移呈负变化趋势,而NPK、NP+RS和NPK+RS处理的早、晚稻产量呈正变化趋势。施钾的NPK和NPK+RS处理不同土层中土壤全钾、缓效钾和速效钾含量均高于NP和NP+RS处理的相同土层;除NPK+RS处理外,其它各处理表观钾平衡均为负值,其中CK和NP处理钾的负平衡值最大。长期施用钾肥能提高水稻产量和维持土壤钾素肥力。     

长期施用绿肥对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤养分的影响

通过对26年长期定位试验结果的统计分析,结果表明:绿肥与化肥长期配合施用有利于水稻稳产增产,减少化肥的使用量,提高化肥NPK养分的农学利用效率达60%以上。26年水稻平均产量以OM3处理(紫云英+猪粪)最高,比CK增产64.47%,比NPK处理增产6.86%;其化肥养分农学效率为16.33kg/kg,比NPK处理化肥养分农学效率高118.9%。绿肥与化肥长期配合施用土壤有机质、全氮和全磷均有所积累,积累的量与肥料施用量及有机肥种类相关,以紫云英+猪粪处理最优。土壤钾素均表现亏缺,土壤全钾和速效钾均低于试验前,亏缺幅度最小的是紫云英+稻草处理,其土壤全钾和速效钾分别比对照高4.28%和13.94%。通过对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾与水稻产量关性分析,相关系数最高的为土壤全钾(r=0.808**),说明缺钾已成为限制红壤稻田高产的主要肥力因子。     

过量施用磷肥对红壤发育的水稻土化学性质的影响及其与水稻生长的关系

A filed experiment with an early rice-late rice rotation was carried out on a paddy soil derived from red soil in the southern part of Zhejing Province to elucidate the effect of excess P application on some important characteristics of soil properies and its relation to nutrient status and grain yields of rice crops.The experimental results indicated that adequate fertilizer P(15 kg P hm^-2)could increase the content of soil available P at the tillering stage of early rice,the contents of N,P and K in the shoots of early rice at primary growth stages,and the grain yield of early rice by increasing valid ears per hectare and weight per thousand grains,which,was mainly related to the higher contents of reduced,non-reduced and total sugar in the shoot at the heading stage, And early rice supplied with excessive P could not yield more than that applied with adequate, P de to the reduction in the valid grain percentage and weight per thousead grains. In addition,one-time excess P supply at a rate as high as 90 kg P hm^-2 could not improve the soil P fertility in case the soil available P content was lower than the initial(3.74mg kg^-1 soil) after an early rice-late rice rotaion,and made a decline in the grain yield increased by per kilogram fertilzer P.Thus,one-time excess P supply should not be adopted for soils with a large P fixation capacity like the paddy soils derived from red soils.     

采用新电导率指标分析土壤盐分变化规律

土壤电导率(Electrical conductivity,EC)是限制植物和微生物活性的阈值,影响到土壤养分和污染物的转化、存在状态及有效性[1],反映了在一定水分条件下土壤盐分的实际状况,且包含了土壤水分含量及离子组成等丰富信息[2]。在一定浓度范围内,土壤溶液含盐量与电导率呈正相关,溶解的盐类越多,溶液电导率就越大,故可根据溶液电导率的大小,间接地测量土壤含盐量[3-5]。     

Dissolution of slag fertilizers in a paddy soil and Si uptake by rice plant

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) cv. Ganga 2 was grown in refined sand at three levels of copper: deficient (0.00065 mg L^-1), adequate (0.065 mg L^-1), and excess (6.5 mg L^-1), each at three levels, deficient (0.00065 mg L^-1), adequate (0.065 mg L^-1), and excess (6.5 mg L^-1) of zinc. Excess Cu magnified the zinc deficiency effects in maize by lowering further the biomass, the concentration of leaf Zn, activities of carbonic anhydrase, aldolase, and ribonuclease and intensified the visible foliar symptoms of Zn deficiency. The effects of Cu deficiency, low dry weight, the concentration of leaf Cu and activities of cytochrome oxidase and polyphenol oxidase were enhanced by excess Zn. Synergism was observed between combined deficiency of Cu and Zn and Cu or Zn deficiency, because the depression in the parameters characteristic of Cu or Zn deficiency was more pronounced when both Cu and Zn were deficient than when Cu or Zn was deficient. Antagonism was observed in some parameters between combined excess of Cu and Zn and Cu or Zn excess. Dry weight was decreased further when both Cu and Zn were in excess than when either Cu or Zn was in excess. After the infiltration of Cu and Zn together to the leaf discs from deficient Cu-deficient Zn treatment, the increase in the concentration of leaf Zn and the activities of aldolase, carbonic anhydrase, polyphenol oxidase, and cytochrome oxidase was more pronounced than after the infiltration of Cu or Zn singly. Discontinuance of excess Zn supply from the excess Zn-deficient Cu treatment increased the concentration of leaf Cu and activities of polyphenol oxidase and cytochrome oxidase and lowered the concentration of Zn. Similarly the discontinuance of excess Cu supply from the leaf discs in the “excess Cu-deficient Zn” treatment increased the leaf Zn concentration and the activities of carbonic anhydrase and aldolase.     

不同有机无机肥配比对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响

为了消减冷浸型中低产田长期浸渍、泥温低、土壤有效养分低等障碍因子,通过田间小区试验和动态取样与室内测定,研究了不同有机无机肥配比对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:与复合肥处理比较,复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐含量分别提高11%和17%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铝盐含量提高44%,且磷酸铝盐、磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐占无机磷总量的比例提高,闭蓄态磷占无机磷总量的比例降低,促使土壤中难溶性磷向易溶性磷转化,提高土壤有效磷含量;复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤松结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例提高1.9个百分点,紧结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例降低4.6个百分点,土壤活性有机质含量提高14%,土壤阳离子交换量提高11%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤真菌和放线菌数量分别提高33%和28%,复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤细菌数和微生物活性分别提高160%和19%,水稻磷、钾吸收量分别提高5%和111%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加8%和42%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加6%和31%。有机无机平衡施肥是适合于冷浸田水稻增产的施肥方式。     

红壤区不同肥力水稻土根际硝化作用特征

通过根际培养箱(三室)——速冻切片技术研究了红壤地区高、低两种肥力下水稻苗期根表、根际和土体土壤矿质态氮含量和硝化强度,以及水稻生长、氮素积累的差异。结果表明,肥力水平对水稻根表和根际土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量无显著影响,但高肥力显著提高土体土壤NH4+-N含量,以及根表、根际和土体土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量及硝化强度。两种肥力水稻土硝化强度最大值均出现在距根表2 mm处,分别为0.20和0.31μmol kg-1 h-1。土体土壤硝化强度随距根表距离增加而降低,低肥力土壤在距根表10～40mm处时硝化强度接近本底值,而高肥力土壤在距根表20～40 mm处时接近本底值。与不种水稻的CK相比,种植水稻显著提高根际土壤硝化强度。高肥力能显著改善水稻生长,增加植株氮素积累量,尤其显著促进根系生长及通气组织发育。由于红壤稻田肥力水平的差异造成水稻根际硝化强度以及水稻吸收NO3-的差异,导致高肥条件下水稻显示出更强的生长势和氮素吸收利用能力。因此,合理提高红壤稻田肥力水平对改善红壤区水稻根际土壤硝化作用及水稻氮素营养具有重要意义。     

Status of paddy soils as affected by paddy rice and upland soybean rotation in northeast Japan,with special reference to nitrogen fertility

To investigate the current available nitrogen (N) and chemical properties of paddy soils affected by crop rotation between irrigated paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) and upland soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (paddy-upland rotation), topsoils were collected from 22 fields of four different farmers in the northeastern region of Japan. Regardless of organic material application, a significant negative correlation was found between available soil N and an increase in the proportions of upland seasons to total crop seasons after the initiation of paddy-upland rotation. Soil total N and total carbon (C) also tended to decrease with an increase in upland frequency. In fields with repeated applications of cattle manure compost, the soil available N was higher than in fields where only crop residue was applied. A significant negative correlation was also found between the soil available N:total N ratio and upland frequency. This indicates that the part of soil N related to available N was notably lost by the use of paddy fields as upland fields. In order to sustain available soil N over the minimum suitable level of 80?mg?kg^?1, upland frequency should not exceed 65% when only crop residues and no other organic materials are applied. The upland frequency can be raised by the repeated application of organic materials which maintain a higher level of available soil N. The results imply that care should be taken to maintain the N fertility of paddy soil at a suitable level in paddy-upland rotation, and that upland frequency and organic materials applied are important factors to do this.     

Bt-transgenic rice straw affects the culturable microbiota and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in a flooded paddy soil

There have been few investigations of the possible effects of genetically engineered plants on the microbiota and enzyme activities in flooded soil. We studied the influence of the transgenic rice KeMingDao (KMD) straw on the culturable microbiota and enzymatic activities in a flooded paddy soil under laboratory conditions. KMD contained a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter and linked in tandem with the gusA and hpt genes. The results showed that there were only some occasional significant differences (P<0.05) in the number of Colony forming units of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and in the number of anaerobic fermentative bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria, and methanogenic bacteria between the paddy soil amended with Bt-transgenic rice straw and with the non-Bt parental rice straw during the early stages of incubation. From d14 to d84 there were significant increases (P<0.05) in soil dehydrogenase and soil neutral phosphatase activity in soils amended with rice straw compared to soil without added straw. The dehydrogenase activity was significantly greatly (almost 1.95-fold) in soil amended with Bt-transgenic straw from d7 to d14 but from d21 to d49 there was significantly greater activity (about 1.47-fold) in the soil amended with non-Bt-straw. There were no apparent differences between the activity of soil neutral phosphatase in the soils to which non-Bt-straw and Bt-straw had been added. However, both soils to which rice straws were added demonstrated significant differences in the number of microorganisms except for aerobic bacteria and enzymatic activities with respect to the control soil throughout the incubation. The above results indicated that the Bt-straw from KMD transgenic rice is not toxic to a variety of culturable microorganisms in the studied flooded paddy soil.     

长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田水稻子粒品质性状与土壤肥力因子的影响

在福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验的第26年,研究了不同施肥处理对水稻子粒品质性状与土壤肥力因子的影响。结果表明,化肥+牛粪（NPKM）、化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）及单施化肥（NPK）处理的水稻子粒必需氨基酸含量分别较不施肥（CK）处理提高256%、161%、131%,差异显著; 粗蛋白与淀粉含量则分别提高111141与2339个百分点,均以NPKM处理增效最为突出。各施肥处理显著提高了子粒氮、磷含量,升幅最高的NPKM处理分别比CK提高261%、311%,且提高了子粒钙、镁、硫中量元素含量。子粒氮、磷、镁、硫含量与氨基酸呈显著正相关,子粒氮、钙、硫含量与淀粉呈显著正相关。3个施肥处理均提高了土壤有机质及有效养分含量,并以速效钾的增加最为明显。此外,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷等肥力因子与子粒氨基酸、淀粉品质性状均呈显著正相关; 土壤碱解氮和子粒氮含量与土壤速效磷及子粒磷含量均呈显著正相关。综合考虑施肥对水稻产量、品质性状与稻田土壤肥力的影响,以NPKM处理最优。     

有机物料与化肥配施提高黄泥田水稻产量和土壤肥力

农业有机物料具有资源化再利用的特点,与化肥配施既可以保证作物产量,也可以提升地力。为了建立最适宜的南方低产黄泥田培肥模式,该文在浙江金衢盆地开展3年田间试验研究化肥与不同有机物料(菇渣、紫云英、牛粪和秸秆)配施对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:1)有机物料与化肥配施可以显著提高水稻产量,化肥+菇渣、化肥+紫云英、化肥+牛粪和化肥+秸秆处理下,水稻三年的平均产量分别比单施化肥提高了9.7%、9.5%、12.3%和9.5%;2)有机物料与化肥配合施用,土壤有机质、土壤养分(全氮、有效磷、速效钾和CEC)及土壤容重较单施化肥处理有一定程度的改善,其中,化肥+牛粪效果最明显,有机质质量分数提高了12.5%,土壤有效磷质量分数提高了37.7%,CEC提高了16.1%;3)与单施化肥相比,化肥+菇渣、化肥+牛粪处理下5 mm机械稳定性大团聚体分别提高了10.4%和6.7%,各配施处理均显著降低了团聚体破坏率。总得来讲,连续三年有机物料与化肥配施较单施化肥处理提高了水稻产量、改善了土壤肥力状况、增加了土壤团聚体稳定性,其中又以牛粪与化肥配合施用效果最佳。     

Characterization and implication of phytolith-associated potassium in rice straw and paddy soils

Rice straw contains up to 2.3% K in dry matter, including potassium (K) subcompartmented in phytoliths, complex siliceous structures formed in plant tissue via precipitation of Si. Rice straw is usually returned to the soil as a conventional practice to sustain soil nutrients, and therefore, the K pool accompanied with rice straw phytoliths is also cycled. Based on phytoliths obtained by ashing of rice straw at 400 °C and dissolution experiments using batch extraction in combination with physical separation of phytoliths by heavy liquid, this study evaluated the phytolith K(phytK) pool in rice straw and aged phytoliths in paddy soils. Entrapped organic matter containing K within phytolith silica cells was visualized by X-ray tomographic microscopy, and releases of this phytK pool accompanying phytolith dissolution were quantified. A 1% Na₂CO₃ solution, which has been commonly used to extract amorphous Si and to quantify soil phytoliths, showed obvious responses for K derived from phytolith dissolution, indicating that the Na₂CO₃ method can be developed for measurement of phytK. In 13 soil samples, Na₂CO₃-dissolvable K content assignable to phytK was 0.55 ± 0.39 g kg^?1 in the puddled horizon, suggesting the phytK pool is of high significance for the management of K in paddy soils.     

Use of soil nonexchangeable potassium by paddy rice with clay structural changes under long-term fertilizer management

To prove the hypothesis that paddy rice utilizes soil nonexchangeable potassium (neK) and causes associated structural changes in clay minerals, K status and clay mineralogy of 22 surface soils from three paddy fields under long-term fertilizer management for 51–93 years were investigated. Soil neK content was determined as the difference between 1 mol L⁻¹ hot HNO₃ extractable K and 1 mol L⁻¹ ammonium acetate exchangeable K. Clay mineralogy was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The radiocesium interception potential (RIP), an index of frayed edge sites in the interlayer sites of 2:1 type clay minerals, was also determined. The neK contents under the -K and NPK treatments were considerably lower than those under the unfertilized treatment in all the fields, indicating the exploitation of soil neK by rice. XRD analysis of the clay samples revealed 7% shift from the 1.0 peak to 1.4 nm one under the -K treatment compared with the unfertilized one, and the amounts of neK were negatively correlated with those of RIP (p < .01), suggesting the expansion of interlayer spaces of the 2:1 type phyllosilicates such as mica due to the release of neK. In addition, the neK content positively correlated with K balance of the long-term experiments (p < .05). The differences of neK between unfertilized K and -K treatments corresponded to 22–157 kg K ha⁻¹, or 0.42–1.68 kg K ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. In conclusion, utilization of considerable amount of soil neK under K depleted conditions should be considered to establish sustainable K management for paddy rice.     

Arsenic accumulation and speciation in Japanese paddy rice cultivars

We examined arsenic (As) accumulation and speciation in the major cultivars currently grown in Japan, because differences in grain As levels among cultivars may influence dietary As exposure in Japanese people. Ten major cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) were grown under flooded conditions in a paddy field with a background level of As (low-As soil) or in pots filled with soil containing a high level of As (high-As soil). In the low-As soil, the total grain As ranged from 0.11 to 0.17?mg?kg^?1, with a mean concentration of 0.14?mg?kg^?1, and inorganic As was the major species in all cultivars. There were few genotypic differences in the levels of either total As or inorganic As in the grain. In the high-As soil, total grain As increased to a mean level of 2.4?mg?kg^?1 in the 10 cultivars, with markedly increased levels of dimethylarsinic acid. The genotypic variations among cultivars in the levels of both total As and dimethylarsinic acid were statistically significant. However, the genotypic variability of inorganic As levels was quite small, and these levels remained low (at about 0.2?mg?kg^?1) even when total As levels increased markedly. These results suggest that differences in grain As levels among Japanese cultivars may not influence dietary As exposure, because there is little genotypic difference in the accumulation of inorganic As, which is considered more toxic than organic As to humans. We discuss the possible mechanism of As accumulation in Japanese paddy rice, in the context of the accumulation of As species in the developing grain and in other plant tissues.     

长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土产量及基础地力的影响

利用长期定位施肥试验并结合盆栽试验,研究长期不同施肥模式对双季稻产量和土壤基础地力的影响,并分析水稻产量和肥料贡献率对土壤不同基础地力的响应。结果表明:长期施用氮磷钾肥(NPK)或氮磷钾肥配施稻草(NPKS)有利于双季稻产量的增加。NPK处理的早稻产量、晚稻产量和年总产量分别较对照(CK)处理增产100.7%、67.0%和81.9%,NPKS处理分别增产113.8%、77.7%和93.7%。CK处理早稻基础地力产量随试验年限的增加呈极显著下降趋势(p0.01),晚稻基础地力产量在试验的前9年随年限增加呈极显著下降(p0.01),之后基本维持稳定。长期施用氮磷钾肥或氮磷钾肥配施稻草有利于土壤基础地力的提升。土壤基础地力产量和基础地力贡献率均表现为NPKSNPKCK。NPK和NPKS处理早稻基础地力产量分别较CK提高38.5%和68.1%,晚稻分别提高25.8%和49.0%。NPK和NPKS处理早稻基础地力贡献率分别较CK提高21.4%和54.9%,晚稻分别提高12.8%和22.8%。无论施肥或不施肥,早晚稻产量均随土壤基础地力产量提高而增加;肥料对早晚稻产量贡献率随基础地力产量提高而极显著降低。土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾是影响土壤基础地力的主要养分因子,土壤全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷对土壤基础地力也产生重要影响。