基于因子相关性-聚类分析的巴谢河流域滑坡危险性评价

巴谢河流域是甘肃省东部滑坡高易发区域,滑坡活动频繁。基于遥感解译与野外调查,分析了地形地貌因子、地层岩性、植被覆盖、人类工程活动等因子对流域内滑坡的相关性。结果表明:滑坡分布与地形地貌关系密切,高程2 000~2 200 m、坡度15°~40°、阳坡坡向及沟谷密度1~2.5 km/km²的范围内,滑坡尤为发育;滑坡与地层岩性、植被、人类活动等也有较好的对应关系,其中岩性为马兰黄土及泥岩、NDVI在0.2~0.3与距离道路600 m的范围内滑坡易于发生。依据各因子与滑坡的相关性对其进行聚类分析,将整个研究区域分4个危险区:高、中、低和极低危险区,所占研究区面积比例分别为30.9%,21.7%,30.3%,17.1%。     

GIS支持下川滇黔接壤区滑坡危险性评价

川滇黔接壤地区是中国滑坡灾害的多发区,区内共有崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害隐患点1.2万余处,对100余万人的生命与财产安全构成威胁,严重影响当地人民生产、生活安全与可持续发展。选择坡度、相对高差、到活动断裂带距离、年均降雨量和年均大雨日数5个因子作为滑坡危险性的评价因子,在GIS支持下获取各因子的贡献权重,根据贡献率模型在空间叠加下生成研究区滑坡危险性评价图。结果表明:(1)研究区1.92×105 km2面积中,极高危险区3.92×104 km2,高危险区4.34×104 km2,中危险区4.58×104 km2,低危险区3.92×104 km2,稳定区2.42×104 km2,中度以上危险区面积占研究区总面积的67.00%;(2)极高危险区主要分布在小江—安宁河深大断裂两侧以及金沙江、雅砻江等深切河谷中,显示出活动断裂带和地貌对滑坡危险性的宏观控制作用;(3)中度以上危险区内人口总量约1 152.31万人,占总人口的32.17%;GDP约419.88亿元,占研究区总量的28.75%,因此加强川滇黔接壤地区地质灾害防灾减灾能力建设已刻不容缓。     

强震区滑坡活动强度的演变及敏感性评价

[目的]探讨汶川地震强震区滑坡的活动强度演变与敏感性,为滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害风险管理提供依据。[方法]选取四川省都江堰市龙池镇龙溪河12条泥石流流域为研究区,通过对研究区震后4期遥感影像的滑坡解译分析,研究震后滑坡的活动演化特征;同时利用概率综合判别法—层次分析法对滑坡物源进行多期敏感性评价。[结果]地震后该区域产生了825个强震滑坡;2009—2017年,在强震滑坡区域外新增376个滑坡,至2017年,仍活动的滑坡数量减少到368个,占滑坡总数的30.6%,同时利用曲线下面积(AUC)检验多期敏感性评价结果,准确率为75.6%～81.4%,评价效果较好。[结论]强震区震后活动滑坡数量及高敏感性区域面积整体表现降低趋势,表明震后滑坡处于逐步恢复过程,强震区的地质灾害活动但活动强度仍远远高于震前。     

洪家堡子山体滑坡与区域灾害防治

张家川县地处黄河中游山体滑坡的Ⅰ级危险区,2004年5月发生的洪家堡子滑坡,滑体约47.56万m3,属厚层大型黄土滑坡。通过对洪家堡子山体滑坡的典型案例调查分析,针对滑坡形成的特点,提出了区域山体滑坡的预警预报及防治思路。     

陇南陕南滑坡泥石流发育程度及发展趋势研究

陇南陕南地区是我国滑坡、泥石流高发区。利用陆地卫星遥感影像特征差距 ,结合野外调查分析 ,建立了滑坡、泥石流分区标准。通过对遥感影像解译 ,并结合地质资料综合分析得到全区滑坡密度分区情况和泥石流作用强度分区情况。分析了滑坡、泥石流成因。对不同发育程度区的发展趋势进行了初步预测。     

基于多目标优化方法的滑坡易发性评价

[目的] 在滑坡易发性评价中,滑坡预测模型的选取和优化对运算过程的高效性和预测结果的准确性至关重要。针对现有单目标遗传优化算法(genetic algorithm,GA)易陷入早熟、局部搜索能力差、全局优化速度慢等问题,拟提出一种新的优化算法框架,将多目标遗传算法中的经典算法—带精英选择策略的非支配排序算法(the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy,NSGA-Ⅱ)与常用机器学习模型[随机森林(random forest,RF)、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)]相结合,进行滑坡易发性预测。与单目标优化不同的是,NSGA-Ⅱ算法可同时进行特征选择和超参数优化,并使预测模型同时实现最优准确度、召回率、精密度和AUC(area under curve,AUC)。[方法] 以三峡库区重庆段为研究区,从模型精度评价、滑坡灾害易发性分区图、分区统计3个方面对4种优化模型(RF-GA、SVM-GA、RF-NSGA-II、SVM-NSGA-II)进行对比分析。[结果] NSGA-II较GA优化效果更明显,在模型评价和滑坡易发性分区方面,RF-NSGA-II模型具有更高的预测性能,4项评价值分别为80.91%,81.89%,80.07%,88.60%,证明NSGA-II优化算法的有效性;极低至极高危险区面积占比依次为23.06%,22.46%,22.96%,19.99%,11.53%,验证了RF-NSGA-II模型的可靠性。由RF-NSGA-II模型预测得到的易发性图表明,高和极高易发性区集中在研究区北部,且由东向西呈带状分布。[结论] 研究采取的基于多目标选择的RF-NSGA-II模型,为滑坡易发性评价中机器学习模型调优提供新思路。     

云南崩塌滑坡危险度分区的模糊综合分析法

该文将云南省剖分为８２６个样本区，按照危险度高、中、低和无危险４个等级，采用模糊综合评判法区划出高危险区约８．８万ｋｍ＾２；中危险区为１２．６万ｋｍ＾２；低危险区约６．７万ｋｍ＾２和无危险区约１０．２万ｋｍ＾２。实践表明：模糊评价模型在崩塌滑坡危险度评估中应用具有效果稳健、适应性强和简便易用等特点，是危险度分区评价工作宜推广的一个实用模型。     

汶川地震灾区崩塌滑坡体几何特征信息遥感定量提取与分析

选取灾区107个崩塌滑坡样本,利用遥感影像获取崩塌滑坡面积,遥感影像结合DEM获取崩塌滑坡体坡高(前后缘高差)、滑移距离、视摩擦角等信息,通过野外调查获取体积信息,对灾害评估中关注的两个关键因子崩塌滑坡体体积、滑移距离与各特征因子的相关性进行了分析,探讨了体积、滑移距离与相关性显著因子间的关系。研究表明,崩塌滑坡体体积与崩塌滑坡面积、坡高相关性显著,且与崩塌滑坡面积呈显著的幂函数关系,与坡高呈二次多项式关系,与滑移距离、视摩擦角有一定关系,但不显著;崩塌滑坡滑移距离与坡高相关性显著,且呈线性关系,与崩塌滑坡面积也有一定关系,但不十分显著。     

渭北黄土塬区滑坡发育特征及分布规律研究

该文利用野外调查、遥感解译、现场勘查等工作手段,分析了宝鸡渭河北岸黄土塬边滑坡的基本类型、发育特征及分布规律,宝鸡渭北黄土塬边滑坡主要受地质构造、河流侧蚀、地层岩性和人类活动等因素的影响,分布在渭河北岸、千河西岸、金陵河东岸、长寿沟等黄土台塬塬边斜坡地带,呈现不均衡性、成群成带性以及同一地点继发性与递进性等特点,滑坡发育分布密度最高可达96.8%。此外,滑坡类型主要有黄土层内滑坡、黄土接触面滑坡、黄土切层滑坡三种类型,以黄土切层滑坡最为发育,占渭北塬区滑坡的80%以上,这类滑坡滑动面主要位于阶地黏土层、三趾马红土层和三门组黏土层中或其表面,滑坡规模巨大,威胁严重。     

基于遥感与数量化Ⅱ类的滑坡危险度划分

以日本广岛地区为例,利用高分辨率遥感影像动态监测滑坡体,就滑坡灾害各种自然及环境因素建立其多元回归分析方程.利用数量化理论第Ⅱ类方法对可能发生滑坡灾害区域进行以遥感影像像素为单元的危险度划分.根据发生滑坡可能性的大小可将其划分为高、中、低3个等级,为预测预报提供依据.     

基于GIS和数据驱动双变量分析模型的三峡库区滑坡灾害易发性制图

A detailed landslide-susceptibility map was produced using a data-driven objective bivariate analysis method with datasets developed for a geographic information system (GIS). Known as one of the most landslide-prone areas in China, the Zhongxian-Shizhu Segment in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of China was selected as a suitable case because of the frequency and distribution of landslides. The site covered an area of 260.93 km² with a landslide area of 5.32 km². Four data domains were used in this study, including remote sensing products, thematic maps, geological maps, and topographical maps, all with 25 m × 25 m pixels. Statistical relationships for landslide susceptibility were developed using landslide and landslide causative factor databases. All continuous variables were converted to categorical variables according to the percentile divisions of seed cells, and the corresponding class weight values were calculated and summed to create the susceptibility map. According to the map, 3.6% of the study area was identified as high-susceptibility. Extremely low-, very low-, low-, and medium-susceptibility zones covered 19.66%, 31.69%, 27.95%, and 17.1% of the area, respectively. The high- and medium-hazardous zones are along both sides of the Yangtze River, being in agreement with the actual distribution of landslides.     

西藏妥昌公路K351滑坡形成机制及危险性评价

对滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析是一个由表及里、由微观到宏观分析的过程。通过对K351滑坡的表面形态特征、滑坡内部岩性结构面的分析,从滑坡的微观形态（如裂缝）、宏观形态（如滑坡后壁、滑坡前缘）出发,结合当地的地形地貌条件,对K351滑坡的形成特征、运动特征进行了探讨。并运用滑坡危险度判别模型对滑坡的危险程度进行了评价。     

一种特殊的黄土滑坡遥感分析

<正> 黄土滑坡是黄河中游地区一种分布普遍、发生规模较大的土壤重力侵蚀方式据测算,严重地区滑坡的平面面积可占土地总面积的20％以上,这意味着该地区整个土地面积的20％,不但在滑坡发生过程中往往会有泥流和高含沙径流发生,向下游河道输送大量泥沙,而且在滑坡发生后的许多年中,还使土壤特别易于遭     

A GIS-based comparative study of frequency ratio, analytical hierarchy process, bivariate statistics and logistics regression methods for landslide susceptibility mapping in Trabzon, NE Turkey

Over the last few decades, many researchers have produced landslide susceptibility maps using different techniques including the probability method (frequency ratio), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), bivariate, multivariate, logistics regression, fuzzy logic and artificial neural network In addition, a number of parameters such as lithology, slope, aspect, land cover, elevation, distance to stream, drainage density, distance to lineament, seismicity, and distance to road are recommended to analyze the mechanism of landslides. The data quality is a very important issue in landslide studies, and more accurate results will be achieved if the data is adequate, appropriate and drawn from a wide range of parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of the occurrence of landslides in Trabzon province, situated in north east Turkey. This was achieved using the following five methods the frequency ratio model, AHP, the statistical index (Wi), weighting factor (Wf) methods, and the logistics regression model, incorporating a Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. In Trabzon province there has been an increasing occurrence of landslides triggered by rainfall. These landslides have resulted in death, significant injury, damage to property and local infrastructure and threat of further landslides continues. In order to reduce the effects of this phenomenon, it is necessary to scientifically assess the area susceptible to landslide. To achieve this, landslide susceptible areas were mapped the landslide occurrence parameters were analyzed using five different methods. The results of the five analyses were confirmed using the landslide activity map containing 50 active landslide zones. Then the methods giving more accurate results were determined. The validation process showed that the Wf method is better in prediction than the frequency ratio model, AHP, the statistical index (Wi), and logistics regression model.     

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using analytical hierarchy process and bivariate statistics in Ardesen (Turkey): Comparisons of results and confirmations

The Ardesen area is prone to landslides because of the climate conditions, geologic, and geomorphologic characteristics of the region. As in previous years, in 2001 due to heavy rainfall there were many landslides resulting in damage and human casualties. There is still a great danger of further landslides in the region. Therefore, it is vitally important to prepare a landslide susceptibility map of the region. In this study, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the statistical index (Wi), and weighting factor (Wf) methods were used to produce and later compare three susceptibility maps. For this purpose, thematic layers including landslide inventory, lithology-weathering, slope, aspect, land cover, distance to stream, drainage density, and distance to road were used. In this study area, 98% of landslides occurred in highly or completely weathered units. Lithology-weathering, land cover, and slope data layers were found to be important factors in the study area. To confirm the practicality of the three susceptibility maps were compared with a landslide activity map containing 16 active landslide zones. The outcome was that the active landslide zones do not completely fit into the high and very high susceptibility classes. But 81.3% of these landslide zones fall into the high and very high susceptibility zones of the AHP method while this is 62.5% in the case of Wi method, and 68.8% with the Wf method. In spite of the results obtained in this study, the development of a susceptibility map is usually determined by the needs and available resources. The results showed that the AHP method gave a more realistic picture of the actual distribution of landslide susceptibility, than the Wi and Wf methods.     

3种尾菜饲料化利用技术研究

蔬菜商品化处理产生的尾菜,已成为蔬菜产区污染源。为了解决环境污染,探寻资源化利用途径,针对尾菜量大集中、水分含量高、易腐烂变质等特点,采用畜禽粗饲料制粒和制块工艺,研制了由清洗、打浆、压滤、水处理、混合、制粒及制块单元组成的尾菜饲料化生产线,并利用单因素和正交试验对主要设备工艺参数及尾菜生产畜禽颗粒及蜂窝块状粗饲料辅料配比进行了优化。结果表明,清洗、打浆为粒径约10.0 mm的白菜、莲花菜、芹菜商品化处理产生的尾菜,在气泡清洗机输送带运行速度分别为6~7 m·min-1、7~8m·min-1、8~9 m·min-1,芹菜使用单丝滤布、白菜和莲花菜使用涤纶750B滤布,在隔膜压榨压力0.05~0.06 MPa,时间20 min的条件下,尾菜饼含水率可降至35.0%,与占尾菜饼量12.5%的膨润土、10.0%次粉、15.0%稻壳粉、3.0%玉米蛋白粉混合,制粒及压块平均成型率为94.67%,吨料电耗22.0 kW·h-1·t-1,粗饲料密度920.0 kg·m-3,坚实度82.0%,均匀度95.0%,含水率10.0%,粗纤维10.3%,粗蛋白9.6%,粗灰分31.0%。生产应用表明,研制的尾菜饲料化生产线操作简单、高效、经济实用,具有自动化程度高等特点;生产的粗饲料营养丰富、适口性好、耐储存。尾菜饲料化利用技术,适合于蔬菜商品化处理、蔬菜精加工生产基地以及大型农贸市场等对尾菜治污和资源化利用。     

锦屏一级水电站影响区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分析

利用GIS技术制作专题坡度图可知 ,锦屏一级水电站影响区内 16°～ 2 5°的坡度区占最大比例 ,河谷两侧主要坡度范围为 2 6°～ 3 5° ;由当地环境资源调查资料可知 ,影响区年降水量在 60 0mm以上 ,植被覆盖率平均为 3 0 93 % ,坡耕地占坡地面积平均为 2 97% ,当地土壤主要是山地草甸土 ,岩性多为硬性变质岩。根据有关评价标准 ,确定锦屏一级水电站影响区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度为轻险型