生物型种衣剂诱导后黄瓜叶片蛋白质组学初步研究

以木霉菌(Trichoderma atroviride)T23的REMI突变株发酵液为主要原料配制生物型种衣剂处理黄瓜种子,然后播种,2~3叶期挑战接种白粉菌,调查病情指数并取样。结果表明:该生物型种衣剂能够明显提高黄瓜幼苗对白粉病的系统抗性,对白粉病相对防治效果达70%~75%。该研究建立了黄瓜叶片蛋白质提取和双向电泳分离技术。通过双向电泳及相应的分析软件(PDQuestTM2-D software)可将不同处理的幼苗叶片蛋白进行分离。结果发现种衣剂处理的叶片产生22种上游调控蛋白和7种下游调控蛋白,与对照的蛋白质组图谱相似系数为0.813。利用质谱分析发现黄瓜叶光合作用相关蛋白与抗白粉病有一定关系。     

Proteomic study of three component interactions： plant, pathogens andantagonistic fungi

The molecular factors involved in the three-way interaction between plant, pathogenic fungi and antagonistic/biocontrol fungi, such as Trichoderma, are still poorly understood, even if they represent a matter of interest for improving crop management and developing new strategies for plant diseases control. The aim of this work is to investigate the components involved in this interaction and, for this purpose, a proteomic approach was used. 2-D maps of the protein extracts from the single co…     

3种滇牡丹根际木霉的促生功能及其对幼苗生长的影响

【目的】揭示3种滇牡丹根际木霉的促生功能,并探讨其对幼苗生长发育的影响,为根际木霉的资源利用及滇牡丹的品质提升提供依据。【方法】以滇牡丹根际真菌康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)、近渐绿木霉(T. paraviridescens)和哈茨木霉(T. harzianum)为研究对象,分别测定其产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、产铁载体能力及溶磷和解钾活性,探讨接种与未接种目标菌株对滇牡丹幼苗生长、生物量、叶绿素含量和抗性相关生理指标的影响,并采用隶属函数值法对植株品质进行综合评价。【结果】T. harzianum和T. koningii具有产IAA能力,其中T. harzianum能力较强;仅T. koningii有产铁载体能力,接种该菌后滇牡丹幼苗铁含量是其他处理的3~5倍;3种木霉均无溶磷活性,但接种T. paraviridescens的幼苗土壤和根系酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他处理(P<0.05,下同);仅T. harzianum有解钾活性,接菌后幼苗的土壤速效钾和植株全钾含量最高。接种T. paraviridescens幼苗的株高和叶片增量数值最高,分别为3.23 cm和3.70片,茎粗也最粗,同时叶绿素含量及叶片、根部的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、根部的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高。接种T. koningii幼苗的叶片可溶性糖(SS)含量及接种T. harzianum幼苗的叶片可溶性蛋白(SP)含量显著高于其他处理,接种3种木霉的处理组根部SS和SP含量显著高于未接种处理。结合主成分分析和隶属函数值进行综合评分,幼苗质量由高到低依次为T. paraviridescens>T. harzianum>T. koningii>未接种。【结论】接种3种根际木霉对滇牡丹幼苗的营养吸收、光合作用及抗性诱导有积极的促进作用。其中,经T. paraviridescens处理的幼苗生长性状指标、叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶活性显著提高,为滇牡丹理想的促生菌。     

Extracellular proteome of Trichoderma harzianum to identify proteins with biotechnological value

Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 parasitizes and controls many phytopatogenic fungi and is applied commercially as biological control agent. The production of hydrolitic enzymes appears to be a key factor in the parasitic process. We tested the endo-esochitinolitic and glucanolitic activities of culture filtrates of T22 grown under carbon and nitrogen starvation or in presence of biomass or cell walls of the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. …     

大量及微量元素对胡麻幼苗生长发育的影响

以‘张亚2号’胡麻种子为试验材料,采用沙培盆栽的方法,以霍格兰全价营养液为对照,以全价营养液中分别缺少N、P、K、Mg、S、Ca、Fe、B、Mn、Cl、Zn、Cu、Mo元素为13个处理,进行了单因素试验,探讨大量及微量元素对胡麻幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明:所有处理对胡麻幼苗子叶大小、真叶数目、株高、茎粗、干物质积累、侧根长度和条数均有一定程度的影响.B元素对胡麻幼苗叶片的影响较显著,缺B处理的植株子叶大而浓绿,真叶数目大于CK;S元素对胡麻幼苗株高的影响显著,4叶期时,缺S处理的株高为CK的62%;各元素对胡麻幼苗茎粗的影响不显著;B、Cl、Zn和Mo元素对胡麻幼苗侧根的影响显著,4叶期时,缺B、Cl和Mo处理的植株侧根长度分别为CK侧根长度的548.4%、267.7%、358.4%,6叶期时,缺Zn处理的植株侧根长度仅为CK侧根长度的12.1%;N和B元素对胡麻幼苗鲜质量和干质量的影响显著,8叶期时,缺N和B处理的干质量分别为CK干质量的251.3%、319.7%.     

宿根甘蔗黄化苗根系活力及其营养特性研究

【目的】研究宿根甘蔗黄化幼苗根系活力及其营养特性,探明宿根甘蔗幼苗黄化与根系吸收矿质元素能力的关系。【方法】在宿根蔗幼苗黄化发生严重的蔗区采集宿根黄化苗、相邻地块宿根正常苗和新植蔗苗的根系样品,测定根系活力及根系N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg、B、S等营养元素含量。【结果】黄化苗根系活力极显著低于宿根正常苗根系和新植蔗苗根系;黄化苗根系N含量略高于宿根正常苗根系,但低于新植蔗苗根系;黄化苗根系P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg、B、S等元素含量均极显著低于宿根正常苗根系和新植蔗苗根系,新植蔗苗根系矿质元素含量最高。【结论】宿根蔗黄化苗根系活力微弱,矿质元素含量不足,营养贫乏,不能从土壤吸收矿质元素。     

叶面肥对油茶幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

[目的]研究不同配比叶面肥对油茶幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响,为研制油茶优质苗木专用叶面肥提供参考.[方法]以油茶营养杯嫁接苗为研究对象,采用正交试验,以不同NPK配比和喷施浓度设9个叶面肥处理以及清水对照处理,于油茶幼苗期进行叶面喷施,测定幼苗各项生长指标及根茎叶各部分营养元素含量.[结果]对油茶幼苗生长促进效果最好的叶面肥的NPK配比为11-13-4,喷施浓度为2.0%的处理.喷施叶面肥后,根茎叶各部分N、P、K养分含量均有所提高,油茶苗期对养分的需求规律表现为N>K>P,通过喷施叶面肥能有效满足油茶幼苗对微量元素的需求.[结论]适宜NPK配比和喷施浓度的叶面肥对油茶幼苗生长有良好的促进作用,并能提高植株对营养元素的吸收利用效率.     

盐胁迫对苦楝根系活力的影响

本文研究了盐胁迫下一年生苦楝苗根系的活力变化以及根系与地上部分的关系。目的在于探索苦楝的抗盐性。结果表明：盐胁迫能显著的降低根系和地上部分的生长。且地上部分受到的影响比根系受到的影响大;盐胁迫对苦楝苗木的含水量影响显著;随着盐浓度的升高,根系活跃吸收面积／总吸收面积比值的变化比较小。根系活力呈现先增后降的趋势,且均达到显著水平。     

宿根甘蔗黄化苗根系活力及其营养特性研究

【目的】研究宿根甘蔗黄化幼苗根系活力及其营养特性,探明宿根甘蔗幼苗黄化与根系吸收矿质元素能力的关系。【方法】在宿根蔗幼苗黄化发生严重的蔗区采集宿根黄化苗、相邻地块宿根正常苗和新植蔗苗的根系样品,测定根系活力及根系N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg、B、S等营养元素含量。【结果】黄化苗根系活力极显著低于宿根正常苗根系和新植蔗苗根系;黄化苗根系N含量略高于宿根正常苗根系,但低于新植蔗苗根系;黄化苗根系P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg、B、S等元素含量均极显著低于宿根正常苗根系和新植蔗苗根系,新植蔗苗根系矿质元素含量最高。【结论】宿根蔗黄化苗根系活力微弱,矿质元素含量不足,营养贫乏,不能从土壤吸收矿质元素。     

不同配比肥料对蝴蝶兰小苗生长的影响

[目的]研究不同配比肥料对蝴蝶兰小苗生长的影响,为培育壮苗、提高蝴蝶兰品质提供理论依据.[方法]以蝴蝶兰品种“V31”(台林红天使)小苗为试材,对比研究N∶P2O5∶K2O分别为30∶10∶10(高氮)、9∶45∶15(高磷)、20∶20∶20(等量)的花多多专用肥对蝴蝶兰小苗生长的影响.[结果]不同配比肥料对蝴蝶兰小苗生长影响显著,施用N∶P2O5∶K2O为9∶45∶15的蝴蝶兰小苗出根最快,45 d即可全部出根;施用N∶P2O5∶K2O为20∶20∶20的蝴蝶兰小苗新增叶片数最多,极显著高于其他处理;施用N∶P2O5∶K2O为30∶10∶10的蝴蝶兰小苗叶冠幅最大,极显著高于其他处理.[结论]移栽后45 d内用高磷肥处理,而后在根系生长良好基础上以高氮肥和N∶P2O5∶K2O为20∶20∶20肥料交替施用最有利于蝴蝶兰小苗的生长.     

Dynamic changes of root proteome reveal diverse responsive proteins in maize subjected to cadmium stress

Toxic symptoms and tolerance mechanisms of heavy metal in maize are well documented. However, limited information is available regarding the changes in the proteome of maize seedling roots in response to cadmium(Cd) stress. Here, we employed an i TRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to characterize the dynamic alterations in the root proteome during early developmental in maize seedling. We conducted our proteomic experiments in three-day seedling subjected to Cd stress, using roots in four time points. We identified a total of 733, 307, 499, and 576 differentially abundant proteins after 12, 24, 48, or 72 h of treatment, respectively. These proteins displayed different functions, such as ribosomal synthesis, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, cell wall organization, cellular metabolism, and carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Of the 166 and 177 proteins with higher and lower abundance identified in at least two time points, 14 were common for three time points. We selected nine proteins to verify their expression using quantitative real-time PCR. Proteins involved in the ribosome pathway were especially responsive to Cd stress. Functional characterization of the proteins and the pathways identified in this study could help our understanding of the complicated molecular mechanism involved in Cd stress responses and create a list of candidate gene responsible for Cd tolerance in maize seeding roots.     

番茄幼苗根系总蛋白SDS-PAGE方法的优化

[目的]建立一套适合番茄幼苗根系蛋白质组分析的SDS-PAGE方法,获得清晰的电泳图谱。[方法]以番茄幼苗根系为试材,对根系蛋白的提取方法和上样量等因素进行了优化。[结果]上样量为60μg时,改良后的TCA-丙酮沉淀法提取的蛋白能够获得分辨率较高、图像清晰、重复性好的SDS-PAGE图谱。[结论]该法可以基本满足番茄幼苗根系蛋白质组学的研究。     

番茄幼苗根系总蛋白SDS-PAGE方法的优化

[目的]建立一套适合番茄幼苗根系蛋白质组分析的SDS-PAGE方法和获得清晰的电泳图谱。[方法]以番茄幼苗根系为试材,对根系蛋白的提取方法和上样量等因素进行了优化。[结果]上样量为60μg时,改良后的TCA-丙酮沉淀法提取的蛋白能够获得分辨率较高、图像清晰、重复性好的SDS-PAGE图谱。[结论]该法可以基本满足番茄幼苗根系蛋白质组学的研究。     

不同育秧工艺对机插早稻秧苗素质的影响

针对早稻育秧技术要求,考察了不同育秧工艺对早稻育秧期生长和插秧效果的影响。结果表明,采用基质育秧(T1)秧苗密度和根系伤流量较大,个体干物质重、茎重与株高比值较小,30 d时秧苗叶绿素SPAD值较低;以营养土铺垫麻基膜育秧(T2)比不铺膜(CK)处理的30 d秧苗密度大,个体根系发达,根系伤流量大;不覆盖处理(T3)死苗率较高,漏插率显著低于其余处理,不符合水稻田间机插秧质量要求,其余处理均符合要求。基质疏松易于秧苗扎根、供肥迅速,但较营养土保肥性差,育秧时应在后期视苗期补施氮肥;麻基膜有利于秧苗根系的生长,具有明显的加性效应;不覆盖不利于秧苗扎根固定,盘内成苗不均,田间机插秧效果较差。     

磁化水对水稻种子萌发,幼苗生长及增产效应的研究

用磁化水浸泡稻种可明显地增强稻种的吸水能力,促进萌发,提高发芽势及发芽率。用磁化水培育稻苗显著地促进了稻苗对N、P、K的吸收,从而导致幼苗根数、茎粗、百株干重及分蘖率的增加。用磁化水灌溉水稻增加了叶片的叶绿素含量、提高了硝酸还原酶活性和束缚水含量、降低了叶片细胞膜在低温下的透性,即增强了水稻的抗逆能力。磁化水改变了稻叶与稻根中的过氧化物酶同工酶谱带的数目。用磁化水灌溉,具有显著的增产效应,其增产幅度为13～23％。在所有磁化水处理中,以0.27T(特斯拉)的效果最佳。     

Higher Chilling-Tolerance of Grafted-Cucumber Seedling Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress

The roots of figleaf gourd （Cucurbita ficifolia, as rootstock） could improve the resistance of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyan 4, as scion） to low temperature. In this experiment, the root activity and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in the own-rooted and grafted-cucumber plants were studied at chilling temperature （4℃） under low irradiance （100 μmol m^2 s^-1 PFD）. Compared with dark adaptation seedlings, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve and the oxidizable P700 （P700＋） of both the own-rooted and grafted seedlings decreased, and PS2 and PS1 of the own-rooted seedling leaves were more inhibited than that of grafted ones at the end of chilling stress. The reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）, which was used to reflect the root activity, kept stable in grafted seedling roots at the end of chilling stress, while it decreased noticeably in the own-rooted seedling roots. These results implied that the root system activity of the grafted seedling roots was higher than that of the own-rooted ones. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was higher in both the grafted seedling roots and leaves than that in own-rooted seedlings at both room temperature and chilling temperature. Upon exposure to chilling stress, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content, which reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation, increased markedly in the own-rooted seedling roots and leaves and kept stable in the grafted-cucumber seedlings.     

植物生长延缓剂对夏季番茄穴盘苗生长及根系形态的影响

研究矮壮素（CCC 200 mg/L）及多效唑（PP₃₃₃ 200 mg/L）灌根处理对夏季高温期番茄穴盘苗生长及根系形态的影响。结果表明,CCC与PP₃₃₃处理均有效控制番茄穴盘苗徒长并提高秧苗品质;番茄幼苗根系长度、根系表面积、根系投影面积随着分级直径的増加,均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,且在直径0.5~1.0 mm时达到峰值。在0.5~1.0 mm直径范围内,PP₃₃₃处理显著促进根长、根系表面积、根系投影面积的增大,而CCC处理则相反;在其他根系直径范围内,各处理根系指标差异不显著。PP₃₃₃处理通过改变营养物质分配,抑制地上部生长,转而促进根系形态建成,具有增强根系吸收水分、养分及物质合成的潜力,而CCC处理不利于幼苗根系形态建成,通过抑制番茄穴盘苗整体生长达到控制地上部徒长的效果。     

氮磷营养对旱冬瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用温室盆栽试验,以Hoagland营养液为母液,其中氮（全氮）和磷（全磷）质量浓度分别为210和62mg·L^-1,通过调节营养液中氮和磷的质量浓度,设置了9种氮和磷配比营养液,对旱冬瓜Alnus nepalensis幼苗进行砂培养试验,从而探讨氮和磷营养对旱冬瓜幼苗的苗高、地径生长和生物量的变化及幼苗吸收氮和磷的影响。结果表明：①不同氮磷营养供应水平对旱冬瓜幼苗的生物量累积、地径和苗高生长量有影响,其中氮的影响达显著水平,磷的影响达极显著水平,氮和磷之间的交互作用不明显。在氮和磷营养配合处理时,只要二者之一的供应水平低于母液中的质量浓度,旱冬瓜幼苗的地上部分生长和根系生长都不如对照。②氮营养水平低于210mg·L^-1时。增加营养液中磷的质量浓度。细根／叶生物量比和地下／地上生物量比降低;氮营养水平等于210mg·L^-1时,增加营养液中磷的质量浓度,这2种生物量比增加;磷营养水平低于62mg·L^-1时,低于或高于210mg·L^-1的氮营养水平导致2种生物量比增大。③在50和210mg·L^-1氮营养水平下,增加供磷质量浓度,根和茎中的氮质量分数逐渐降低,当磷水平增到62mg·L^-1时下降为最低,继续增加磷水平,则开始上升;在50mg·L^-1氮水平下,增加供磷水平,叶中的氮质量分数逐渐上升,磷供应达到62mg·L^-1时最有利叶片中氮的积累;在210mg·L^-1氮水平下,同样为磷在62mg·L。水平时最有利于叶片中氮的积累;不论在何种供氮水平下,在供给32mg·L^-1磷水平时,不利于幼苗对磷的吸收,根、茎、叶中的磷质量分数都最低。图4表3参9,     

对普通丝瓜弱苗、僵苗和瓜过顶植株生长现象的研究

[目的]研究普通丝瓜生长过程中出现的一些异常现象及其原因。[方法]对112个普通丝瓜品种进行调查,研究弱苗、僵苗和瓜过顶的发生比例及其原因。[结果]112个品种内有13个品种出现弱苗现象,占总品种11.6%。弱苗植株长势弱、植株矮小,但无僵苗和瓜过顶现象。43个品种出现僵苗现象,占总品种38.4%,僵苗率100%的有8个品种。22个品种出现瓜过顶现象,占总品种19.6%。瓜过顶植株都是僵苗。干旱和频繁喷药是造成僵苗发生的主因。[结论]在生产过程中采用催芽育苗可减少弱苗。为减少僵苗和瓜过顶现象,应采取以下措施:提高地温;精细定植、中耕;施充分腐熟粪肥,均匀追肥;适时适度灌溉。     

Changes in Nutrient-Homeostasis and Reserves Metabolism During Rice Seed Priming： Consequences for Seedling Emergence and Growth

In this study influence of different seed priming treatments on the nutrient-homeostasis and reserve metabolism during seedling emergence and growth of rice were determined. Seed priming treatments included pre-germination, hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl and CaCl2, ascorbate priming and hardening. All treatments shortened the emergence time and enhanced the energy and index of seedling emergence. Seedlings from primed seeds had greater length, number of roots and fresh and dry mass than control. Among the treatments, CaCl2, ascorbate and KCl proved better in enhancing emergence and seedling growth. Seed priming changed the pattern of N and Ca^2＋ homeostasis both of the seeds and seedlings, which were associated to enhancing s-amylase activity and reducing sugars content. Positive correlations of seedling attributes with nutrient content suggested that as a result of seed priming, most of N and Ca^2＋ were partitioned to embryo, which enhanced seedling emergence and subsequent growth of rice seedlings.