如何诊治鱼类两种鳃病

一、由寄生虫引起的鳃病的治疗若引起疾病的是鳃隐鞭虫、斜管虫、半眉虫、车轮虫、舌杯虫等 ,治疗时应选用硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂 (5∶2 ) 0 7g/m3的浓度全池泼洒或 8g/m3的上述合剂洗浴鱼体。使用该合剂治疗鱼病时 ,应尽量将池中水体体积测准 ,争取一次治愈。因为硫酸铜的毒性较大 ,安全浓度的范围较小 ,若浓度过大会对鱼造成药害 ,若浓度过小又达不到治疗效果 ,而且连续多次使用该药物还会杀灭池水中的部分浮游植物 ,影响水质。治疗这类疾病也可选用硫酸铜的替代药品 ,如鱼苗平等。小瓜虫病的治疗 ,可使用辣椒和生姜煎水全池泼洒 ,效果十…     

浅谈鱼类烂鳃病的诊治

<正>烂鳃病,水产养殖最常见的疾病之一。按理养殖户对烂鳃病并不陌生,而且都能一眼就认出患病鱼是否患有烂鳃病。但是,通过笔者的走访发现,许多养殖户虽然能辨别鱼鳃是否溃烂,但用药后却常常治不住;或者以前治疗烂鳃非常有用的药,下一次用却没有明显的疗效,给养殖户造成巨大的损失。分析其原因,主要是养殖户只认得出烂鳃,却不能清楚的认识引起鱼烂鳃的主要发病诱因,因而造成下药不对症,浪费了治疗的宝贵时间,使病鱼继发其他新的病症。因此,本文将主要介绍     

草鱼两种烂鳃病的诊治

烂鳃病是养鱼生产中的主要危害病种之一。但草鱼烂鳃病可由细菌和寄生虫引起,应严格检查,正确诊断病情和对症及时治疗,才能保障生产的高产和高效运行。一、两类烂鳃病的相同点1．染病部位相同,都发生在草鱼鳃丝上。2．揭开鳃盖观察鳃丝都缺损、充血或糜烂。3．都可引...     

鱼类真菌性鳃病的病因分析与诊治技术

<正>鱼类真菌性鳃病,也称鳃霉病,是指鳃部受真菌感染后出现病症或死亡的一类疾病。鳃霉病的主要病变部位是鳃组织,当真菌附着鳃组织后,菌丝在感染部位繁殖并向周围组织扩散,入侵毛细血管内造成局部出血,并诱发血栓形成,阻塞血液流通导致血液循环障碍,继而鳃组织正常生理结构因缺氧而发生退行性病变,患病鱼在发病2天后即可能发生死亡。生产上,鳃霉病症状与细菌性烂鳃或寄生虫性鳃病有相似之处,检查时极易混淆导致误诊。     

鱼类鳃病及防治

笔者结合近几年在鱼类鳃病防治方面的一些见解与经验,对各种鳃病的防治做一介绍。一、细菌性烂鳃一般我们说的烂鳃病就足指细菌性烂鳃病,又称“乌头瘟”。本病是草鱼最重要的常见病害之一,且常与肠炎、赤皮病并发,使病情复杂化,成为通常所说的“草鱼三病”。其主要症状有三个：开天窗、头发黑、鳃上有淤泥。病鱼行动缓慢,反应迟钝,常离群独游。     

鱼类几种烂鳃病的应对措施

鳃是鱼类重要的呼吸器官,由鳃弓、鳃耙和鳃丝组成.鳃丝组织分布许多毛细血管,水中溶氧通过鳃丝表皮细胞渗透进入血液达到气体交换.鲢鳙等滤食性鱼类通过鳃耙将水体浮游生物过滤进入食道而摄食.同时鳃具有调节体内渗透压作用,可以将过量氨氮等机体代谢产物经鳃器官排泄到体外,如果鳃组织发生病变,将直接破坏呼吸功能,威胁鱼类的生存.所以,在水产养殖过程中及时预防和治疗鳃病显得尤为重要.根据笔者多年生产实践总结,将鱼类烂鳃病的分类及应对措施介绍如下,供水产同仁参考. 1 寄生性烂鳃 1.1 流行季节 流行时间为每年4-9月. 1.2 主要症状 病鱼鱼体发黑,尾柄灰白,鳃盖张开难以闭合,鳃丝发白并参差不齐,鳃片表面黏液增多,鳃片腐烂,镜检可见大量寄生虫如:中华鳋、锚头鳋、指环虫、三代虫、车轮虫、孢子虫等. 1.3 防治方法     

鱼类几种烂鳃病的应对措施

鳃是鱼类的重要呼吸器官。鳃主要由鳃弓、鳃耙、鳃丝三部分组成,鳃丝表面布满微细血管,水中溶氧通过血管进入血液进行气体交换。鲢、鳙鱼等滤食性鱼类通过鳃耙过滤水中浮游生物进入食道而摄食。同时鳃具有调节体内渗透压的作用,可以将体内过多氨氮、二氧化氮等经鳃排出体外,一旦鳃发生病变,就会直接威胁到鱼类的健康,甚至终止其生命运动。下面笔者就近几年来在实践生产中遇到的几种烂鳃病的防治方法做一简介,仅供水产同行参考。     

鱼类常见几种鳃病的防治建议

<正>一、细菌性烂鳃又称乌头瘟。本病是最重要的常见病之一,且常与肠炎、赤皮病并发,使病情复杂化,成为通常所说的草鱼三病。病鱼离群独游,行动缓慢、反应迟钝、呼吸困难、食欲减退或不吃食,体色变黑,尤其头部乌黑,病鱼鳃丝腐烂带有污泥,鳃盖内表面的皮肤往往充血发炎,中间部分常糜烂成一圆形或不规则形的透明小窗,俗称开天窗。鳃上的黏液增多、鳃丝肿胀,鳃丝末端腐烂缺损,软骨外露;鳃的某些部位因局部缺血而呈淡红色或灰白色;有的部位则因局部淤血而呈紫红色,甚至有小出血点。在病变     

鱼类鳃病的综合防治

鳃病是鱼病中最常见的一种疾病，其病因是：病菌、霉菌、原虫、吸虫、化学物质污染、缺乏某些营养物质等造成的。要防治鱼的鳃病，必须根据病因采取综合性防治措施。     

新产品供应信息

1、草鱼是夏花浸泡疫苗。特殊的中草药和莨菪碱作佐剂使疫苗免疫保护力倍增。有别于市场上传统的草鱼疫苗，对草鱼夏花鱼种的免疫保护率高达95%，科技含量国内一流。     

A review of infectious gill disease in marine salmonid fish

Infectious gill diseases of marine salmonid fish present a significant challenge in salmon-farming regions. Infectious syndromes or disease conditions affecting marine-farmed salmonids include amoebic gill disease (AGD), proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) and tenacibaculosis. Pathogens involved include parasites, such as Neoparamoeba perurans, bacteria, such as Piscichlamydia salmonis and Tenacibaculum maritimum, and viruses, such as the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV). The present level of understanding of these is reviewed with regard to risk factors, potential impacting factors, methods of best practice to mitigate infectious gill disease, as well as knowledge gaps and avenues for future research.     

工厂化养殖中小瓜虫病的诊断和治疗

在水产养殖业中,淡水鱼的小瓜虫病被称为"白点病"。鱼类感染小瓜虫病多难以治疗,有时一夜之间全部死亡,原因是小瓜虫生存和繁殖能力极强。作为受害者之一,笔者结合自己的亲身体会和前人的经验,总结心得分享给大家,望广大渔友提早预防。一、小瓜虫的来源每年秋冬之际是小瓜虫暴发的时期,对于池塘养殖水体的小瓜虫大家尚可以理解,但在工厂化循环水养殖系统中(图1),笔者养殖的草鱼苗仍然遭受了小瓜虫的侵害,这说明小瓜虫的感染力是非常强的。     

几种常见类型的鱼病诊断与治疗

<正> 在淡水养鱼生产中,有多种不同的病因引发的鱼病症状相近,易造成误诊,影响治疗,往往造成严重损失。通过多年的生产实践,对于由不同病因引发的相近症状的几种类型的病害的诊断与治疗方法作如下归纳: 1 烂鳃型 1.1 烂鳃病:属细菌性鱼病 症状特点:除鳃内粘液增多,鳃丝膨大、弯曲、腐烂外,病鱼鳃盖骨的内表皮往往充血,严重时中间部分的表皮常腐蚀成一个圆形不规则的透明小窗,俗名“开天窗”。     

Proton pumps in the fish gill and kidney

The proton pump or vacuolar type H⁺-ATPase is an oligomeric protein responsible for electrogenic H⁺ secretion in a variety of acid-secreting epithelia. Recently, the proton pump was identified in both the gill and kidney of freshwater-adapted rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Using immunocytochemistry, H⁺-ATPase has been localized in the pavement cells and chloride cells of the lamellar epithelium. During periods of internal acidosis, there is a marked increase in the expression of the branchial proton pump as identified by Western analysis, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. This augmented expression of proton pumps occurs concomitantly with a marked increase in branchial acid excretion and Na⁺ uptake. Immunocytochemical studies suggest that the pavement cell, rather than the chloride cell, is the predominant site of acid excretion during periods of acidosis. These findings are consistent with the notion that in freshwater teleosts, Na⁺ uptake and H⁺ excretion are linked via the coupling of the electrogenic proton pump to apical membrane Na⁺ channels. This mechanism may be controlled by hormones including cortisol and/or growth hormone. The fish kidney plays an important role in regulating acidosis via the re-absorption of filtered HCO₃ ^-. Recently, we have demonstrated using Western analysis and immunocytochemistry, the presence of proton pump in rainbow trout kidney and observed increased H⁺-ATPase expression during respiratory acidosis. These new findings suggest a role for the renal proton pump in acid-base regulation.     

鱼鳃上氯细胞的结构与功能

<正> 鱼类的鳃不仅是进行O_2和CO_2交换的器官,而且还参与鱼体内代谢产物的排泄、渗透压调节和酸碱的调节。这些排泄和调节都与鳃丝上皮中的氯细胞(Chloride cell)密切相关。1 氯细胞的结构 氯细胞最早是由Key和Willmer发现的。氯细胞主要分布在鳃丝上皮内。此外,还在鱼的皮肤、假鳃和鳃盖上皮中发现。氯细胞的结构十分特     

Salmonid gill bacteria and their relationship to amoebic gill disease

16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis was used to assess the bacterial community associated with Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., gills which were either affected by amoebic gill disease (AGD) or were AGD-negative, in order to determine the role that bacteria may play in the development of AGD. AGD-positive specimens were either infected in the laboratory with Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, the causative agent of AGD, or were obtained from commercial salmon cages. Samples from laboratory fish maintained in sea water possessed a marine-type community while field samples which had been treated by a series of freshwater baths possessed a more diverse community which included variable proportions of different bacterial ecotypes, including groups typically associated with soil, skin surfaces and faeces. Samples from fish infected with AGD in the laboratory and a sample from one of two salmon cage fish specimens were dominated by a phylotype belonging to the strictly marine bacterial genus Psychroserpens (family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes). The phylotype was not detected in any of the AGD-negative samples or in one of two AGD-positive samples obtained from fish subjected to temporary freshwater immersion. The possibility of certain Psychroserpens species as potential opportunistic pathogens associated with salmonid AGD is proposed.     

鱼类应激性出血病的防治

鱼类应激性出血病是鱼类对环境中异常的、不良的胁迫因子而产生的一种非特异性、生理性紧张状态的一种反应,常表现为体表充血,肝胆异常,鳃出血或淤血呈现紫鳃的症状。     

鲫鳃出血病2种病原菌的分离及鉴定

从患有鳃出血病的鲫鳃组织分离出2种革兰氏阴性杆菌,并进行形态特征及16S r RNA基因序列分析。结果显示,这2种病原菌为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)和阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)。体外溶血试验结果显示,2种菌对鱼的红细胞都有较强的溶血作用,且维氏气单胞菌的溶血速率明显高于阴沟肠杆菌。人工感染试验显示,这2种菌都具有较强的毒力,两者混合感染比单独感染致病率更高;但单独感染时阴沟肠杆菌比维氏气单胞菌引起的鳃出血症状更明显。5种常用水产药的耐药性结果表明两种菌都有一定的耐药性,但是维氏气单胞菌的耐药性更强。     

河鲀鱼养殖疑难病的诊断与治疗

在日本,由于近几年河鲀鱼病害发生的复杂性,给河鲀鱼养殖带来相当的危害。原本在养殖业中具有相当水准和经验的养殖业者,也为目前所遭遇河鲀鱼复杂病害的侵扰而无奈。本文以2004年在三瓶湾海域所发生的河鲀鱼养殖病害的诊断为例,做如下叙述。