真武汤口服液对肉鸡腹水综合征预防效果的研究

肉鸡腹水综合征（Ascites Syndrome，AS），又称肺动脉高压综合征，是一种以右心肥大和腹腔内积聚大量浆液性、淡黄色液体为特征的营养代谢性疾病。AS是多因子作用导致的综合征侯群，病因涉及环境、饲养管理、营养和遗传诸多方面。其中环境低温已被确定是引发As的主要诱因。试验采用低温建模法人工复制AS动物模型，并运用中兽医理论对腹水征的病理表现加以分析，以温阳利水、理气健脾、利水除湿为预防原则，对经典处方真武汤加以改进，并制成中药口服液，添加于日常饮水中，对AS加以预防，同时动态测定红细胞数量（RBC）、红细胞压积（PCV）、腹水心脏指数（AHI）、血红蛋白含量（Hemoglobin，Hb）以及统计腹水发生率，并测定血液和心、肝、肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（NDA）含量变化，以探讨真武汤口服液对AS的预防效果。     

真武汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的预防效果

选用肉仔鸡256只，随机分成正常对照、腹水征对照、真武汤预防和维生素C＋E预防4个组，研究了真武汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的预防效果。结果显示，真武汤预防组和正常对照组腹水发病率极显著低于腹水征对照组（P〈0．01），真武汤预防组腹水发病率显著低于腹水征对照组（P〈0．05）；腹水征对照组AHI极显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），显著高于真武汤预防组（P〈0．05）；腹水征对照组PCV、RBC和Hb均显著高于真武汤预防组和正常对照组（P〈0．05）；真武汤预防组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中SOD活性显著高于腹水征对照组（P〈0．05），同时真武汤预防组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中的MDA含量显著低于腹水征对照组（P〈0．05）。结果表明，饮水中加真武汤口服液，能提高机体抗氧化能力，改善血液组织中的理化参数，提高机体抗冷应激能力，降低AS的发病率。     

真武汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的防治作用

选用15日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡256只,随机分成C1、C2、T1、T24个处理组。C1组在常温(18~22℃)环境中饲养,饮水中不添加任何药物,为正常对照组;T1、T2和C2组在低温(8~12℃)环境中饲养。人工复制肉鸡腹水综合征(AS)模型,T1组饮水中按肉鸡体重添加真武汤口服液剂量为0.8 mL.kg-1(中药组);T2组饮水中添加维生素C和维生素E,剂量分别为0.5 g.L-1和0.1 g.L-1,作为药物预防组(维生素组),用药期均为20 d;C2组饮水中不添加任何药物,为模型对照组,以探讨真武汤口服液对肉鸡AS的预防效果。结果表明:整个试验期间,T1、C1组腹水发病率极显著低于C2组(P<0.01),T2组腹水发病率显著低于C2组(P<0.05),T1、C1组发病率最低,为3.13%,C2组发病率最高,为17.19%;C2组腹水心脏指数(AHI)极显著高于C1组(P<0.01),显著高于T1组(P<0.05);T1组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于C2组(P<0.05),同时T1组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于C2组(P<0.05)。结论:饮水中添加真武汤口服液,能提高机体抗氧化能力,改善血液组织中的理化参数,提高机体抗冷应激能力,明显降低腹水综合征的发生。     

参芪颗粒预防肉鸡腹水综合征的研究

15日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡240只,分为6组,一组于常规温度下饲养,为正常对照组;其余5组均在低温下饲养,一组为硝苯地平组,为药物对照组;一组不给任何药物,为阳性对照组;余下3组作为试验组,分别给予高、中、低剂量的参芪颗粒制剂,连用15 d。结果表明:低温饲养能明显提高肉鸡腹水发病率,中剂量及高剂量组腹水发病率明显低于阳性对照组。腹水心脏指数、肺动脉压指标显示,药物对照组、不同剂量参芪颗粒组均能不同程度地改善腹水心脏指数及肺动脉压,参芪颗粒对肉鸡腹水综合征有防治作用。     

中药防制肉鸡腹水综合征的初步研究

试验肉鸡分为5组,一组于常规温度下饲养,为正常对照组;其余4组以低温饲养诱发腹水综合征,其中一组不给任何药物,作为模型对照组,其它3组作为试验组,给予真武汤、姜术汤和苓桂术甘汤制剂.结果显示,低温饲养能明显提高肉鸡腹水发病率,真武汤和苓桂术甘汤的两个试验组腹水发病率明显低于模型对照组.腹水心脏指数及红细胞压积、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量指标显示,三个处方均能不同程度地改善腹水心脏指数及血液学参数,真武汤优于其它两个处方.     

肉鸡腹水综合征的预防与治疗

1预防 1.1改善鸡群管理条件 1.1.1改进和加强通风依据饲养规模确定合理密度,防止拥挤,并且采用合理的通风换气系统,增加氧含量,减少尘埃、有害气体对鸡呼吸器官的刺激. 1.1.2温度控制低温提高了代谢率,增加了氧的消耗和血流量,加重了心脏负担而致病.有条件时采用恒温器控制风扇和由定时钟控制的正压通风系统来保持适宜的温度,降低发病率.     

肉鸡腹水综合征的病因分析

肉鸡腹水综合征是肉鸡生产中一种常见的非传染性疾病。本病主要侵害肉鸡，但肉鸭、烤用鸡、火鸡、蛋鸡及观赏鸟类也有发生本病的报道，其主要特征是腹腔内积聚大量液体。多发生于4周龄以上的肉鸡。冬季多发，发病率低，但死亡率高，严重影响肉鸡业生产。     

肉鸡腹水综合征的防治经验

肉鸡腹水综合征简称腹水症,又名“心衰综合征”,它是由于生长速度快、氧气供应不足等诸多因素而引起。以腹部膨大下垂、皮肤变簿发亮、触诊有波动感、剖检腹腔内有大量的淡黄色液体、心脏肥大和心包积液为主要特征。发病率和死亡率高达35%以上。症状较轻的鸡其屠宰率及屠宰品质也下降,严重地影响了养殖户的经济效益。又因目前对本病无特效疗法,最根本的办法是针对发病的原因采取综合预防措施,因而与猝死症、腿病合称为世界肉鸡养殖业的三大新病。以下是笔者在长期实践中的一些经验,希望能对养殖者有所帮助。1临床症状病鸡表现精神沉郁,羽毛…     

肉鸡腹水综合征

肉鸡腹水综合征是危害快速生长幼龄肉鸡的以浆液性液体过多地聚积在腹腔为特征的非传染性疾病。近年来,很多学者对该病进行了研究。、本文就近年来对肉鸡腹水综合征的研究作一概述。     

肉鸡腹水综合征

肉鸡腹水综合征是危害快速生长幼龄肉鸡的以浆液性液体过多地聚积在腹腔为特征的非传染性疾病。近年来,很多学者对该病进行了研究。、本文就近年来对肉鸡腹水综合征的研究作一概述。     

肉食鸡腹水症发生的主要原因及防制措施

肉食鸡腹水症又名水肚,在世界上许多地区已成为导致肉食鸡死亡的一个主要疾病,其发病原因很复杂,主要包括遗传育种缺陷、饲养管理不善、饲养温度过低、环境恶劣等因素.笔者根据多年的临床经验把肉食鸡腹水症的主要原因及防制措施归纳为如下几个方面,仅供参考.     

Importance of Escherichia coli infection in ascites in broiler chickens shown by experimental production

Common commercial strain male broilers aged 14 days were intratracheally inoculated with 0.2 ml of 1.2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of Escherichia coli in nutrient broth and kept in a cool environment during the experiment. Ascites was produced in five surviving and two dead birds out of 50 but not in 50 mock-infected control birds. Among the 40 survivors that were infected, the erythrocyte packed cell volume (PCV) of the 10 birds with pericarditis was the same as in 21 grossly normal birds, although that of the four birds with enlarged right ventricle (RV) was high. The pericarditis caused by E. coli septicemia was not the primary cause of ascites. However, the PCV was high in some of the survivors with an enlarged RV without pericarditis, indicating overload due to the lung lesion. These data suggested that some of the birds with an enlarged RV, caused by supplying blood that was insufficiently oxygenated for the body size, suffered from ascites.     

Swollen-head syndrome in broiler chickens

Swollen-head syndrome is a disease seen in broiler chickens between 4 and 6 weeks of age in Southern Africa. It appears to be caused by a mixed coronavirus and Escherichia coli infection. The coronavirus appears to be of a hitherto unrecorded serotype. The disease is controlled by an attenuated live-virus vaccine and antibacterial medication.     

肉鸡腹水症与大肠杆菌并发症的诊治

2003年6月,宣州区金坝乡某养鸡场饲养的近5000羽肉鸡,从22日龄至33日龄,陆续发病。发病率达60%以上,死亡率达40%,病程约2～4d。发病后用青霉素、链霉素拌料,恩诺沙星饮水均无明显效果,经临诊与实验室检查,诊断为肉鸡腹水症与大肠杆菌合并症。1临诊症状与病理变化病鸡精神萎靡,缩头闭眼,蹲于一隅,饮水、采食减少。腹部膨胀,呈青紫色,羽毛松乱,呼吸困难,病鸡陆续死亡。打开腹腔,即见清亮、淡黄色、半透明的浸出液和胶体纤维状凝块充满腹腔。肝脏瘀血肿大,呈暗紫色,表面覆盖一层灰黄色的纤维素膜。心室扩张,心壁变薄,心肌松弛,腺胃乳头间隔以及…     

Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of ascites in broiler chickens.

1. This work examined the effect of using three different feeding regimens in the prophylaxis and treatment of ascites in fastgrowing broilers stressed by exposure to cold (less than 10 degrees C), itself a potent inducer of ascites. 2. Broilers were exposed to cold in tiered cages in a semi-open poultry shed from the age of 24, 29 or 34 d and from day 35 they were given one of three types of food (pellets, pellets with high energy content, mash). Total mortality and mortality with ascites were recorded and erythrocyte packed cell volume (PCV) and relative weight of the right ventricle were measured (both reliable indices of ascites development). 3. Despite relatively low ambient temperatures and consequent high mortality from ascites, the mash diet was effective both in preventing ascites (prophylaxis) and in treating existing ascites.     

肉鸡低血糖-尖峰死亡综合征

1　概况肉鸡低血糖 -尖峰死亡综合征 ( hyperglycemia-spiking mortality syndrome of broiler chickens,HSMS)是一种主要侵害肉仔鸡的传染病 ,其病原目前尚未确定。 1 0～ 1 8日龄为发病高峰期 [1,9] ,也有报道 42日龄肉鸡发生 [2 ] 。临床表现为突然出现的高死亡率 ( >1 .0 % )至少持续 3～ 5天 ,同时伴有低血糖症。病鸡头部震颤 ,运动失调 ,昏迷 ,失明 ,死亡。有些病鸡可以自然康复 ,但常会出现生长发育不良、矮小和气囊炎[3～ 5,10 ] 。本病自 1 986年美国 Delmarva半岛地区首次报道后[3 ] ,加拿大、南非、马来西亚、欧洲等国家均有本…     

日粮营养与肉鸡腹水综合症

肉鸡腹水综合症(AscitesSyndroneofbroilers)又称毒性脂肪中毒、高山症、充血性心力衰竭、中毒性心脏病、禽水肿等,是近几年来出现的几种重要疾病之一,发病率为5%~20%,病鸡死亡率高达60%。主要侵害2-6周龄的生长快速的鸡,其共同特征为鸡腹水增多、肝脏硬化或萎缩、心脏扩大肺淤血水肿、腹部着地呈企鹅状。大量的研究成果表明,本病的发病因素很复杂,认为是一种代谢病,主要与遗传育种、营养因子、环境应激、缺氧、毒素、药物和疾病等因素有关,目前尚无良好的治疗方法,在生产中主要以防为主,笔者根据调查和临床经验,就其营养调控措施介绍如下,…     

The oral bioavailability of ibuprofen enantiomers in broiler chickens

Doses of racemic ibuprofen ranging from 5 to 20 mg/kg body weight were administered intravenously (i.v.) and orally to broiler chickens and plasma concentration-time profiles for both ibuprofen enantiomers were determined. The absorption of ibuprofen was evaluated after a bolus administration of a commercially available suspension into the crop and proventriculus, respectively. An enterohepatic circulation as described for other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in other species could be suggested for both enantiomers after i.v. and oral administration. Significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) values for S(+)-ibuprofen compared with R(-)-ibuprofen were collected after crop and proventriculus administration. Several factors could be responsible for the significant differences in AUC values between both enantiomers.     

Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of pentoxyfylline in broiler chickens

The pharmacokinetic properties of pentoxyfylline and its metabolites were determined in healthy chickens after single intravenous and oral dosage of 100 mg/kg pentoxyfylline. Plasma concentrations of pentoxyfylline and its metabolites were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method. After intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration, the plasma concentration-time curves were best described by a one-compartment open model. The mean elimination half-life (t(1/2el)) of pentoxyfylline was 1.05 h, total body clearance 1.90 L/h x kg, volume of distribution 2.40 L/kg and the mean residence time was 2.73 h, after i.v. administration. After oral dosing, mean maximal plasma concentration of pentoxyfylline was 4.01 microg/mL and the interval from p.o. administration until maximum concentration was 1.15 h. The mean oral bioavailability was found to be 28.2%. Metabolites I, IV and V were present in chicken plasma after both i.v. and p.o. administration, with metabolite V being the most dominant.