聚合乳清蛋白对低脂切达干酪理化性质的影响

以聚合乳清蛋白（polymerized whey protein,PWP）为脂肪替代物,瑞士乳杆菌为附属发酵剂,制作低脂切达干酪,研究PWP对低脂切达干酪理化性质及感官特性的影响。结果表明：PWP协同瑞士乳杆菌发酵能够提高低脂切达干酪水分、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、挥发性风味物质含量及乳酸菌总数,并显著提高低脂切达干酪的感官特性及可接受性;PWP的添加缩短了脂肪成熟期,低脂切达干酪成熟期pH 4.6-可溶性氮（soluble nitrogen,SN）含量增加9.45%,12 g/100 mL三氯乙酸-SN含量增加11.74%;添加PWP和附属发酵剂对低脂切达干酪成品率无显著影响。PWP可作为一种脂肪替代物用于生产质构、口感特性良好的低脂切达干酪。     

辅助发酵剂对切达(Cheddar)干酪坚果风味的影响

坚果风味是我国消费者喜爱的干酪风味,可以利用辅助发酵剂增强干酪坚果风味。本研究在四种坚果风味较浓郁的干酪中分离筛选出不同的乳酸菌作为辅助发酵剂,利用其制作切达(Cheddar)干酪,并对干酪组成成分、游离氨基酸、挥发性风味物质进行分析。结果表明,分离筛选出的辅助发酵剂对Cheddar干酪的组分没有显著影响,但可以改变干酪风味,菌株Lactobacillus rhamnosus T8较适合作为增加Cheddar干酪中坚果味的辅助发酵剂。     

桑树品种选792桑叶成分测定分析与评价

对桑树品种选792桑叶的部分营养成分及重金属含量进行了分析测定,结果表明:1-DNJ、蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性总糖的含量分别为0.1163%、21.94%、2.12%、15.78%;17种游离氨基酸总量为21.66g/100g,其中7种必需氨基酸含量达8.09g/100g;重金属砷、铅、镉、汞的含量分别为0.140mg/kg、0.045mg/kg、0.004mg/kg、0.042mg/kg,远低于绿色食品脱水蔬菜的国家标准。     

牦牛肉中游离氨基酸含量的分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了7头麦洼牦牛后腿肌肉中游离氨基酸的含量。在牦牛肉中检测到16种游离的标准氨基酸,总含量为532.34±86.74 mg/100 g,其中含量最高的游离氨基酸为精氨酸,其次为组氨酸,这两种氨基酸约占游离氨基酸总量的75%。     

苹果渣发酵饲料活性物质含量及影响因素研究

研究供试发酵剂、原料组成及灭菌方式对苹果渣发酵单细胞蛋白饲料中游离氨基酸、活性肽及水溶性蛋白含量的影响,为果渣发酵饲料品质研究提供新的科学依据。以未发酵纯果渣原料作为对照组,设发酵剂、灭菌方式及原料组成3个因素,采用固态发酵及比色法对发酵产物进行品质分析。结果表明:接菌、灭菌及添加油渣处理后发酵产物游离氨基酸含量为10.19～17.96 g/kg,较对照组增加87.7%～230.8%;生物活性肽含量为0.71～0.96 g/kg,较对照组增加255.0%～380.0%;水溶性蛋白质含量为7.89～14.87 g/kg,较对照组增加279.3%～614.9%。采用混菌发酵,在原料中添加油渣和氮素及灭菌处理对提高苹果渣发酵饲料游离氨基酸、生物活性肽以及水溶性蛋白质含量有显著作用(P<0.05)。     

成熟过程对红曲霉干酪中生物胺的影响及其安全性评估

研究红曲霉干酪成熟过程中,不同成熟温度、不同成熟时间对产生的生物胺种类及含量的影响.结果表明:红曲霉干酪成熟过程中酪胺、β-苯乙胺和组胺是3种典型生物胺,且生物胺含量随成熟时间的延长和成熟温度的升高呈增加趋势;β-苯乙胺出现在成熟后期,组胺出现在温度较高的成熟条件下,酪胺的含量和增加速率均高于其他2种生物胺,出现时间也...     

驼乳和牛乳混合干酪的研制

研究了驼乳和牛乳混合干酪的最佳配方,及成熟期间理化和微生物指标的变化。最佳工艺配方为：牛乳的添加比例为40%,发酵剂的添加量为0.06g/L,CaC12的添加量为0.08g/L,凝乳酶的添加量为0.24g/L,凝乳温度为35℃,凝乳pH为6.1。混合干酪成熟期间,蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、水分含量降低;硬度、咀嚼性增强,黏着性和弹性下降;pH4.6-SN、12%TCA-SN和5%PTA-SN的含量均有不同程度的上升;发酵剂乳酸菌数逐渐下降,非发酵剂活菌数逐渐升高。     

氯化钙的添加量对半硬质干酪品质影响研究

研究氯化钙的添加量对半硬质干酪品质的影响,以确定其最佳添加量。采用单因素试验设计,氯化钙的添加量分别为0、5、10、15、20g/100kg牛奶。在其它工艺条件相同的情况下,分别加工一批干酪,然后测定成熟干酪的性能指标。结果表明,随着氯化钙添加量的增加,干酪的感官评定值逐渐降低;干酪的硬度、pH4.6可溶性氮含量、游离氨基酸总量和水分含量逐渐增加,而pH值变化不大。以感官评定值为主指标,结合其它性能指标,确定氯化钙的最佳添加量为0-5g/100kg。     

平凉红牛肉质营养成分测定分析

对平凉红牛的肉质营养成分进行了测定分析。结果显示:平凉红牛肉块干物质含量(28.40±1.14)g/100 g,粗蛋白(27.25±0.91)g/100 g,粗脂肪(3.49±0.38)g/100 g,粗灰分(1.36±0.46)g/100 g,铁(30.15±6.19)mg/100 g,锌(1.99±0.73)mg/100 g,硒(3.92±0.57)μg/100 g;牛肉块总氨基酸(TAA)含量(15.736±0.518)g/100 g,必需氨基酸(EAA)含量(6.053±0.422)g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量的比值(EAA/TAA)(38.585±0.628)%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)(60.724±0.592)%。平凉红牛肉块必需氨基酸评分中赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸、苏氨酸均高于FAO/WHO氨基酸评分标准模式,平凉红牛肉块中鲜味氨基酸的总含量大于6.00 g/100 g。说明平凉红牛营养成分种类齐全,含量丰富,是优质的动物性食品资源,极具开发利用价值。     

瑞士乳杆菌ATCC 15009对干酪成熟的影响

干酪的成熟是形成干酪特有的风味、质地和组织状态以及影响加工成本的最关键工艺。添加辅助发酵剂是目前较为成熟的一种促进干酪成熟的方法。本文将不同剂量的瑞士乳杆菌ATCC15009作为辅助发酵剂添加到古达奶酪中,通过检测奶酪成熟过程中的乳酸菌自溶情况、可溶性氮含量以及感官评定等指标分析了ATCC15009对奶酪成熟的影响。结果证明瑞士乳杆菌ATCC15009具有很强的自溶能力,可以有效分解蛋白质并促进干酪的成熟,同时改善干酪的风味。     

市售进口Camembert干酪的游离脂肪酸和挥发性风味物质对比研究

分别采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)法和顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)-GC-MS法对6种不同品牌的市售Camembert干酪的游离脂肪酸和挥发性风味化合物进行比较分析。结果表明:6种市售进口Camembert干酪中的游离脂肪酸种类是一致的,肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸是水解生成量较多的游离脂肪酸,且6种样品的总游离脂肪酸含量差异不显著;6种样品所含的挥发性风味化合物含量存在显著性差异,其中样品FRA1和FRA2的羧酸类化合物含量最高,而其他4种样品的酮类化合物含量较高,这可能与干酪的成熟度有关;感官评价结果表明,样品FRA1和FRA2的单项感官指标评分和总体评分均较低,其他4种干酪得分无显著性差异。     

Edam干酪的特征滋味

对Edam干酪中乳酸、氯化钠、游离氨基酸以及游离脂肪酸4 种特征滋味物质进行测定,并通过口腔唾液、模拟唾液以及普通去离子水3 种处理方式对干酪样品进行处理,对比干酪中乳酸、氯化钠、游离氨基酸的含量,并用滋味活度值判定对干酪滋味的贡献,同时对干酪进行感官评价。结果表明：经3 种方式处理后,乳酸对干酪滋味无贡献;氯化钠主要赋予干酪咸味,且人体唾液和普通去离子水处理后的含量差异不显著;游离脂肪酸主要赋予干酪酸味和醇厚感,经人体唾液处理后,干酪中的游离氨基酸中的谷氨酸含量低于阈值,无法感知到鲜味;感官分析结果表明     

西藏阿旺绵羊羊肉品质分析

为进一步研究阿旺绵羊在高原环境下生长的羊肉品质,结合西藏本地其他类群羊肉进行对比研究。经现场和实验室对肉品质进行测定,并与多玛绵羊羊肉品质进行了肉质常规营养和氨基酸含量分析对比。结果表明,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的8种必需氨基酸总体含量都比较高,总氨基酸含量为20.68 g/100 g,其中,必需氨基酸总量为8.75 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的42.31%,非必需氨基酸总量为11.93 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的57.69%,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的蛋白质含量平均为22.01%,胆固醇含量为每100 g肉中含30.81 mg,阿旺绵羊羊肉中水分含量达到73.03%,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的脂肪含量平均为3.19 g/100 g,且矿物质含量丰富。     

五河野生大豆种子营养成分及饲用价值研究

采用田间试验和分析测试研究了安徽五河野生大豆种子的主要营养成分和饲用价值。结果表明,五河野生大豆营养丰富;蛋白质含量为38.92%,脂肪含量为16.94%,粗纤维含量为4.1%,总糖含量为10.14%,钙、镁的含量分别为0.357%和0.059%,总异黄酮的含量为0.13%,总游离氨基酸含量为960.2 mg/100 g粗蛋白,微量元素锌、铜的含量分别为37.3 和41.4 mg/kg。 五河野生大豆的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和普通大豆接近。13种脂肪酸中以亚油酸、油酸含量较高,且与普通大豆相当,亚麻酸含量高于普通大豆;17种氨基酸中以酪氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸含量较高,其限制氨基酸为色氨酸、苏氨酸、胱氨酸。五河野生大豆种子具有较好的饲用价值,可以作为优质蛋白质饲料加以开发利用。     

溆浦鹅肉营养成分与品质分析

参照国家食品相关标准分析的测定方法对溆浦鹅胸肌和腿肌肉营养成分和肉品质进行了比较分析和营养品质评价。结果表明:溆浦鹅屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率分别为90.11%、80.45%、68.62%,脂肪率为4.93%,肝重100.75 g;屠宰24 h后pH在5.71~5.94之间,胸肌肌肉失水率27.54%,腿肌失水率20.58%,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分分别为22.64%、2.72%、2.30%、70.17%;肉中铁、铜、锌、镁、钙、硒平均含量分别为6.97 mg/100g、0.41 mg/100g、2.57 mg/100g、39.94 mg/100g、13.84 mg/100g、18.71μg/100g;肌纤维直径39.52μm,肌纤维密度630.1根/mm2;17种氨基酸总量(干样)为568.53 mg/g,必需氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸平均比例分别为46.74%、26.12%、34.22%,根据氨基酸评分,溆浦鹅的第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸;肌苷酸1.435 mg/g;饱和脂肪酸32.45%,单不饱和脂肪酸46.6%,多不饱和脂肪酸21.24%,胆固醇55.94 mg/100g。与常规禽肉对比,溆浦鹅肉蛋白高、脂肪低、产肉性能好,含较丰富的硒、钙、镁、铁等矿物元素,且胆固醇含量低、肌苷酸含量高,有较好的食用价值与保健作用。     

Study on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

In order to develop product and improve breeding for Guangxi partridge chickens,the slaughter performance,amino acids,inosine acid and fatty acids contents in muscle were measured and evaluated for Guangxi partridge chickens at 120 days old,which were raised at same nutrition level and management. Carcass traits and meat characteristics were evaluated. The results were showed that the dressing percentage and eviscerated yield percentage of cocks and hens were 90.15%,92.57% and 69.12%, 68.08%,respectively. The total amino acids in the breast and leg muscles of cocks and hens were 20.37,18.40 and 21.30, 18.44 g/100 g,respectively. The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids in breast and leg muscles of cocks and hens were 39.32%,42.33% and 42.72%, 43.06%,respectively,and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were 84.33,88.82 and 90.44, 90.77,respectively. The content of delicious,sweet,branched chain amino acids and inosinic acid in breast muscle were 0.85 g/100 g,0.42 g/100 g,0.56 g/100 g and 1.55 mg/g higher than that in leg muscle,respectively,and the content of sweet amino acids in hens was 0.40 g/100 g more than that in cocks. The first limiting amino acid was Met+Cys in muscle of Guangxi partridge chickens. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were mainly components of unsaturated fatty acids in muscle,palmitic acid and stearic acid were mainly components of saturated fatty acids in muscle. The relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids in leg muscle were higher than that in breast muscle, and their contents in hens were more than that in cocks. All these showed that the Guangxi partridge chickens had good meat production,flavor and high nutrition value,meanwhile the nutritional values in hens were superior than that in cocks.     

广西麻鸡屠宰性能和肉品质研究

为了对广西麻鸡进行产品开发和品种改良,本研究选择在相同营养水平和饲养管理条件下的30只120日龄广西麻鸡（公、母各半）进行屠宰试验和肉质分析,测定其屠宰性能,肌肉中氨基酸、肌苷酸以及脂肪酸含量。结果显示,公、母鸡屠宰率分别为90.15%和92.57%,全净膛率为69.12%和68.08%;公、母鸡的胸肌和腿肌中氨基酸总量分别为20.37、18.40及21.30、18.44 g/100 g;公、母鸡的胸肌和腿肌必需氨基酸/总氨基酸（EAA/TAA）分别为39.32%、42.33%及42.72%、43.06%,必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）分别为84.33、88.82及90.44、90.77;胸肌的鲜味、甜味、支链氨基酸和肌苷酸含量分别比腿肌多0.85 g/100 g、0.42 g/100 g、0.56 g/100 g和1.55 mg/g,母鸡甜味氨基酸比公鸡多0.40 g/100 g;广西麻鸡肌肉第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;肌肉的不饱和脂肪酸主要由油酸和亚油酸组成,饱和脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸和硬脂酸组成;腿肌多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸相对含量均比胸肌高,母鸡较公鸡高。综合分析表明,广西麻鸡具备优质地方肉鸡的良好产肉性能,风味佳,营养价值高,母鸡的营养优于公鸡。     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Maggot Dry on Meat Performance,Nutritional Quality and Flavor Compounds of Meat in Qingjiao Ma Chickens

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of maggot dry on meat performance,nutritional quality and flavor compounds of meat in Qingjiao Ma chickens.A total of 1200 Qingjiao Ma cocks at 35 days of age were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 4 replicates per group and 150 chickens per replicate.The chickens in control group were only fed the basic diet (without maggot dry),and those in the experiment group were fed basal diet supplemented with 3% maggot dry.The chickens in two groups were raised in the same conditions.At 70 days of age,eight cocks were randomly selected and slaughtered in each group.The results showed as follows:①The meat performance in control group and experiment group were all good,and had no significant difference (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the crude protein contents of chest and leg muscle in experiment group were increased by 8.8% and 4.4% (P<0.05),respectively,and the amino acids (especially essential amino acid) contents were increased by 11.0% and 2.3% (P<0.05),respectively;The relative contents of nutmeg acid and pentadecane acid in chest and leg muscle of experiment group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the delicious amino acid content in chest and leg muscle were increased by 11.9% and 3.5%,respectively;the inosine acid content in chest muscle of experiment group was increased by 21.1%,The four kinds of special volatile flavor substances (dipentene,methoxyacetone,3-nonanone and isobutyl lactate) of meat in experiment group were obtained,and the flavour components of aldehyde and mushroom alcohol were higher than those of control group.Therefore,dietary supplementation of 3% maggot dry could increase the contents of crude protein,amino acids,delicious substance and volatile flavour compounds,and helped to produce chickens with flavor and nutritious meats.