用重组蛋白NcSAG1t作为ELISA诊断抗原进行马、犬新孢子虫的血清学诊断

直到1988年,人们一直错误的把犬新孢子虫(N eospora can inum)当作Toxop lasm a gond ii,因为这两个寄生虫在形态学上是极为相似的[1]。认为N.can inum是引起胎儿流产和新生犊牛死亡以及狗的神经肌肉麻痹症的主要原因[2,3]。就现在掌握的资料,狗是惟一的能够排泄N.can inum卵囊     

用重组蛋白 NcSAG1t作为ELISA诊断抗原进行改良绒山羊Neospora caninum的血清学诊断

N caninum；NcSAG1t；ELISA；改良绒山羊；抗体     

天峻县土种藏系羊弓形虫病的血清学调查

应用弓形虫的间接血凝试验（IHA）,对来自青海省天峻县的108份土种藏系羊的血清,进行弓形虫间接血凝抗体的检测。结果检出4份阳性血清,血清阳性率为3．70％。     

青海天峻土种藏系羊衣原体病的血清学调查

土种藏系羊衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体(Chlamydia Psittaci)感染引起的一种接触性传染病,衣原体广泛寄生于人类、鸟类、哺乳动物,它可引起不同种动物的多症候群疾病,藏羊感染后临床上以发热、流产和其他繁殖障碍为主要特征,也可引起肺炎、多发性关节炎、脑脊髓炎和腹泻等病症,该病又叫母羊地方性流产、母羊衣原体流产.为查清天峻县土种藏羊中该病的感染情况,根据本省动物疫病预防控制中心的安排,我们于2009年4～7月应用衣原体病IHA进行了血清学调查,结果报告如下.     

以重组蛋白作为诊断抗原用ELISA方法对马梨形虫病调查

马梨形虫病是一种蜱传播的血液原虫病，以高热、贫血、黄疸、出血、呼吸困难等症状为特征，具有一定地区性和季节性。在我国大部分地区历年来均有不同程度的发生和流行，发病率曾高达49．09％，病死率为10％，常给养马户造成较大的经济损失。     

牛轮状病毒重组VP7蛋白抗原间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

以纯化的原核表达的牛轮状病毒VP7蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测牛轮状病毒抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法。特异性试验表明,该抗原与其他5种常见牛病病毒(IBRV、BCV、BRSV、ETEC、Cj)的阳性血清无交叉反应,板内和板间重复性试验的变异系数均小于10%;对来自不同牛场的血清样本检测结果显示,该检测方法与病毒中和试验检测结果符合率达87.2%。本试验建立的ELISA诊断方法具有良好的重复性、敏感性和特异性,为BRV的快速诊断、免疫牛群血清抗体监测及轮状病毒流行病学调查提供了一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

以p33重组蛋白为抗原建立牛瑟氏泰勒虫病间接ELISA诊断方法

牛瑟氏泰勒虫病是由瑟氏泰勒虫(T.sergenti)寄生于牛红细胞、淋巴细胞内引起的一种蜱传播性血液原虫病[1]。该病发病具有明显的季节性,在本地牛中多呈带虫现象,而在引进牛和改良牛中的发病率和死亡率均较高。随着牛瑟氏泰勒虫病流行区域的不断扩大,发病率也在不断上升,严重制约     

用裁截的E2重组蛋白作为抗原建立ELISA检测猪瘟病毒抗体

猪瘟 ( CSF)是猪的一种传染性致死性疫病 ,该病在家猪群和野猪群中流行传播 ,造成地方流行性感染。猪瘟病毒 ( CSFV)是黄病毒科瘟病毒属成员之一 ,本属中还有另 2种具有经济重要性的病毒 :边界病病毒 ( BDV)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒( BVDV)。瘟病毒属成员在结构上和抗原性上密切相关。 CSFV的基因组为长约 1 2 .3kb的正极性RNA,其编码为单一多蛋白 ,形成成熟的病毒蛋白。CSFV感染后 ,在猪体内产生抗结构蛋白 E2 、Erns及非结构蛋白 NS3抗体。囊膜糖蛋白 E2 是CSFV最具免疫原性的蛋白。为在无疫区进行CSF监测 ,或开展 CSF扑灭计划…     

猪轮状病毒重组VP7蛋白抗原间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

本研究以纯化的原核表达的猪轮状病毒VP7抗原表位区域为抗原,建立了检测猪轮状病毒抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法。特异性试验表明,该抗原与其他7种常见猪病病毒（TGEV、PEDV、CSFV、PCV2、PRRSV、PPV、PrV）的阳性血清不发生交叉反应,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于10％;对来自不同猪场的血清的检测结果表明,该ELISA方法与中和试验检测结果符合率达94．8％。本试验建立的ELISA诊断方法具有良好的重复性、敏感性和特异性,为PRV的快速诊断、免疫猪群抗体监测和轮状病毒流行病学调查提供了一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

犬瘟热重组N蛋白抗原间接ELISA方法的建立及应用

本研究以纯化的犬瘟热病毒（CDV）重组N蛋白为诊断抗原,建立了犬瘟热病毒抗体检测的间接ELISA诊断方法,将其命名为rN-CDVELISA。确定最佳抗原包被量为0．167μg/孔,待检血清最佳稀释倍数为1：100,其作用时间为45min,羊抗犬酶标抗体稀释倍数为1：2000,作用时间为60min,S／P值≥0．208者判为阳性,S／P值≤0．16者判为阴性,介于两者之间者判为可疑。该抗原不与犬细小病毒、犬传染性肝炎、犬副粘病毒、犬波特氏杆菌等4种疾病的阳性血清反应,具有良好的特异性;批内、批间重复试验,变异系数均小于15％,具有良好的重复性;检测血清样品96份,与进口诊断试剂盒的符合率为97．1％。本研究为现地免疫犬群抗体检测和进行CDV流行病学调查提供了一种简便的血清学诊断方法。     

Serodiagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in cattle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant truncated NcSAG1

Neospora caninum is a veterinary medically important pathogen capable of causing abortion in cattle and neuromuscular paralysis in dogs. The surface antigen 1 of N. caninum (NcSAG1) is an important candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for neosporosis. In order to establish an effective diagnostic method, the gene encoding truncated NcSAG1 (NcSAG1t) lacking a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic regions was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The purified GST-NcSAG1t was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of N. caninum antibodies in cattle. The ELISA with GST-NcSAG1t clearly differentiated between immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)-positive and -negative sera from cattle. In addition, the ELISA detected no cross-reactivity with sera from mice experimentally infected with the closely related parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Field serum samples collected from cattle in Brazil were examined for the diagnosis of neosporosis by using the ELISA. Of the 197 samples analyzed, 66 (33.5%) samples were positive for antibodies to N. caninum. Of the 66 ELISA-positive samples, 60 (90%) samples were confirmed as positive by Western blot analysis with whole parasite antigens. These results suggest that the recombinant NcSAG1t could be a reliable reagent for use as an antigen in ELISA for the serodiagnosis of N. caninum infection in cattle.     

Serodiagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs by an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant truncated P50

The surface antigen P50 of Babesia gibsoni is an important candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for canine piroplasmosis. In order to establish an effective diagnostic method for practical use, the gene encoding truncated P50 (P50t) lacking a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic regions were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). More than 90% portion of the GST-P50t was expressed as a soluble form, in contrast with GST-P50f (full-length), which was completely expressed as an insoluble form. This result indicates that removal of the hydrophobic signal peptide and C-terminus had dramatically improved its hydrophilicity. The purified GST-P50t was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to B. gibsoni in dogs. The ELISA with GST-P50t clearly differentiated between B. gibsoni-infected dog sera and uninfected dog sera. In addition, the ELISA detected no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs experimentally infected with the closely related parasites, B. canis canis, B. canis vogeli, and B. canis rossi. Field serum samples collected from dogs in Japan and China were examined for the diagnosis of B. gibsoni infection by using the ELISA. 14.5% (9/62), 5.8% (7/120), and 5.4% (2/37) of tested samples were positive for dogs from Okinawa, Yamaguchi, and Osaka prefectures, Japan, respectively. On the other hand, 4.8% (2/41) of tested samples were positive for dogs from Nanjing, China. These results suggest that the GST-P50t could be a reliable reagent for practical use in ELISA for the serodiagnosis of canine piroplasmosis caused by B. gibsoni.     

Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant SAG1

The gene encoding surface antigen 1 (SAG1, P30) of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was cloned into the plasmid pGEX-4T-3 and subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. The recombinant SAG1 (rSAG1) was refolded using 8M urea solution followed by dialysis and thereafter evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The test sera were adsorbed with GST to block non-specific reactivity to the GST-SAG1 fusion protein. The ELISA with rSAG1 was able to differentiate very clearly between sera from cats or mice experimentally infected with T. gondii and sera from normal cats or mice. The ELISA detected no cross-reactivity with sera from mice experimentally infected with the closely related parasite Neospora caninum (N. caninum). Some 193 cat sera were tested for antibodies to T. gondii, out of which 40 (20.7%) reacted positively by ELISA with the rSAG1 while another 79.3% cats reacted negative to the assay. Both positive and negative sera were confirmed by Western blot analysis. The results of ELISA were in agreement with those of a commercially available latex agglutination test (LAT) kit, although the former had higher titers than the latter.     

牛新孢子虫NcSAG1基因工程亚单位疫苗的免疫试验

为了解新孢子虫NcSAG1表面蛋白基因工程亚单位疫苗对实验动物的免疫效果,本试验提取延边黄牛新孢子虫野毒株基因组DNA,用PCR技术扩增新孢子虫NcSAG1表面蛋白基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行原核表达,将Western-blot鉴定具有免疫活性的重组蛋白与弗氏佐剂混合制备NcSAG1基因工程亚单位疫苗,免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用间接ELISA方法测定体液免疫水平,应用流式细胞技术测定细胞免疫水平,以此评价疫苗对实验动物的免疫应答反应。结果显示,制备的NcSAG1基因工程亚单位疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后,在三免后第3天时,检测抗体的OD450nm值达0.688;CD4+/CD8+值达3.650,均显著高于重组蛋白免疫组和PBS对照组,说明制备的基因工程亚单位疫苗能够提高实验动物的体液免疫和细胞免疫水平。本试验为牛新孢子虫NcSAG1表面蛋白基因工程亚单位疫苗的深入研究奠定了基础。     

Serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serotype canicola in dogs was developed and evaluated. Comparison of the ELISA with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) showed that, during the first two weeks after an experimental infection with serotype canicola, the ELISA detected antibody at higher dilutions than the MAT. After the second week post-infection both tests detected antibody at almost equal titres (r = 0.89). The outer envelope (OE) antigen of serotypes icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni and canicola was fairly serotype-specific, whereas the pellet (P) antigen showed more cross-reactivity. Both OE and P antigen of Leptospira biflexa strain Patoc I could be used as cross-reacting antigen in the ELISA. Compared to the MAT, the ELISA has some technical advantages. It is suggested that the ELISA would be useful as a screening test.     

Serodiagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in cattle using a recombinant tNcSRS2 protein-based ELISA

The truncated NcSRS2 gene (tNcSRS2) by removal of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence was cloned into the pGEX-6p-1 plasmid and subsequently expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. The purified recombinant tNcSRS2 protein was specific to Neospora caninum and was used in an ELISA for the diagnosis of neosporosis. There was a good agreement between tNctSRS2-based ELISA and three commercially available diagnostic kits (IDEXX ELISA, HIPRA ELISA and VMRD IFAT). Three hundred dairy cattle serum samples from 9 regions were tested by our ELISA. The herd prevalence was 100% and the overall prevalence was 20.3%. There was a statistically significant difference in seroprevalence between regions (P<0.01) and an association between abortion history and N. caninum seropositivity. Our study showed that neosporosis in dairy cattle is widespread in China.     

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serological diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in sheep and determination of the apparent prevalence of infection in New Zealand

Neospora caninum has recently been shown to be a cause of abortions of sheep in New Zealand. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was validated for use in sheep with sera from experimentally infected sheep. A cut-off threshold was established that demonstrated sero-conversion between 7 and 14 days post-infection. Higher inocula led to earlier sero-conversion. This ELISA was applied to 640 sera collected from rams across New Zealand and 0.625% (+/-0.61%) (4/640) were shown to be serologically positive. The four positive sera were also demonstrated to be positive by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The ELISA evaluated here lends itself more readily to large-scale investigations than IFAT. The low background of N. caninum infection in the New Zealand sheep population suggests that N. caninum abortions could be more easily diagnosed by serological means than in populations with higher background sero-prevalence.     

Development of latex agglutination test with recombinant NcSAG1 for the rapid detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in cattle

Neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle. Surface antigen 1 of N. caninum (NcSAG1) is an important immunodominant candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for neosporosis. The present study describes the development and evaluation of a latex agglutination test (LAT) with recombinant NcSAG1 (rNcSAG1) for the detection of antibodies to N. caninum in cattle. The rNcSAG1 gene was cloned in pET-28a and protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Carboxylated latex particles were coated with rNcSAG1 and the degree of agreement between LAT and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iscomELISA) was evaluated by using of 164 serum samples. Twenty-two (13.4%) and 23 (14.0%) of samples were positive for antibodies to N. caninum by LAT and ELISA respectively. Eighteen of 23 ELISA-positive samples were positive according to the LAT and a substantial agreement (κ=0.77) was found between the results of LAT and ELISA. The results indicated that the LAT with rNcSAG1 would be a rapid, simple, relatively inexpensive and suitable diagnostic test for detection of specific antibodies in N. caninum infection under field conditions. Improvement in purification of rNcSAG1 can reduce probable false positive reactions and so increase the degree of agreement between the LAT and ELISA.     

Use of avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and avidity Western blot to discriminate between acute and chronic Neospora caninum infection in cattle.

Avidity serological tests (avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and avidity Western blot) were developed and used to differentiate between acute (primary infection, reinfection, and recrudescence) and chronic Neospora caninum infection in cattle. In addition, the pattern of immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity maturation against different specific antigens of N. caninum tachyzoites was studied. Sequential serum samples were collected from cattle naturally and experimentally infected with N. caninum. Four groups of experimentally infected cattle were included in the study and were representative of primary infection, reinfection, chronic infection, and noninfection. Serum samples were also collected from naturally infected cattle classified into nonaborting and aborting cows on the basis of clinical findings and serological profiles, and a third group composed of seronegative cows that seroconverted during the course of the experiment. All samples were tested by avidity ELISA and avidity Western blot. The IgG avidity ELISA allowed the discrimination between primary and chronic infection because all experimentally primary-infection cows showed low avidity indexes at week 4 postinfection (p.i.) compared with the high avidity values found at week 20 postinfection. However, this test did not allow the discrimination of reinfection or recrudescence from chronic infection. Regarding IgG avidity Western blot results, no antigenic markers correlating with acute (primary infection, recrudescence, and reinfection) or chronic infection were recognized. However, the 17-kD immunodominant antigen was mostly responsible for high avidity values obtained by avidity ELISA because it was intensively recognized by high-avidity antibodies in all chronically infected animals after urea treatment.     

Serodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis by use of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A dot ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The assay was evaluated by testing sera from cattle that were determined, by bacteriologic culturing of feces, to be infected with M paratuberculosis and were suspected of having clinical disease. Further evaluation involved testing sera from cattle in which M paratuberculosis had not been isolated from feces on several attempts. Results of the dot ELISA were positive for sera from 86 of 101 infected cattle, and results were negative for sera from 64 of 64 noninfected cattle. Results of conventional ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests were positive for 79 of 99 and for 51 of 101 infected cattle, respectively. The dot ELISA also was evaluated by comparing results of testing 708 sera with results of bacteriologic culturing of matched fecal samples from 262 cattle in 3 central Ohio dairy herds known to include cattle infected with M paratuberculosis. Results of the dot ELISA were positive for 25 of 39 sera from cattle with positive results on culturing of concurrently obtained fecal specimens. The dot ELISA results were negative for 661 of 669 sera from cattle with negative results to culturing of concurrently obtained fecal specimens. The 39 sera from cattle with positive results on bacteriologic culturing of matched fecal specimens had positive results for ELISA and the AGID test 25 and 14 times, respectively. The 669 sera from cattle with concurrently negative results on bacteriologic culturing of feces had negative results to ELISA and the AGID test 559 and 668 times, respectively.