Queuing behavior of spiny lobsters

Autumnal mass migrations of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, involve diurnal movements of thousands of individuals in single-file queues. Initiation, posture, and alignment of a queue can be effected entirely by tactile cues received through antennular inner rami, pereiopods, and antennae. Since spiny lobsters queue when deprived of shelter, this behavior may serve a defensive function. Specimens captured while migrating maintain the queue indoors for up to several weeks, whereas at other times the queue lasts only a few hours. Hence, the migratory behavior probably depends in part upon environmentally induced neurohormonal changes.     

娄孟柴油管道减阻剂加注方案

娄孟柴油管道是连接青岛石化和四方油库的炼化企业内部管道,其管输油品从首站到末站的时间不足2h,采用正常的减阻剂加注工艺无法达到预期的减阻增输目的,因此需要探索适用的减阻剂加注方案。基于减阻剂室内小型评价环道测试过程的启示和室内实验结果,利用管输柴油提前将减阻剂溶解或稀释为质量体积比0．3％～1％的溶液,再注入管道,使减阻剂迅速发挥作用,解决了娄孟管道的加剂增输问题。该方法可以推广到短距离输油管道以及码头装船、卸船管道等,具有示范意义。     

高分子聚合物的湍流减阻机理

对链状高分子聚合物进行球-棍模型简化,使得在描述其减阻机理时更加直观形象。利用流体流动控制方程和高分子本构方程进行直接数值模拟,根据模拟结果研究聚合物的主要减阻机理。在湍流条件下,聚合物反向扭矩从根本上抑制了湍流发卡型漩涡的迸发和再生,进而减少流体的湍流脉动及流动阻力损失。其中,聚合物的正向扭矩作用在发卡型漩涡的拱形头部和第2个发卡型漩涡的腿部,抑制湍流漩涡的迸发频率和强度,减少新的发卡型漩涡的生成;聚合物的反向扭矩作用在发卡型漩涡的卷曲方向,可以减小漩涡的弯曲率和倾斜角度。     

大口径热煨弯管减阻内涂层

介绍了大口径天然气管道内减阻涂料的性能和热煨弯管内减阻涂层涂敷施工步骤,AW-01双组分涂料的配制温度、比例、搅拌、熟化时间及稀释剂添加等环节的控制要求,以及高压无气喷涂时的喷涂压力、压缩比和作业环节等的控制要求。该技术在陕京二线大口径热煨弯管内减阻涂层涂敷中得到了成功应用,具有良好的技术性与经济性,为长输天然气管道的内减阻涂层涂敷,提供了实践经验。     

Serotonin and octopamine produce opposite postures in lobsters

Serotonin and octopamine, injected into the circulation of freely moving lobsters and crayfish, produce opposite behavioral effects. Octopamine injection produces sustained extension of the limbs and abdomen; serotonin injection produces sustained flexion. Neurophysiological analyses show that these postures can be accounted for by opposing, coordinated effects of these amines on patterns of motoneuron activity recorded from the ventral nerve cord.     

本体聚合油溶性减阻剂的抗剪切性能

通过对采用Ziegler-Natta催化剂引发α-烯烃本体聚合法制备的油溶性减阻剂抗剪切性能的研究,发现随着剪切次数的递增,减阻率明显下降,并最终趋于零.随着加剂浓度的增加,抗剪切性能明显提高.试验结果可以为现场试验或现场应用提供有效的依据.     

日本双棘长蠹危害宫粉紫荆的情况调查及防治研究

调查了日本双棘长蠹对广西柳州市宫粉紫荆的危害情况,分析总结了日本双棘长蠹在柳州 市危害宫粉紫荆的发生发展特点,并开展药剂防治试验和人工治理探索,提出了有效有综合防治方 法,以期为宫粉紫荆的养护管理和病虫害防治工作提供参考。     

聚合物减阻机理研究

介绍了聚合物减阻的发展历史以及聚合物的主要应用领域。根据不同的研究切入点，将有关聚合物减阻机理研究大致分为三类，并分别进行了综述。评述了聚合物减阻机理的研究现状，认为虽然该项研究已达到了相当的深度，但最终要想解决与此相关的问题还需要做相当多的工作。     

Function of the rectal gland in the spiny dogfish

The rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, secretes a fluid which is essentially a sodium chloride solution with a concentration about twice that of the plasma and greater than that of sea water. Observed volumes of flow are sufficiently large to make it clear that the rectal gland can remove from the blood relatively large amounts of sodium chloride, and presumably this is its function.     

油炸食品中丙烯酰胺形成的影响因素及其控制措施

食品中的丙烯酰胺是富含碳水化合物和氨基酸的食物经高温加热发生美拉德反应而产生的,这一问题已引起世界各国的普遍关注,如何减少丙烯酰胺的产生成为国际研究热点.该文综述了丙烯酰胺的一些基本性质、毒性、人体暴露、形成机理和检测方法,并重点阐述了高温油炸食品产生丙烯酰胺的影响因素及其控制技术,为减少油炸食品中丙烯酰胺含量,建议食品生产企业推广真空油炸技术.     

Differential reflex activity determines claw and closer muscle asymmetry in developing lobsters

The paired claws and closer muscles of the lobster, Homarus americanus, are identical in the early juvenile stages, but subsequently differentiate into a stout crusher claw with only slow fibers and a slender cutter with largely fast fibers. Rearing with different substrates or exercise of the claws revealed that claw laterality is determined in the central nervous system by differential reflex activity in the paired claws; the side with greater activity becomes the crusher, while the contralateral side becomes the cutter.     

Hormonal control of behavior: amines and the biasing of behavioral output in lobsters

Hormones and neurohormones act on the nervous system to produce important changes in behavior. Amine actions in the lobster nervous system and their possible relations to aggressive behavior in lobsters were studied in order to explore how such changes might come about.     

南狮运动的起源、形成与发展研究

舞狮是一项历史悠久、独具民族特色的民间传统体育运动项目。运用文献资料、口述史、专家访谈等研究方法,对南狮运动的起源、形成与发展历程进行深入研究,对构成南狮运动文化的基本因素进行论证和阐述。研究表明：南狮运动的最早起源于南北朝时期,与当时的社会环境、生活习俗有着密切的联系,有着明显的地域特征和民族文化特性。南狮运动具有竞技、健身、娱乐等多种价值,是我国重要的体育文化遗产。     

正交试验在减阻高聚物合成研究中的应用

通过L_(18)(6~1×3~6)混合水平正交试验确定减阻高聚物的最优配方和生产工艺条件,虽然实验次数较少,但被考察的因素及每个因素的水平都很充分。通过正交试验结果的极差分析,迅速发现了试验的规律性,即α-烯烃的种类、助催化剂的种类、主催化剂的用量、主催化剂和助催化剂的摩尔比、反应温度等因素对聚合产物减阻率的影响程度,以及每一因素各个水平对聚合产物的影响趋势,从而制定出可能更优的试验方案。     

埋刮板输送机选型系统设计

结合粮食输送设备选型设计的现状，采用先进的操作系统和流行的开发工具，设计开发集选型设计计算、数据查询、数据检索为一体的埋刮板输送机选型设计信息系统。整个系统界面友好、使用方便。     

均匀设计在减阻剂合成研究中的应用

在采用α－烯烃配位阴离子聚合方法合成减阻剂过程中，影响聚合物减阻效果的因素很多，规律性不强，一般的实验设计所需的工作量很大。用均匀设计安排实验，结合数据回归处理方法，要以大大减少实验次数，提高实验效率。根据预试验结果，确定可能影响减阻剂性能的因素和相应水平。并选择合适的均匀设计表进行试验。利用SPSS软件对试验结果进行多元回归分析，根据所得回归方程，选择试验条件进行聚合。试验结果很好地符合了回归方程，表明均匀设计在多因素多水平实验中具有优越性。     

Serum cholesterol reduction by chromium in hypercholesterolemic rats

The addition of chromium (III) to the drinking water of rats in a normal laboratory environment on a hypercholesterolemic diet resulted in lower serum cholesterol concentrations whether the dietary carbohydrate was either sucrose or starch. However, rats fed the sucrose diet with chromium in drinking water had serum cholesterol concentrations similar to those of rats fed the starch diet without chromium in drinking water.     

降凝剂,减阻剂在满输管道中的应用

在长输管道输送的原油中添加降凝剂并加热到一定温度，可以降低原油的凝点和粘度，从而改善原油的低温流变性。在管输原油中添加减阻剂，则可改变管中轴流的流态，减少沿程的摩损失，达到节能降耗的目的。添加降凝剂综合处理技术已成功地应用于低输量管道中，取得显著的效益。     

天然气管道的内涂层减阻技术

随着西气东输，忠武线等长输天然气的设计和建设，内涂层减阻技术已受到管道的管理决策部门，设计和施工单位的普遍关注，概述了国内外天然气管道内涂层减阻技术的应用和发展情况，内涂层减阻技术的特点，国外的最新理论研究成果，有关内涂层材料的选择及施工工艺，重点介绍了国外公司在管道预可研设计阶段对使用内涂层减阻技术的合理性和经济性进行的技术经济评价，可为管道的各级决策管理部门，设计，科研和施工单位提供一个可资借鉴的方法。     

Evidence for degenerative and regenerative changes in neostriatal spiny neurons in Huntington's disease

Golgi impregnations of neostriatum from deceased Huntington's disease patients and controls were examined. In all cases of Huntington's disease the morphology of dendrites of medium-sized spiny neurons was markedly altered by the appearance of recurved endings and appendages, a decrease or increase in the density of spines, and abnormalities in the size and shape of spines. Pathological changes were rarely observed in medium-sized and large aspiny neostriatal neurons. The findings provide evidence for simultaneous degeneration and growth of spiny neurons in Huntington's disease and support the view that a specific population of neostriatal neurons is selectively involved in its pathogenesis.