性诱剂防治柑桔小实蝇试验

在北海市和宜州市利用性诱剂灭雄技术防治柑桔小实蝇的试验,北海试验区3个果园的防效分别达96％、95．3％和97．3％,宜州试验区3个果园的防效分别为81．8％、71．3％和79．5％,试验结果表明该技术防效显著、防治成本低、省工省时且对环境无害,应用前景广阔。     

性诱剂对瓜实蝇的防治效果试验

通过田间性诱剂不同放置量、诱捕器不同放置高度对瓜实蝇的防治试验,结果表明,1支/667m2的剂量,诱捕器距离地面100cm进行防治效果最佳,与其他防治方法比较试验结果显示,性诱剂与化学防治差异不显著,但高于其他诱杀方法,在生产实践中可考虑与化学防治结合,提高防治效果,减少农药用量.     

食物诱剂防治柑桔大实蝇的效果试验

应用多种大实蝇食物诱剂及不同防治方法防治柑桔大实蝇,试验结果表明,大实蝇食物诱剂点喷防治和挂罐诱杀效果明显,果瑞特果实蝇诱杀剂、桔丰大实蝇食物诱剂和综防区防效分别为91.3％、89.8％和91.0％,大实蝇食物诱剂挂罐诱杀效果明显.5月21日至8月30日挂罐诱杀,果瑞特果实蝇诱杀剂10个诱捕器共诱杀柑桔大实蝇309头,桔丰大实蝇食物诱剂10个诱捕器共诱杀柑桔大实蝇321头.     

不同药剂药械诱集瓜果实蝇试验

采用甲基丁芳酚、蛋白诱饵等多种药剂药械诱集瓜果实蝇,研究实蝇发生种类、数量和分布规律。南亚果实蝇为绝对优势种。瓜实蝇诱剂和蛋白诱饵对果实蝇具有较好诱集作用,甲基丁芳酚对橘小实蝇具有较好诱性。     

0.1%果瑞特瓜实蝇诱剂对瓜类蔬菜实蝇的药效试验

应用0.1%果瑞特瓜实蝇诱剂,对瓜类蔬菜实蝇进行了药效试验示范。结果表明,0.1%果瑞特瓜实蝇诱剂对瓜类实蝇(南亚果实蝇、宽带果实蝇和瓜实蝇等)雌、雄成虫特别是对雄成虫具有较强的诱杀效果,可显著减少实蝇雌虫交配产卵为害。点喷或挂罐防治效果均显著,该诱剂适用于瓜类蔬菜无公害生产。     

捕蝇笼和昆虫物理诱黏剂与性诱剂诱集实蝇类害虫比较研究

捕蝇笼、物理诱黏剂均能同时诱集到南瓜实蝇和桔小实蝇且效果良好,捕蝇笼对苍蝇类卫生害虫诱集效果也非常好.捕蝇笼间隔距离20m、30m、50m,诱集的桔小实蝇数量均值差异不显著,但诱集的南瓜实蝇数量均值差异显著,以间隔50m距离的诱虫量最大,达每笼48头,显著多于20m距离的诱虫量18.67头,极显著多于30m距离的诱虫量11.89头.物理诱黏瓶间隔距离20m、30m、50m,诱杀的桔小实蝇、南瓜实蝇数量均值差异不显著.捕蝇笼、物理诱黏剂和性诱剂诱杀桔小实蝇的数量均值差异不显著.捕蝇笼诱集南瓜实蝇和其它昆虫的数量及总诱虫量均值明显高于物理诱黏剂,差异达极显著水平.捕蝇笼和物理诱黏剂均可作为实蝇类害虫监测、调查与防治的一项技术措施.     

大实蝇食物诱剂对柑橘大实蝇的诱杀作用

成虫诱杀技术是柑橘大实蝇防治的关键技术,能有效降低柑橘大实蝇成虫基数和蛆果率.试验的大实蝇食物诱剂3个配方对柑橘大实蝇均有较强的诱杀作用,并以配方1/3D为最优,不仅提高了诱杀效率,而且节约了防治成本.     

不同诱剂对实蝇的敏感性和实蝇的发生规律

2008--2011年,利用水解蛋白、瓜实蝇、橘小实蝇、糖酒醋液等诱剂,对重庆市云阳县境内常见实蝇的发生区域和发生规律进行监测．分析总结几种常见实蝇成虫对不同类型诱剂的敏感性以及在不同海拔生态环境下实蝇的发生量和发生规律。     

斜纹夜蛾性诱剂试验初报

应用性诱剂诱杀斜纹夜蛾成虫试验两个试验点试验结果表明,性诱剂诱蛾性能较强,诱蛾高峰出现在第3~8天,峰期明显。诱杀效果显著。该技术可作为害虫测报的一种手段,在防治上也有广阔的应用前景。     

性诱剂不同诱芯诱捕三化螟蛾试验

为探索性诱剂不同诱芯对三化螟蛾的诱捕效果.根据湖北省植保总站的安排,我们分别对宁波钮康生物技术有限公司生产的二种三化螟性诱剂进行田间诱蛾试验,结果表明,SI20093241诱芯平均日单钵诱螟蛾0.49头,最高日单钵诱螟蛾5头,控螟效果为25%;SI2009521A诱芯平均日单钵诱螟蛾0.57头,最高日单钵诱螟蛾6头,控...     

植物甲醇提取物的除草活性测定方法研究

本研究通过对植物材料除草活性测定方法的研究,探索在除草活性测定过程中引起误差的几个因素及可能引起误差的几个原因,为今后植物源除草剂的开发提供测定方法。     

The effect of the herbicide diuron on soil microbial activity

The inhibitory effect of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] on microbial activity in red Latosol soil was followed using microcalorimetry. The activity of the micro-organisms in 1.50 g of soil sample was stimulated by addition of 6.0 mg of glucose and 6.0 mg of ammonium sulfate under 35% controlled humidity at 298.15 (+/- 0.02) K. This activity was determined by power-time curves that were recorded for increasing amounts of diuron, varying from zero to 333.33 micrograms g-1 soil. An increase in the amount of diuron in soil caused a decrease of the original thermal effect, to reach a null value above 333.33 micrograms g-1 of herbicide. The power-time curve showed that the lag-phase period and peak time increased with added herbicide. The decrease of the thermal effect evolved by micro-organisms and the increase of the lag-phase period are associated with the death of microbial populations caused by diuron, which strongly affects soil microbial communities.     

桉苗黑杆病发生危害特点及其药剂防治试验

桉苗黑杆病是桉树育苗期以危害苗木茎基、杆部位为主要特征的易引起苗木枯死的主要病害,病害的发生与流行主要与育苗环境的高温高湿有密切的关系。通过药剂防治试验结果显示:在6种不同剂型的参试药品中以甲基托布津为主要成分的4号复方制剂防治效果较好,两试点的防治效果均在82%以上,经显著性方差分析,防效极显著,可以在生产上推广应用。     

The influence of nutrient status on paraquat activity

Experiments with young plants of seven cultivars and species in the Gramineae (Lolium perenne L. cv. S 23, Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. S 22, Lolinm multiflorum Lam. cv. Tetrone, Triticum aestivum L. cv. Janus, Avena sativa L. cv. Peniarth, Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Zephyr, Avena fatua L.), showed that those grown at a high nitrogen level were more susceptible lo paraquat than those grown at a low level. Similarly, high levels of phosphorus increased the susceptibility of plant5 of A. saliva to this herbicide. However, potassium, at the levels used, had no effect on paraquat phytotoxicity. Two further experiments, with Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv., indicated that nitrogen did not influence the phytotoxicity of paraquat; neither did it encourage the recovery of foliage, nor the production of rhizomes following spraying, despite a direct effect of nitrogen on the growth and development of the unsprayed plants. A mechanical defoliation treatment was less effective than paraquat in controlling the growth of this weed. Swards of L. perenne grown under a low nitrogen regime were slightly more susceptible lo paraquat and showed less recovery than those grown under the higher nitrogen conditions. The results are discussed In the context of the physiology of herbicides and of agricultural practices. Influence des conditions de nutrition sur l'activité du paraquat Des expériences réalisées avec de jeunes plantes de sept cultivars ou espèces de Graminée (Lolium perenne L. cv S 23, Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv S 22, Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv Tétrone, Triticum aestivum L. cv Janus, Avena saliva L. cv. Peniarth, Hardeum vulgare L. cv Zephyr, Avena fatua L.) ont montré que les plantes cultivées i un taux d'azote élevéétaient plus sensibles au paraquat que celles cultivées à un taux faible. De la même maniére, des taux élevés de phosphore ont accru la sensibilité des plantes d'A. saliva á cet herbicide. En revanche, le potassium, aux taux utilisés, n'a pas eu d'effet sur la phytotoxicité du paraquat. Deux expériences nouvelles avec Agropyron repens (L.) Beauy., ont montré que l'azote n'avait pas d'influence sur la phytotoxicité du paraquat, il ne facilite ni la repousse du feuillage, ni la production de rhizomes aprés le traitement, malgré un effet direct de l'azote sur la croissance et le développement des plantes non traitées. Une défoliation mécanique a été moins efficace que le paraquat pour maitriser la croissance de cette mauvaise herbe, Des gazons de L. perenne cultivis à un faible taux d'azote ont été légèrement moins sensibles au paraquat et ont manifests un meilleur pouvoir de recuperation que ceux cultivés à un niveau d'azote éievé. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le contexte de la physiologie des herbicides et des pratiques culturales. Der Einfluss des Ernährungszustandes auf die Wirkung von Paraquat In Versuchen mit Jungpflanzen von sieben Gräsern (Lolium perenne L. Sorte S 23, Lolium multiflorum Lam. Sorte S 22, Lolium multiflorum Lam. Sorle Tetrone, Triticum aestivum L. Sorte Janus, Avena sativa L. Sorte Peniarth, Hordeum vulgare L. Sorte Zephyr, Avena fatua L.) waren die, die bei hohen Stickstoffgaben wuchsen gegenüber Paraquat empfindlicher als die, die unter weniger Stickstoff wuchsen. Ähnlich reagierte A. saliva auf Phosphor: hohe Phosphorgaben erhöhten die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber diesem Herbizid. Kalium hatte bei den verwendeten Düngungsstufen jedoch keinen Einfluss auf die Phytotoxizität von Paraquat. Zwei weitere Versuche mit Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. zeigten, dass Stickstoff die Phytotoxizität von Paraquat nicht beeinträchtigte. Trotz der direkten Stickstoffwirkung auf das Wachstum der unbehandelten Pflanzen, wurde bei den mit Paraquat behandeltcn weder die Wiederbegrünung, noch die Rhizombildung gefördert. Die mechanische Entfernung der Blätter war für die Bekämpfung dieses Ungrases weniger wirkungsvoll als eine Paraquatbehandlung. Grasnarben von L. perenne die bei wenig Stickstoff wuchsen, waren gegenüber Paraquat geringfügig empfindlicher und erholten sich schlechter als solche mit guter Stickstoff Versorgung. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit der physiologischen Wirkung der Herbizide und den landwirtschaftlichen Praktiken besprochen.     

类钙粘蛋白对Cry3A毒素杀虫活性的影响

将克隆的黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白基因片段在大肠杆菌中表达纯化,并分析其对Cry3A毒素杀虫活性的影响,从而探讨黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白对Cry3A毒素杀虫活性的增效作用。黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白基因片段在大肠杆菌中表达产物为包涵体,经尿素变性后,用亲和纯化法可得到较纯的重组蛋白;随着类钙粘蛋白片段与Cry3A质量比值的升高,Cry3A毒素对黄粉虫的杀虫活性也逐步提高,当其比值为1时,活性达到最大,提高了2.5倍,而黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白片段对Cry3Am的杀虫活性却没有显著性影响。研究表明,黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白对Cry3A毒素的杀虫活性具有增效作用。     

The sub-lethal activity of amidines on insects and acarids

A number of straight-chain and cyclic amidines at sub-lethal concentrations elicit a variety of responses from target organisms, usually expressed as a disruption of normal behaviour, leading to reduced feeding of lepidopterous larvae and tick detachment, or reduced fecundity. These effects are particularly evident in Acarina and Lepidoptera, but can also be seen in members of other insect orders. In some previously unpublished experiments, it was demonstrated that some of these compounds act as ‘locomotor stimulants’ to decrease the feeding of lepidopterous larvae. This type of activity probably results from the interaction of these compounds with aminergic in the case of some compounds identified as octopaminergic neurotransmitter/neuromodulator systems in the target organisms. It is not always clear, however, to what extent this type of activity contributes to the control of pests in the field situation.     

The effect of grain moisture on the biological activity of fenitrothion residues on maize in storage

The biological activity of freshly-applied fenitrothion on maize at a range of moisture contents was measured using adults of several species of Coleoptera. Activity declined by about ×15 as grain moisture increased from 10 to 24%, the greatest change occurring at moisture contents above about 14%. This occurred regardless of whether the grain was treated with fenitrothion when already moist or was moistened after treatment, and it was not reversed by drying the treated grain. These differences in activity could not be explained by differences in the chemical residues. The suggested mechanism is a reduction in the availability of fenitrothion for pick-up by insects.     

啶虫脒防治十字花科蔬菜蚜虫药效试验

蚜虫是为害十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一,该虫主要以成虫和若虫群集在蔬菜叶片上吸食汁液,危害后造成叶片卷曲变形,植株生长不良,还排出大量的蜜露、蜕皮而污染叶面,降低蔬菜商品价值.此外,蚜虫还传播多种病毒病.而随着农药的使用量的逐年加大,蚜虫的抗药性逐年增强,常用农药防治效果下降.为了了解啶虫脒对十字花科蔬菜蚜虫的防治效果,找寻高效、低毒、安全的替代农药,特进行本试验.     

The effect of three different pesticides on soil protozoan activity

Three pesticides, dimethoate, pirimicarb and fenpropimorph, had a negative impact on the colonization of a sterilized soil by a natural population of soil protozoa. Fenpropimorph has an effect at the lowest concentration applied; 25 mg litre^?1. Dimethoate reduced the soil respiration significantly for about 10 days after application. In single species cultures of soil protozoa in liquid media, a flagellate Cercomonas sp., was a better test organism than a ciliate, Colpoda sp., or an amoeba, Acanthamoeba sp., with respect to interpretation of dose-response curves and ease of observation.     

桔实雷瘿蚊的防治试验

桔实雷瘿蚊是宜州市柑桔上为害最重的害虫之一,造成减产15%~30%。采用套袋避虫、清洁田园、合理使用农药等防治技术可有效控制桔实雷瘿蚊的为害。