新城疫病毒M蛋白与宿主蛋白相互作用的研究进展

新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)是单股负链不分节段的RNA病毒,其基因组大小约为15.2 kb,编码6种结构蛋白和2种非结构蛋白.由于NDV基因组较小,不能编码病毒复制需要的所有蛋白,因此必须借助宿主蛋白来完成NDV的生活周期.M蛋白是一种非糖基化膜相关蛋白,在抑制宿主细胞基因转录、...     

新城疫病毒强弱毒株检测方法研究进展

一. NDV毒力的分子生物学基础 　　NDV是单链 RNA病毒，基因组长度为 15156个核苷酸，分子量为 (5.1－ 5.7)× 106Da，裂解的纯化病毒颗粒经 PAGE揭示其至少编码 7种多肽。其基因组编码 6种蛋白质： L、 P、 HN、 F、 NP、 M蛋白。各种结构蛋白基因在基因组上的排列顺序为： 3’－ NP－ P－ M－ F0－ HN－ L－ 5’。 L、 NP和 P三种蛋白称为衣壳蛋白，它们的主要功能是参与病毒的合成。 M蛋白在 RNA的合成和病毒的自身装配中起重要作用。 HN的作用是使病毒吸附于细胞受体，并通过血凝素和神经氨酸酶这两种生物活性物质破坏…     

猪库布病毒与检测方法的研究进展

猪库布病毒（Kobuvirus）属于微小RNA病毒科、库布病毒属,是无囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,病毒粒子直径为30nm。基因组大小为8．2—8．3kb,含有一个大的开放阅读框,编码一个单一的多聚蛋白。这个多聚蛋白可裂解为3种结构蛋白（VP0、VP3和VP1）和7种非结构蛋白（2A～2C和3A-3D）。     

鸡新城疫病毒分离株WF00C HN基因的测序与序列分析

新城疫病毒(newcastle disease virus,NDV)是一种禽类传染病的病原,属副黏病毒科禽腮腺炎病毒属.该病毒是具有囊膜、单股、负链、不分节段的RNA病毒, 由15 186或15 192个核苷酸组成.基因组包含6个基因,分别编码3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′六个主要多肽(即NP核蛋白、P磷蛋白、M基质蛋白、F融合蛋白、HN血凝素-神经氨酸酶和L聚合酶).     

基于F基因的统一命名法减少NDV分型差异

新城疫病毒(NDV)或禽1型副黏病毒(APMV-1)包括了多个具有单链负股RNA基因组的病毒。长期以来,同时采用2个系统对NDV分离株进行谱系或基因型分类,导致命名混乱和基因群归类的差异。因此,     

NDV基因型与病毒毒力和疫苗免疫保护之间的关系

新城疫(ND)是当今全球范围内最严重的家禽传染病之一。新城疫的病原是新城疫病毒,I型禽副黏病毒(avianparamyxovirusI,APMV-I)属于副黏病毒科,腮腺炎病毒属。新城疫病毒(NDV)是负股单链RNA,由15586个核苷组成。新城疫病毒的基因组序列是3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5',6个基因共编码6种病     

鸡新城疫病毒的检测方法

新城疫（Newcastle Disease,ND）也称亚洲鸡瘟或伪鸡瘟,是由新城疫病毒（Newcastle Disease Virus,NDV）引起的一种禽类急性、热性、败血性传染病。新城疫病毒粒子一般呈圆形,有囊膜,直径100—250nm,但常因囊膜破损而形态不规则,也可见横断面直径100nm左右的不同长度的细丝,病毒核酸为单股负链RNA,NDV基因组由15186个核苷酸组成,编码6种蛋白,     

新城疫病毒W蛋白的细胞定位差异及其影响机制

新城疫病毒(NDV)严重危害全球养禽业.该病原为有囊膜的单股负链RNA病毒,属于副黏病毒科、Orthoavulavirus属.NDV含有6个结构基因分别编码6个主要的结构蛋白NP、P、M、F、HN和L.此外,P基因转录过程中还能通过特定位点的"RNA编辑"使读码框发生移码产生非结构蛋白V和W.P、V和W具有相同的N端和...     

JS/1/97/Go株GPMV M基因的克隆、序列分析

鹅副黏病毒(GPMV)属于副黏病毒科副黏病毒亚科腮腺炎病毒属APMV-1中的成员,为单股负链RNA病毒,基因组所编码的6种蛋白NP、P、M、HN、F、L是其生物功能的主要体现者.     

非典型新城疫的临床诊断及防制

NDV是副黏病毒科(paramyxoviridae)副黏病毒亚科(paramyxovirus)腮腺炎病毒属的成员,是禽Ⅰ型副黏病毒的代表株。NDV的DNA类型属于单股负链RNA(-ssRAN),不分节段,只有一种血     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.