Über die Lymphknoten des Magens von Schaf (Ovis aries) und Ziege (Capra hircus)

The lymph nodes of the stomachs taken from 31 sheep and 35 goats were described and measured. Compared with lymph nodes of cattle (Baum, 1912) marked differences were found regarding the position, number and presence of the nodes, as well as in regard to the lymphatic vessels leaving them. The results are discussed in the light of the decisions that may have to be made during meat inspection.     

Correlación Anatomo-radiológica de la Cabeza en la Cabra de Raza Canaria (Capra hircus L.)

A radiologic and tomographic study was made of the cranioencephalic topography of canary goats of medium weight and size. In a first step, the exocranialis references corresponding to an axis designed at the level of the meatus acusticus externus and parallel to the basicranial axis were anatomically and radiologically defined. Conventional stereotaxic techniques were then used to reach the standard position of the head in order to obtain macroscopical cross sections at different levels perpendicular to the base of the cranium. In a second step, a tomographic study was made to confirm the design of the axis.     

Sur la Structure du Sac Aérien Claviculaire chez le Canard (Anas platyrhinchos)

The structural organization of the epithelium lining the clavicular air sac in Duck was studied by light and electron microscopic. This epithelium consists of two types of pavement like cells. The first flat types of cells are numerous with large mitochondria containing cytoplasm and elongated nuclei. The second short and dumpy cells are few in number and are after seen near the ostium. They could have long microvilli like pseudopod on their apical surface ready to engulf inhaled foreign particles. Desmosomal bridges too are found between contiguous cells.     

Sur la morphologie de la fosse ovale du coeur chez le chien adulte (Canis familiaris)

On the Morphology of the Fossa ovalis in the adult Dog Heart 1. The Fossae ovales of 77 adult dog hearts are not a partly persistent foramen ovale. 2. They are always translucent. 3. According to their shape there are 6 different types: pyriform (most frequently), triangulare, elliptical, ovale, reniform and round (most rarely). 4. The middle dimensions are 0.6227 cm. laterolateral and 0.3525 cm. craniocaudal. 5. The middle depth is 0.15 cm.     

Sur les Terminaisons Nerveuses Sensitives du Clitoris chez la Truie (Sus scrofa domesticus)

Neural receptors of the porcine clitoris were examined using light and electron microscopy. Perfusion with ink allowed study of the unique vascular arrangement associated with the genital corpuscles. Sensory nerve-endings were generally rounded and formed a morphologically and structurally characteristic unit. They were composed of a network of primarily non-myelinated nerve fibers and flat cells. Between these structures, isolated small blood vessels were embedded amongst collagen fibers and amorphous material. An external capsule of variable thickness always surrounded the structures. A complex arrangement of vessels in the center of the capsule was formed by a subpapillary mesh. The same arrangement was seen in the morphologically comparable penile genital corpuscles of the same species. Based on the particular arrangement of blood vessels and nerve fibers in the genital corpuscles, some authors postulate the presence of a neuro-vascular glomerulus.     

Pseudopregnancy in Saanen Goats (Capra hircus) Raised in Northeast Brazil

The prevalence of pseudopregnancy over 44 months was investigated in 23 Saanen goats raised in Northeast Brazil during continuous oestrous cycling (cyclic group) or after synchronization of oestrus (synchronized group). The goats were monitored by ultrasonography and their plasma progesterone profile. The overall prevalence of pseudopregnancy was 30.4% (7/23). In the cyclic group, 28.6% (4/14) of goats showed pseudopregnancy, while in the synchronized group the prevalence was 33.3% (3/9). There was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). The mean (+/- SD) length of pseudopregnancy, as shown by the progesterone profile, was 121.6 +/- 33.5 days, ranging from 70 to 155 days. The study defined the prevalence of pseudopregnancy in Saanen goats raised in Northeast Brazil for the first time. This finding identified a major problem for this breed, as without treatment such animals remain unproductive until the spontaneous resolution of the condition. More research seems desirable to ascertain the prevalence of this condition in other breeds in this region of Brazil.     

Idiogram and standardized G-band karyotype of the goat (Capra hircus)

Contents: The aim of this paper is to present the idiogram and the standardized G-band karyotype of the goat (Capra hircus). The results are discussed and compared to those published before.     

Serosurveillance of viral diseases in Korean native goats (Capra hircus)

A total of 804 goat sera were collected from 144 goat farms in five regions of South Korea during a period between 2005 and 2006 and screened for the antibodies of viral pathogens in ruminants. The individual seropositive rates for each virus were 13.7% (110/804) for bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), 9.5% (76/804) for bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI-3V), 5.5% (44/804) for Akabane virus (AKAV), 13.3% (107/804) for Aino virus (AINV), 2.0% (16/804) for Chuzan virus (CHUV) and 1.0% (8/804) for bovine coronavirus (BCoV). Compared with other areas, Chungcheong Province showed higher seropositive rates of 13.6% for PI-3V, 22.3% for AKAV and 28.2% for AINV. The results indicate that among the six viral diseases, BHV-1 infection is quite prevalent, while BCoV infection is less prevalent on domestic goat farms in Gyeongsang and Jeonla Provinces.     

利用Samtools挖掘山羊生产繁殖相关Indels标记

随着研究的深入,从最初认为单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)是导致遗传和表型多样性的主要原因,逐渐意识到插入/缺失(insertion/deletion,Indel)的普遍存在,并且与山羊生产繁殖性状密切相关。随着山羊参考基因组序列的公布及测序成本的降低,为大规模开发山羊Indels标记提供了可能。本研究就12个山羊个体(大足黑山羊,DBG,n=6;内蒙古绒山羊,IMCG,n=6)全基因组重测序结果,利用Samtools筛选群体间的差异In-dels。结果表明,12个山羊个体获得192.747GB基因组数据,平均每个个体检测到高质量的Indels位点为334 151个;比较基因组获得2个群体特有的Indels分别为110和100个,注释基因38和30个。其中大足黑山群体特有su-fu、sycp2位点和内蒙古绒山羊群体特有kdm4c位点可能是山羊生长繁殖相关候选Indel标记,为进一步精细解析山羊生产繁殖性状遗传机理奠定基础。     

Sur l'Involution de la Bourse de Fabricius chez le Canard

On the involution of the bursa of Fabricius of the duck
The morphological and structural aspects of the functional aspects of the involution were studied light- and electronmicroscopically in ducks 90 to 150 days old. The first involutionary changes were observed in the interfollicular connective tissue around day 100. Following this, cells left the periphery of the follicles; they were connected with collagen fibers and positioned themselves between the lymphocytes of the cortex that became thinner before it disappeared.
On day 135 the medulla lost its lymphocyte content through wide ducts which opened directly into the lumen of the bursa. On day 150 the bursa experienced a massive overgrowth; almost all follicles had disintegrated and only small groups of cells remained which consisted principally of reticuloepithelial cells and some lymphocytes.
Cysts were not observed during the involution of the bursa.     

Efficacy of Flumethrin Pour-On Against Damalinia caprae of Goats (Capra hircus)

Goats naturally infested with Damalinia caprae lice were used to evaluate the efficacy of flumethrin pour-on. The maximum load of lice infestation was detected in the neck region. The LC₅₀ value of flumethrin pour-on against D. caprae was found to be 119.35 ppm and the 95% confidence limits were calculated to be 104.10 and 136.85 ppm. Flumethrin at the rate of 1 mg/kg body weight by pour-on application along the mid-dorsal line was found to be 100% effective in treating lice-infested goats compared with the control goats. The residual action of flumethrin was found to be at least 42 days during which period no apparent signs of any local or general adverse effects were observed. Based on these studies, it is suggested that flumethrin pour-on may be successfully used for both the prophylaxis and treatment of D. caprae infestation in goats and it is necessary to repeat the treatment after 42 days. The method of application is highly advantageous as it can be conveniently applied, even in animals with thick hair coat and during the winter months.     

Sur l''Anatomie Microscopique et Fonctionnelle de la Papille iléale (Papilla ilealis) de la Valve caeco-colique (Valva caecocolia) et de la Courbure pelvienne (Flexura pelvina) chez le Cheval (Equus caballus)

The histologic study on six horses of the ileo-caecal and caeco-colic junctions confirms their sphincteral structure. It appears that the activity of the muscular fibres, identified in the ileo-caecal and caeco-colic plica, modulates the curvature of the junctions and thus, blocks, as sphincters, the reflux of contents from the caecum into the ileum and from the colon into the caecum. But on the other hand, the pelvic flexure does not possess any microscopic organization to stop the reflux of contents from the dorsal colon into the ventral colon.     

Recovery and Germination of Dichrostachys cinerea Seeds Fed to Goats (Capra hircus)

Goats can act as dispersal agents by consuming seed pods of woody plants and dispersing the seeds in feces. Concerns that goats might thereby promote encroachment by woody plant species such as Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) have not been addressed. The objective of this study was to determine the recovery rate and germination of D. cinerea seeds that pass through the digestive tract of goats. We hypothesized that 1) D. cinerea seeds will remain intact and viable after passage through the digestive tract of goats and that 2) D. cinerea seeds will be scarified by such passage, resulting in improved germination percentages. The first trial measured the recovery rate of 1 500 D. cinerea seeds that were consumed by indigenous goats, either voluntarily after mixing them with feed pellets (mixed) or by force-feeding (gavaged). Seed recovery for the gavaged treatment (32.7%) was significantly higher than for the mixed treatment (9.9%; P &spilt; 0.001). The second trial determined germination percentages of D. cinerea seeds recovered from the feces of animals in the two treatments of the first trial as well as scarified and control (untreated) seeds. The germination percentage of mechanically scarified seeds (53.0%) was significantly higher than that of seeds that passed through the digestive system in the mixed (35.5%) or gavaged (31.2%) treatments or were untreated (19.0%; P &spilt; 0.001). Seeds that passed through the digestive tract (mixed and gavaged treatments) had a significantly higher germination percentage than untreated seeds (P &spilt; 0.001). A nonnegligible proportion of D. cinerea seeds remained intact after ingestive chewing and passage through the digestive system, and their germination percentage was even elevated. This suggests that goats have a potential to facilitate woody plant encroachment through dispersal of viable and scarified seeds.     

Genetic variation within and relationships among populations of Asian goats (Capra hircus)

Genetic variation at 59 protein coding loci (16 polymorphic) and 25 microsatellite loci was analysed for 11 indigenous south-east Asian goat populations, and the Australian feral population, to determine the magnitude of genetic differentiation and the genetic relationships among the populations. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected in one or more populations for eight of the nine protein loci with codominant alleles, and for microsatellites for all except the two Sri Lankan populations and for all but four loci. For both marker types, average inbreeding coefficients ( F _IS) were exceptionally high. Heterogeneity of deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the microsatellites showed no differences for among loci within populations as compared with among populations within loci. For protein loci, however, the former was higher, indicating selection affecting allele frequencies at some loci. The variance among protein loci was significantly higher than among microsatellite loci, further indicating selection at some protein loci. There was significant differentiation among populations for both protein and microsatellite loci, most likely reflecting the geography of south-east Asia, and the presumed spread of goats throughout the region. Phylogenies derived from pair-wise genetic distance estimates show some similar clustering for the microsatellite and protein based trees, but bootstrap support was generally low for both. A phylogeny based on the combined set of 38 protein and microsatellite loci showed better consistency with geography and higher bootstrap values. The genetic distance phylogeny and the Weitzman diversity tree derived from microsatellite data showed some identical clusters, and both identified the Ujung Pandang and Australia populations as contributing most to overall genetic diversity.