Change in the impression of rooms with interior wood finishes arranged differently: questionnaire survey with the use of photographs for the analysis of impressions of rooms concerning living activities

Efforts were made to quantify the impact of visual stimulation from interior wood finishes on the impression of room interiors, using feelings about living activities as indicators. Four types of room interiors with interior wood finishes used in different proportions were simulated. The room interiors were photographed from the same viewpoint. A survey was conducted by interviewing 200 test subjects. As a result of the analysis of principal components, it was found that desires of living activities obtained from the four photographs consisted of two factors: desires for calmness and desires for activities. A great desire for calmness was obtained from photographs showing wood materials. A weak desire for calmness and a strong desire for activities were obtained from a photograph that showed no wood materials. Great desires for both calmness and activities were obtained from a photograph showing wood materials used only as flooring material. As for an evaluation of “living,” the photograph of a room interior without wooden materials was evaluated as a place that test subjects did not feel like living in. The photograph showing wood materials used only as flooring material was evaluated as the place that test subjects most felt like living in, and considered most suitable as a living space.     

浅议木质室内装修材料与环境污染

根据当前人们对室内装修材料的要求，本文对木材，人造板这两大类木质装修材料的优，缺点进行了论述，并针对其造成的环境污染提出了相应的改进措施，这对人们在室内装饰，装修过程中进行合理选材，避免对环境造成污染有着十分重要的意义。     

小径材的实木化综合开发与应用前景

小径材为家具与室内装修材料的实木化生产提供了丰富的原材料。本着合理利用,节约利用,综合利用的原则,进行产品的优化设计与优化加工,小径材在家具与室内装饰业的开发与具有广阔的前景。     

Physiological effects in humans induced by the visual stimulation of room interiors with different wood quantities

To clarify the visual effects of room interior with wooden materials on humans, pulse rate, blood pressure, and brain activity were measured while the subjects were exposed to visual stimuli using actual-size model rooms. The wood ratios (the ratio of the area covered with wooden material to the whole area of the ceiling, walls, and floor) of the rooms were 0%, 45%, and 90%. Subjective evaluation was also conducted. In the 0% room, diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly, but the observed change in the autonomic nervous activity was relatively small. In the 45% room, a significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure and a significant increase in pulse rate were observed. This room tended to have the highest scores in subjective “comfortable” feeling. The 90% room caused significant and large decreases in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at the beginning of the test, but the large coverage of wood appeared to cause a rapid decrease in brain activity and an increase in pulse rate. The present study demonstrated that a difference in wood ratio in the interior caused different physiological responses, especially in the autonomic nervous activity, by using actual-size rooms for the first time.     

Assessment of temperature and relative humidity conditioning performances of interior decoration materials in the Taipei area (II)

The purpose of this study was to explore the conditioning effects of wood panels (used as interior decorating materials). We examined hourly the temperature and relative humidity (RH) in a living environment based on the average values during winters from 1974 to 1990 in the Taipei area. Thirty-six interior finish materials attached to one inside surface of a 35cm³ simulation aluminum container were used in this study. An A/V value (surface area of interior decoration materials attached to container/inside volume of container) of 2.86m^–1 or various other A/V values and panel thicknesses had no significant effect on the room temperature changing ratio. The hygroscopic conditioning performances of these decorative materials were classified into four types in accordance withb values: type I (b>0.0200) included four solid woods (unfinished), two wood-based materials, three composite materials, and one inorganic material. Type II (0.0170<b<0.0199) included one solid wood, eight wood-based materials, and two inorganic materials. Type III (0.0070<b<0.0169) included 11 wood-based materials and four inorganic materials. The RH changing ratio decreased curvilinearly with increasing interior decorating panel thickness and A/V values in a sealed container, whereasb values increased with increasing interior decorating panel thickness and A/V values in a sealed container.Part of this report was presented at ICEUPT'99, Chi-Tou, Taiwan, ROC, May 21–23, 1999     

木质重组材料研究现状与发展

木材是一直为人类所用的传统材料,木质重组材料是将木材加工成组元,利用现代技术按木纹近乎平行的方向将木材组元重组的新型木质材料,包括集成材、单板层积材、重组装饰薄木和重组木等.文中概述了各类木质重组材料的国内外研究现状,分析了在森林资源状况,新型胶粘剂的发展,机械加工水平的提高以及建筑、装修和交通运输行业的发展等外部因素带动下的木质重组材料的新发展,并提出建议.     

Effect of heat treatment temperature and time on sound absorption coefficient of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix kaempferi</Emphasis> wood

Heat treatment improves the dimensional stability and hydrophobicity of wood, and heat-treated wood is currently attracting attention as a new interior material. However, there are few evaluations where the acoustic properties of heat-treated wood are reported when such wood is used as an interior material. In this study, Larix kaempferi wood, typically used as a building material, was heat-treated at 200, 220, and 240 °C for 9, 12, 15, and 18 h. The sound absorption coefficients of the treated wood samples were measured at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz in a reverberation room. The sound absorption coefficient increased with the treatment temperature and the treatment time. The results of this study showed that the high-frequency band range sound absorption coefficient of wood can be increased dramatically by heat treatment.     

木质居室环境对哺乳动物一些生理指标的影响

用木材与木质材料组成的内装环境不但对居室的温度、湿度有调节作用,而且对动物体的生长、发育有一定的影响,这就是木材独有的环境学调节特性。近年来,中国台湾、日本和国内等学者相继开展了这方面的研究工作。王松永等(1997)、WangSongyong等(1994a ;1994b)对木质内装材料的房     

Assessment of temperature and relative humidity conditioning performances of interior decoration materials

The purpose of this study was to explore conditioning effects on wood panels (used as interior decorative materials). We examined hourly the temperature and relative humidity (RH) in a living environment based on the data of average values from 1974 to 1990 in the Taipei area. Thirty-six interior finish materials attached to one inside surface of a 35³ cu cm simulation aluminum container were used in this study. An A/V ratio (surface area/volume) of 2.86 (m^–1) or various other values and the panel thickness had no significant effect on the room temperature changing ratio. The hygroscopic conditioning performances of these decorative materials were classified into four types in accordance with b values: type I (b > 0.0200) included four solid woods (unfinished), seven wood-based materials, three composite materials, and one inorganic material. Type II (0.0170 <b < 0.0199) included one solid wood, five wood-based materials, and two inorganic materials. Type III (0.0070 <b < 0.0169) included nine wood-based materials, and four inorganic materials. The RH changing ratio decreased curvilinearly with increasing interior decorative panel thickness and A/V values in a sealed container, whereas theb values increased with increasing interior decorative panel thickness and A/V values in a sealed container.Part of this report was presented at IUFRO All Division 5 Conference, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, July 7–12, 1997     

落叶松非结构集成材加工工艺的研究

以短周期工业材落叶松为原料生产非结构集成材，解决了劣材优用问题，提高了木材利用率，为家具制造和室内装修提供了理想的优质材料。     

Dynamic viscoelastic properties of wood acetylated with acetic anhydride solution of glucose pentaacetate

 Spruce wood specimens were acetylated with acetic anhydride (AA) solutions of glucose pentaacetate (GPA), and their viscoelastic properties along the radial direction were compared to those of the untreated and the normally acetylated specimens at various relative humidities and temperatures. Higher concentrations of the GPA/AA solution resulted in more swelling of wood when GPA was introducted into the wood cell wall. At room temperature the dynamic Young's modulus (E′) of the acetylated wood was enhanced by 10% with the introduction of GPA, whereas its mechanical loss tangent (tan δ) remained almost unchanged. These changes were interpreted to be an antiplasticizing effect of the bulky GPA molecules in the wood cell wall. On heating in the absence of moisture, the GPA-acetylated wood exhibited a marked drop in E′ and a clear tan δ peak above 150°C, whereas the E′ and tan δ of the untreated wood were relatively stable up to 200°C. The tan δ peak of the GPA-acetylated wood shifted to lower temperatures with increasing GPA content, and there was no tan δ peak due to the melting of GPA itself. Thus the marked thermal softening of the GPA-acetylated wood was attributed to the softening of wood components plasticized with GPA. Received: March 29, 2002 / Accepted: May 21, 2002 Correspondence to:E. Obataya     

Ray tracheids in Pinus radiata are more highly resistant to soft rot as compared to axial tracheids: relationship to lignin concentration

A visual decay assessment of Pinus radiata wood, which was part of a framing timber in a house in the North Island of New Zealand, indicated the presence of surface decay. Microscopic observations, employing confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), provided evidence of decay by cavity-forming soft rot (SR) fungi. A comparison of ray tracheids (RT) with axial tracheids (AT) indicated that RT were considerably more resistant to SR than AT. In the heavily degraded regions of wood, where axial tracheid walls contained abundant SR cavities, the walls of RT contained only a few or no cavities. An assessment of lignin concentration in the cell walls by a combination of TEM, confocal fluorescence and UV microscopy provided evidence of greater lignin concentration in the secondary wall of RT as compared to AT, which may explain the observed greater resistance of RT to soft rot. Dedicated to Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Walter Liese on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

办公空间室内设计中的木制品软装搭配风格与应用

随着民众物质生活水平的不断提升,在装饰装潢过程中,越来越多的人已经不满足于物质生活需求,追求精神层面上的享受已经成为一种共识。介绍了办公空间室内软装基本原则,分析了办公空间室内软装个性化发展方向,从三个方面介绍了办公空间室内设计中的木制品软装搭配风格,并对其应用效果进行了深入分析。     

木质饰品常用装饰技法与不同树种材料属性间的关系

木质饰品采用何种装饰技法,与木质基材本身属性间存在着必然联系,不同的装饰技法对木材属性的要求不同.通常圆雕技法对木材的物理力学性质要求较高,常采用硬木材质;浅浮雕、线雕技法常用软木材质;烙画工艺对木质材料的材性、颜色、纹理有所要求,常采用材质较软的浅色、弱纹理木材;重彩工艺则常用浅色、色纯的木材;车木工艺常用纹理通直的木材.     

定向结构刨花板与其它人造板的比较

通过对定向结构刨花板与其它人造板就原料、生产特点、产品性能、价格和用途的比较，认为定向结构刨花板以小径材为主要原料，适应当前我国木材原料结构的变化。产品可替代结构胶合板，用于建筑业作墙体构件，室内装饰、列车与轮船的内部装饰件、家具、混凝土模板等，发展前途广阔。     

Volatile organic compounds from wood and their influences on museum artifact materials I. Differences in wood species and analyses of causal substances of deterioration

Wood is generally used as the interior material in museum storage rooms. Recently, however, the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood on artifacts has become a topic of great concern. The VOCs from four species of wood (western red cedar, spruce, kiri, and sugi) and their effects on artifact materials (two types of metal, seven types of pigment) were investigated using a deterioration-accelerating test, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results suggested that the influences on artifact materials varied greatly with wood species, and depended on specific components such as hinokitiol or acetic acid rather than the amount of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). It is a very serious problem that of the four species of wood, western red cedar (rich in hinokitiol), which has been recommended as an interior material for museum storage rooms, showed the heaviest deterioration on metal samples, and only this type of wood discolored enpaku (white lead) and rokushou (malachite, verdigris). In such storage rooms, museum artifacts should be carefully monitored. When selecting an interior material for a storage room or studying methods of preventing deterioration, it is very important to consider fully the characteristics of wood VOCs, not only the amount of TVOC.Part of this paper was presented at the 24th (Tokyo, June 2002) and 25th (Kyoto, June 2003) Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for the Conservation of Cultural Property     

十种树种刨花板制板工艺条件的研究

试验测定了十种树种枝桠材的密度、木材水浸提液的pH值和碱缓冲能力,及刨花堆积密度。通过对树种、板材密度、施胶量、固化剂和石蜡用量与板材性能之间关系的研究,提出了十种树种刨花板的制板工艺条件。     

镶木工艺品工艺研究概况及发展对策

人们在回归大自然思潮的影响下,对于用具有天然纹理的木材而构造的室内生活和工作环境特别偏爱,而天然珍贵木材的供需矛盾日益突出,成为当今木材制品发展的瓶颈。本文以镶木工艺品为研究实例,概括了国内外镶木工艺的发展现状,研究出了存在着的镶木工艺生产上的不足;同时寻找在优质原材料供应严重不足的条件下,发展薄木装饰材料,比如最终制成镶木工艺品的有效途径;并针对存在的问题,提出相应的发展对策。     

Application areas of synchrotron radiation tomographic microscopy for wood research

Possible applications for synchrotron radiation tomographic microscopy in the field of wood research were tested and evaluated at the TOMCAT beamline (TOmographic Microscopy and Coherent rAdiology experimenTs) at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland). For this study, small cylindrical samples (∅ 1 and 3 mm) were examined with different experimental setups resulting in a nominal voxel size of approximately 1.48 × 1.48 × 1.48 and 3.7 × 3.7 × 3.7 μm³, respectively. Suitability of the TOMCAT microscope for 3D investigations of wood anatomy was tested on several softwood and hardwood species revealing microscopic features (e.g. tyloses, wall thickenings or pits) down to the nominal pixel size. The results suggest that even features in the sub-voxel range can be made visible. Tomographic microscopy was also tested for wood technological applications, i.e. penetration behaviour of a wood preservative and also of three wood adhesives (poly-urethane resins) with different viscosities. Although the experiments with the preservative yielded no clear results, the method seems suitable for examining the penetration of the different adhesives. The adhesive penetrates the wood mainly by the vessels where it can be easily discerned from the wood structure.     

Modelling mould growth on coated modified and unmodified wood substrates exposed outdoors

Mould growth on coated wood is today a genuine challenge for house owners. Environmentally sound wooden facades with long service lives and acceptable appearance are desired. The objective in this study was to investigate the accumulated mould growth on 13 different wood substrates with 3 surface coating systems by identifying the factors that contribute to the variation and to predict future performance. A generalized linear mixed model was fit to the data with the analysis showing that coating and exposure time both had highly significant influences on mould growth. Further, wood substrate was significant, but comparatively less than coating and exposure time. A smaller coefficient for mould coverage in the beginning of the exposure period gave the panels with one of the coating systems, BAP, a delay in mould growth, and the extrapolated values for years 6–12 indicate a longer aesthetic service life than panels with the two other coating systems. Coated heartwood as wood type was less susceptible to mould growth than coated mixed wood and coated sapwood. Acetylated pine as wood substrate and aspen as wood species had lower resistance to mould growth than the other wood substrates and wood species, respectively.