添加乳酸菌的无芒雀麦青贮对西门塔尔牛生产性能的影响

本试验用从禾本科牧草上分离得到的植物乳杆菌和蒙氏肠球茵作为青贮添加剂调制田间中等规模的无芒雀麦青贮,研究其对西门塔尔牛生产性能的影响.选用经产健康的西门塔尔牛10头,采用随机分组试验设计,分为2个处理组,每组5头牛,分别饲喂含干草和青贮料的日粮,精粗比30:70.试验期为17 d.预饲期12 d,正试期5 d.结果表明,同饲喂干草组相比,给西门塔尔牛饲喂添加植物乳杆菌和蒙氏肠球茵的无芒雀麦青贮料,可以显著增加试验牛干物质采食量(DMI)(P＜0.05),千物质消化率(DMD)提高了4个百分点(0.05＜P＜0.1),提高乳产量(P＞0.05)及乳脂肪(P＜0.05),对乳糖、乳蛋白及酪蛋白含量无显著影响(P＞0.05).     

裹包青贮苜蓿替代苜蓿干草对奶牛奶产量及乳成分的影响

以裹包青贮苜蓿代替50%等量干物质的苜蓿干草,分析其对奶牛干物质采食量、产奶性能以及乳品质的影响。选取产奶量相近的中产奶牛200头,随机分为2组,每组100头,饲喂全混合日粮,试验组使用裹包青贮苜蓿代替50%等量干物质的苜蓿干草,试验期40 d,其中预试期10 d。在试验期间测定奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量及乳品质指标。结果表明,试验组在30 d内平均干物质采食量较对照组提高了8.2%(P0.05);产奶量二者差异不显著(P0.05);试验组乳脂率和乳蛋白分别较对照组提高了7.2%和9.3%(P0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P0.05)。研究结果提示,在奶牛日粮中用裹包苜蓿青贮替代部分苜蓿干草能提高奶牛干物质采食量,并对乳品质具有改善作用。     

饲喂小麦秸秆和小麦青贮对泌乳奶牛采食量、产奶性能和消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究小麦秸秆和小麦青贮替代部分全株玉米青贮对泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛采食量、产奶性能和消化率的影响。选取体重、胎次、泌乳期和产奶量相近的36头健康荷斯坦泌乳中后期奶牛,将其随机分为3组(对照组、小麦秸秆组和小麦青贮组),每组12个重复,每个重复1头牛,隔栏单独饲养。对照组饲喂全株玉米青贮的TMR饲粮,小麦秸秆组饲喂含有12%小麦秸秆的TMR饲粮,小麦青贮组饲喂含有20%小麦青贮的TMR饲粮,试验期共70 d,其中预饲期14 d,正式期56 d。结果表明,小麦秸秆组奶牛的干物质采食量(Dry matter intake,DMI)显著高于对照组和小麦青贮组(P0.05),对照组和小麦青贮组奶牛的DMI无显著差异(P0.05)。3组奶牛的可消化干物质采食量之间无显著差异(P0.05)。小麦秸秆组奶牛的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(CF)的消化率显著低于对照组和小麦青贮组奶牛(P0.05),对照组和小麦青贮组奶牛之间的营养物质消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。随着泌乳时间的延长,3组奶牛的日均产奶量逐渐降低。对照组奶牛的日均产奶量最高,为(16.84±4.92)kg/d;小麦青贮组奶牛的日均产奶量为(16.60±4.68)kg/d;小麦秸秆组奶牛的日均产奶量最低,为(16.37±3.66)kg/d,但3组奶牛的日均产奶量差异不显著(P0.05)。随着泌乳天数的增加,对照组奶牛乳蛋白率、乳糖率高于小麦秸秆组奶牛和小麦青贮组奶牛,但差异不显著(P0.05)。小麦秸秆组奶牛的乳脂率显著高于对照组和小麦青贮组(P0.05),小麦青贮组奶牛的乳脂率与对照组奶牛无显著差异(P0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,使用小麦秸秆和小麦青贮替代部分全株玉米青贮对泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛无显著影响,生产中可以利用小麦秸秆和小麦青贮替代部分全株玉米青贮作为奶牛饲料来源。     

日粮添加干玉米酒糟对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、泌乳性能和瘤胃发酵的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的干玉米酒糟对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、泌乳性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验选择45头健康的中国荷斯坦奶牛,按照胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量进行区组设计,随机分配到3个处理组中,每组15头牛。对照组奶牛饲喂以玉米和豆粕为基础的日粮,不含有干玉米酒糟,试验1组和试验2组奶牛饲喂的日粮均以干玉米酒糟替代部分玉米和豆粕,替代比例分别为10%和20%(干物质基础)。预试期为2周,正试期为10周。试验结果表明,日粮添加干玉米酒糟显著提高了泌乳奶牛干物质采食量(P<0.05),而不同干玉米酒糟添加比例对奶牛的干物质采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮添加干玉米酒糟显著提高了泌乳奶牛的产奶量,且呈剂量依赖效应(P<0.05)。日粮添加干玉米酒糟对乳成分无显著影响(P>0.05),但由于产奶量的增加显著增加了乳中营养成分含量(P<0.05)。日粮添加干玉米酒糟改变了瘤胃发酵模式,降低了瘤胃液乙酸摩尔比值(P<0.05),增加了丙酸和丁酸摩尔比值(P<0.05),降低了瘤胃液NH3-N浓度。因此,可以使用干玉米酒糟替代部分玉米和豆粕来配合奶牛日粮,本试验中以20%的添加量较为合适。     

苜蓿青贮饲用价值及经济效益分析

为规模化牧场苜蓿青贮的应用和推广提供科学依据。日粮中以苜蓿青贮替代部分苜蓿干草、玉米青贮及羊草,进行饲喂效果及饲喂成本对比,探讨苜蓿青贮对产奶量、乳品质及饲喂成本的影响。结果表明:奶牛日粮中添加苜蓿青贮,试验组奶牛日均产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和干物质含量均高于对照组,但两组差异不显著(P0.05)。试验组日粮成本降低4.96元/头,明显提高养殖经济效益。     

三种常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究

选取3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦牛,采用尼龙袋法评定苜蓿、无芒雀麦和玉米青贮的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性和有效降解率。结果表明:(1)苜蓿DM和CP有效降解率均在50%以上,显著高于其他粗饲料(P0.05),3种粗饲料的DM有效降解率由高到低依次为苜蓿无芒雀麦玉米青贮,CP有效降解率由高到低依次为苜蓿玉米青贮无芒雀麦,且不同粗饲料间均差异显著(P0.05)。(2)NDF和ADF有效降解率均以玉米青贮最高,苜蓿最低,3种粗饲料中NDF和ADF有效降解率由高到低均为玉米青贮无芒雀麦苜蓿(P0.05)。     

菜用大豆荚壳混合青贮饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究

本试验旨在研究菜用大豆荚壳混合青贮饲料对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验选取12头体况、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的奶牛,随机分为3组。对照组奶牛按牛场原有日粮和饲喂方式饲喂;试验Ⅰ组用6kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代1.5kg苜蓿干草,试验Ⅱ组用9kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代2.5kg苜蓿干草,其他均不作变动。结果表明:混合豆荚青贮饲料代替部分苜蓿干草对奶牛产奶量无显著影响,对乳蛋白、乳脂率、乳糖、非脂固形物和血液生化指标无显著影响。以产1kg标准乳计,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组可分别节约饲料成本0.08元和0.14元,可见利用混合豆荚青贮饲料替代部分苜蓿干草饲喂奶牛经济、可行。     

酒精清液发酵玉米秸秆替代全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究酒精清液发酵玉米秸秆替代全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能的影响。选取体重、年龄、胎次、产奶量和泌乳期相近的中国荷斯坦泌乳牛40头,随机分为2组,每组20头牛。试验分3期,各期的对照组均饲喂全株玉米青贮饲粮,各期的试验组分别饲喂用酒精清液发酵玉米秸秆替代30%(30%替代组)、60%(60%替代组)或100%(100%替代组)全株玉米青贮的试验饲粮。试验期27 d。结果表明:1)酒精清液发酵玉米秸秆的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、中性洗涤不溶蛋白质(NDIP)和酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质(ADIP)含量都显著高于全株玉米青贮(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,60%替代组奶牛的干物质采食量(DMI)增加了9.45%(P<0.05),产奶量无显著变化(P>0.05);100%替代组奶牛的DMI差异不显著(P>0.05),但产奶量降低了12.05%(P<0.05)。3)各试验组中,乳成分的百分比与对照组相比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,100%替代组乳蛋白的净含量提高了4.65%(P<0.05),而其他乳成分净含量显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可知,用酒精清液发酵玉米秸秆适量替代(30%或60%)全株玉米青贮不会影响奶牛的生产性能。     

杞柳条熟皮替代苜蓿对奶牛泌乳性能的影响

为了测定杞柳条熟皮的饲用价值以及替代苜蓿饲喂奶牛的效果,探讨其适宜的饲喂量,试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计方法,将24头体重、胎次、泌乳日龄、产奶量基本一致的健康荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组6头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组用2 kg杞柳条熟皮替代0.5 kg苜蓿干草,试验2组用4 kg杞柳条熟皮替代1.5 kg苜蓿干草,试验3组用8 kg杞柳条熟皮替代3.5 kg苜蓿干草,测定了杞柳条熟皮的营养成分以及奶牛泌乳性能,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明:1)杞柳条熟皮具有较高的饲用价值,完全可以替代青贮玉米和羊草或部分替代苜蓿作为反刍家畜的粗饲料,具有很大的开发利用价值。2)与对照组比较,试验1,2组泌乳量无显著变化(P0.05),试验3组泌乳量显著下降(P0.05);各试验组乳脂率显著上升(P0.05),其他乳成分无显著变化(P0.05);每生产1 kg 4%标准乳,试验1,2,3组分别节约成本0.03元、0.12元和0.28元,每头奶牛日净收入试验1,2组分别增加1.14元和0.68元,试验3组减少0.49元。说明2 kg杞柳条熟皮替代0.5 kg苜蓿干草饲喂奶牛最适宜,但4 kg杞柳条熟皮替代1.5 kg苜蓿干草也能取得较好的经济效益。     

日粮及粗料类型对奶牛产奶性能的影响

为探讨不同类型日粮和粗料对奶牛泌乳性能的影响,本试验选用12头健康荷斯坦牛为试验动物,随机分为3组,试验分两期进行.在精料相同条件下,第一期分别选用精粗比为40∶60的秸秆型A日粮(粗料仅为干玉米秸秆)、40∶60的青贮型B日粮和60∶40的青贮型C日粮(B、C日粮粗料仅为玉米秸秆青贮)为不同类型试验日粮进行试验;第二期粗料分别以干玉米秸秆(a日粮)、青苜蓿干草(b日粮)、干玉米秸秆和青苜蓿干草混合(50∶50,c日粮)为不同粗料类型试验日粮,进行奶牛饲喂试验.第一期试验结果表明:青贮玉米代替玉米秸秆或适当增加日粮中精料比例可显著提高奶牛的产奶性能,但乳脂率有降低的趋势.第二期试验结果表明:精料相同条件下,苜蓿青干草代替干玉米秸秆有助于提高产奶量和乳蛋白率,但是会显著降低乳脂率.玉米秸秆与苜蓿混合饲喂和单一饲喂玉米秸秆相比,产奶量与乳蛋白率均有所提高,但乳脂率显著降低;和单一饲喂苜蓿相比,虽然乳糖率略有提高,但产奶量和乳蛋白率明显减少,乳脂率也显著降低.     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Serum triglyceride concentration in dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum triglyceride concentrations obtained after food had been withheld (i.e., fasting concentrations) in dogs with epilepsy that had been treated long term (> or = 3 months) with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and potassium bromide with concentrations in healthy control dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 57 epileptic dogs that had been treated with phenobarbital (n=28) or with phenobarbital and bromide (29) and 57 healthy, untreated control dogs matched on the basis of age, breed, sex, neuter status, and body condition score. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected after food had been withheld for at least 12 hours, and serum biochemical and lipid concentrations were determined. Oral fat tolerance tests were performed in 15 control dogs and 9 dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital alone. RESULTS: 19 of the 57 (33%) epileptic dogs had fasting serum triglyceride concentrations greater than the upper reference limit. Nine (16%) dogs had a history of pancreatitis, and 5 of the 9 had high fasting serum triglyceride concentrations at the time of the study. A significant relationship was found between body condition score and fasting serum triglyceride concentration in all dogs, but serum triglyceride concentration was not significantly associated with phenobarbital dosage or serum phenobarbital concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that dogs treated long term with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide may develop hypertriglyceridemia. Fasting serum triglyceride concentration should be periodically monitored in dogs treated with phenobarbital because hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for pancreatitis.     

资源环保安全优质节约谁能一肩挑——镇江市土著菌养鸡访谈录

三月底一个风和日丽的日子,我们去镇江采访土著菌养鸡的情况。对于土著菌,我们并不佰生,因为,我们几年前就报道过镇江广电总局基地的土著菌养鸡。只是那时镇江的主要精力放在稻鸭共作的研究和推广上,这几年土著菌养鸡养猪才被越来越多的人重视起来。不但如此,镇江人又用推广稻鸭共作的热情推广起土著菌养鸡养猪来。     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) were investigated through a retrospective study. Using case records, 48 dogs diagnosed with LPE were classified as survivors (n = 32) or non-survivors (n = 16), and the clinical and clinicopathological parameters were reviewed between the 2 groups by using univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. Compared to the hospital population, non-survivors had an overrepresentation of the Shiba breed. Results of univariate analysis indicated that anorexia, severe weight loss, packed cell volume, and total protein were significantly associated with survival for 6 months after diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, anorexia and hypoproteinemia were significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, initial response to treatment was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Based on these clinical and laboratory parameters such as anorexia, hypoproteinemia and initial response to treatment, it may be possible to predict poor prognosis in canine LPE.