日粮蛋氨酸水平对肉他鸡的影响

试验选取６００只１日龄ＡＡ肉他鸡，随机分成６组，研究了日粮６个水平的蛋氨酸对其生产性能和血液中甲状腺激素尿酸含量的影响。结果表明：日粮蛋氨酸低于０．２８％或高于１．５％时，肉他鸡生产性能显著下降，血清中尿酸含量显著提高；日粮蛋氨酸０．５％～１．０％时，肉他鸡生产性能与血清中尿酸含量没有显著差异；血浆中甲状腺激素含量不受蛋氨酸水平的影响。     

日粮蛋氨酸及赖氨酸水平对雌性肉仔鸡胴体组成的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮蛋氨酸和赖氨酸水平对 3～ 6周龄艾维茵母鸡胴体组成及脂肪代谢的影响。试验采用 3× 5双因子试验设计 ,蛋氨酸设 3个水平 ( 0 32 % ,0 4 4% ,0 56 % ) ,赖氨酸设 5个水平( 0 7% ,0 85% ,1 0 % ,1 1 5% ,1 30 % ) ,一共形成 1 5个处理组。基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、花生粕、玉米蛋白粉等组成。含代谢能 1 2 73MJ/Kg ,粗蛋白 1 8 8% ,赖氨酸 0 7% ,蛋氨酸 0 32 %。试验末分别检测生产性能 ,屠宰性能及血液生化指标。结果表明 :日粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸显著影响了肉仔鸡的胴体组成和脂肪代谢 (P <0 0 1 )。赖氨酸和蛋氨酸缺乏或过量 ,血浆尿酸、甘油三脂和极低密度脂蛋白浓度均呈上升趋势。日粮赖氨酸 ( 0 70 % )和蛋氨酸 ( 0 32 % )缺乏显著降低了肉仔鸡的体增重、胸肉率及全净膛率 (P<0 0 5) ,而腹脂沉积偏高。适度提高日粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平可以提高全净膛率 ,胸肌率 ,降低腹脂沉积 ,从而改善胴体品质     

日粮中不同蛋氨酸水平对感染E.tenella肉仔鸡的影响

试验采用 3× 2试验设计。将 7日龄 36 0只AA肉仔鸡按称重均匀分成 6组 (1、2、3、4、5、6 ) ,每组 6 0只鸡 ,每 5只鸡 1笼 ,饲养在不锈钢笼中。A处理为日粮蛋氨酸添加水平 0、0 .2 %、0 .8% ,B处理为孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫 (E .tenella)卵囊 (接种 3× 10 4 个孢子化E .tenella卵囊 ,未接种 )。其中 1、2组饲喂试粮 1(添加 0蛋氨酸 ) ,3、4组饲喂试粮 2 (添加 0 .2 %蛋氨酸 ) ,5、6饲喂试粮 3(添加 0 .8%蛋氨酸 )。 14日龄时 ,1、3、5组的鸡 ,每只分别接种 3× 10 4 个孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊 ,2 2日龄试验结束。结果表明 ,日粮中添加蛋氨酸与未添加蛋氨酸比 ,可以显著提高日增重(P <0 .0 5 )。日粮中添加 0 .8%的蛋氨酸与 0 .2 %相比 ,对试验期间肉仔鸡的生产性能的影响差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。日粮中蛋氨酸水平和柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对肉仔鸡的免疫器官指数影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但感染组的脾脏指数却都比未感染组大。日粮中蛋氨酸水平可以显著影响感染球虫肉仔鸡抗体的产量 (P <0 .0 5 )。随着日粮蛋氨酸水平的增加 ,血清抗体也随着增加。日粮中蛋氨酸水平可以显著影响感染球虫的肉仔鸡病变记分 (P <0 .0 5 )。日粮中添加 0 .8%的蛋氨酸 ,病变记分显著优于 0 .2 %组、0组 (P <0 .0 5 )。在球     

在肉仔鸡日粮中以甜菜碱替代部分蛋氨酸的研究

本试验研究了在肉仔鸡实用日粮中以甜菜碱替代部分蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡的生长和饲料转化效率的影响.试验中选用艾维因肉仔鸡840只,随机分为5组.甜菜碱为两种产品A和B,A为纯品,B为50%的粗品,按1:2用甜菜碱替代对照组日粮中蛋氨酸添加量的1/2和2/3,即甜菜碱在各组的添加水平前期分别为0%、O.0375%、0.05%;后期分别为0%、0.025%、O.033%.前期各组的蛋氨酸添加水平分别为0.15%、0.075%、0.05%,后期添加水平分别为O.1%、0.05%、0.033%.试验结果表明,前期肉仔鸡的日增重和体重在各处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),而饲料转化效率替代组比对照组好(P相似文献   

不同蛋氨酸源对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)和蛋氨酸羟基类似物(MHA-FA)是常用的两种蛋氨酸添加剂。本试验旨在研究两种蛋氨酸添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机设计。7日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡560只,随机分为7个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复16只,试验持续至42日龄。自由采食饮水。计算各周及全期增重、采食量和料肉比。试验结果显示,基础日粮中添加适宜水平的蛋氨酸可显著改善肉鸡的生产性能(P<0.05),但不影响肉鸡的采食量。以料肉比为指标肉仔鸡的蛋氨酸需要量为:肉小鸡阶段0.44%(ME12.12MJ/kg,CP19.5%);肉中大鸡阶段0.35%(ME12.25MJ/kg,CP18.0%)。MHA-FA的相对生物学效价分别是:64%(肉小鸡日增重)、55%(肉小鸡料肉比);85%(肉中大鸡日增重)、60%(肉中大鸡料肉比);74%(全期日增重)、61%(全期料肉比)。     

蛋氨酸螯合锰对肉仔鸡免疫性能的影响

将刚出壳的AA商品代肉仔鸡150只随机分成3组,以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,分别添加100mg/kg MnSO4(试验1组)、60mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锰(试验2组)和100mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锰(试验3组),进行饲养试验。分别测定了各组肉仔鸡21日龄、42日龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊指数,并在42日龄时检测血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白的含量。结果表明,等剂量(100mg/kg)的蛋氨酸螯合锰和硫酸锰相比可使肉仔鸡免疫器官指数和血清球蛋白含量显著提高(P0.05),但对成活率影响不显著(P0.05);而低剂量(60mg/kg)的蛋氨酸螯合锰与硫酸锰(100mg/kg)相比各项指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫反应的影响

本试验研究了不同添加剂量的液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物（Liquid DL-Methionine Hydroxy Analogue,LMA）对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫反应的影响。试验采用单因子4个水平的随机设计,256只1日龄AA肉公雏被随机分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复8只鸡,分别满足肉仔鸡各阶段蛋氨酸需要量的80%、100%、120%和140%。试验对肉仔鸡生产性能、细胞免疫和体液免疫指标分别进行了测定。结果表明：随日粮LMA添加水平的提高,肉仔鸡体增重和采食量无显著变化（P〉0.05）,料重比呈线性降低（P〈0.05）,80%处理组最高（P〈0.05）;21日龄脾脏相对质量120%处理组显著高于80%处理组（P〈0.05）;血清球蛋白呈线性提高（P〈0.05）;外周血淋巴细胞吞噬活性呈二次曲线变化,且80%处理组显著低于其它组（P〈0.05）;LPS刺激的外周血淋巴细胞转化率呈二次曲线变化,其中21日龄的120%组和42日龄的100%组显著高于其它处理组（P〈0.05）;NDV一免后第4天和BSA二免后第13天的抗体滴度呈二次曲线变化,且100%或120%处理组显著高于其它组（P〈0.05）。试验表明：日粮添加LMA可以提高肉仔鸡的饲料利用率、体液免疫和非特异性免疫活性。     

不同甜菜碱用量替代蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡的影响

在基础日粮中,用甜菜碱部分替代蛋氨酸添加量的1／2或2／3,以观察对肉用仔鸡的影响,结果表明：用甜菜碱代替1／2蛋氨酸时,肉仔鸡的日增重和体重与对照组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,替代2／3时差异显著（P〈0．05）;替代1／2蛋氨酸组饲料转化率显著高于对照组和替代2／3组（P〈0．05）,死亡率各组之间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。     

日粮蛋氨酸对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫肉仔鸡血糖值的影响

采用单因子多水平的试验设计法研究5个日粮蛋氨酸水平(0.25%～1.04%)对人工感染(前、后)3×104的肉仔鸡血糖值变化的影响。结果表明:人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫前,当日粮蛋氨酸高水平(1.04%)时,鸡血糖显著地低于0.45%组(P<0.05),其余各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);感染后鸡的血糖值均高于感染前,但组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

蛋氨酸络合盐的肉鸡日粮中的应用效果

蛋氨酸络合盐是蛋胺酸与微量元素铁、铜、锰、锌、钴等过渡元素,通过配位键和离子键形成的络合物。畜禽消化道对从络合形式存在的蛋氨酸和微量元素吸收率较高,因此,饲料中添加蛋氨酸络合盐可达到提高日增重,改善饲料报酬,提高经济效益的目的。本试验选用青州市德昌化工总厂研制的蛋氨酸络合铜、铁、锰、锌复合络合物,按０．２５％、０．２４％、０．２３４％的添加量,分别添加于前、中、后三阶段肉鸡饲料中,替代对照组饲料中     

Effects of methionine and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on performance and energy metabolites in breast muscle of male broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets

ABSTRACT

1. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the single endogenous precursor of creatine, which plays a critical role in energy homeostasis of cells. Since GAA is endogenously converted to creatine by methylation, it was hypothesised that the effects of dietary GAA supplementation might determine the methionine (Met) availability in corn-soybean based diets.

2. A total of 540, one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to nine dietary treatments with six replicates (10 birds each) in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three graded levels of supplementary Met (+0.4 g/kg per level), whilst cystine was equal across groups, resulting in a low, medium and high level of total sulphur amino acids, and with three levels of GAA (0, 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg). Birds were fed for 42 days.

3. Increasing levels of supplemental Met enhanced performance indices in all rearing periods, although there was no effect on feed conversion ratio in the grower or feed intake in the finisher periods. Final body weight was 8.8% and 14.6% higher in the birds fed medium and high Met diets, respectively, compared to the low Met level. Relative breast weight and protein content in muscle on d 25 linearly increased with higher levels of Met. At low and high Met levels, growth in the finisher phase was negatively affected by supplementing GAA at 1.2 g/kg. It was suggested that disturbances in methylation homeostasis and/or changes in Arg metabolism might explain these findings. At the end of the grower phase, muscle creatine content was higher when feeding GAA at 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg (4464 and 4472, respectively, vs. 4054 mg/kg fresh muscle in the control group).

4. The effects of dietary GAA supplementation were influenced by the dietary Met level only in the finisher period, which indicates the need for proper sulphur amino acid formulation in diets when feeding GAA.     

Effects of dietary substitution of zinc‐methionine for inorganic zinc sources on growth performance,tissue zinc accumulation and some blood parameters in broiler chicks

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of zinc‐methionine (ZnMet) as a replacement for conventional inorganic zinc sources on performance, tissue zinc accumulation and some plasma indices in broiler chicks. A total of 450‐day‐old Ross male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five pen replicates of nine experimental diets. Dietary treatments consisted of two basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg added Zn as feed‐grade Zn sulphate or Zn oxide in which, Zn was replaced with that supplied from ZnMet complex by 25, 50, 75 or 100%. At 42 days of age, three randomly selected birds from each pen were bled to measure plasma metabolites; then, the chicks were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. Results showed that dietary treatments affected (p < 0.05) feed intake during the starter period, and chicks on Zn oxide diets consumed more feed than sulphate counterparts. Furthermore, dietary substitution of inorganic Zn sources by ZnMet caused improvements (p < 0.01) in body weight gain during all experimental periods. Dietary supplementation of ZnMet improved feed conversion efficiency during 1–21 and 1–42, but not in 21–42 days of age. Complete replacement of inorganic Zn by that supplied from ZnMet caused an increase (p < 0.05) in relative liver weight. Similarly, dietary inclusion of ZnMet increased breast meat and carcass yields and reduced abdominal fat percentage (p < 0.05). Incremental levels of ZnMet increased (p < 0.05) zinc concentrations in liver and thymus, and the highest zinc accumulations were seen in 100% ZnMet‐supplemented birds. Interestingly, introduction of ZnMet into the diets partially in place of inorganic sources resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations. The present findings indicated that dietary ZnMet inclusion in replacement of inorganic sources in addition to improving growth performance, reduced plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations, consequently decreased abdominal fat pad and increased carcass meat yield.     

高温条件下大豆黄酮对产蛋前期种鸡产蛋性能和血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

选取 90只 1 55日龄岭南黄肉用种母鸡 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 30只。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组Ⅰ喂基础日粮 +大豆黄酮 (Da)每千克饲料 3mg ,试验组Ⅱ喂基础日粮 +Da每千克饲料 6mg。预试期为 7d ,试验期 2 5d。各组混养 3只公鸡。采集试验处理前 1d ( 2 2℃ )、处理第 7天 ( 2 3℃ )、 1 1天 ( 30 5℃ )、 1 5天 ( 32 3℃ )的血样 ,测定甲状腺激素 (T3、T4 )水平。结果显示 :①与对照组相比 ,温度为 30 5℃ ,持续 2d ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的产蛋率分别提高 30 0 %和 4 4 3% ,蛋重分别提高 5 99% (P <0 0 5)和降低 2 89% ,受精率分别降低 2 0 4 %和提高3 85% ,破蛋率降低 ;当温度升至 31 5～ 33℃ ,持续 4d ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ产蛋率、蛋重、受精率和破蛋率增加 ,但差异不显著。②处理第 1 1天 ,与对照组相比 ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的T3分别提高 2 5 6 %和 56 4 % ;处理第 1 5天 ,T3分别提高 75 8%和 6 3 6 %。③与对照组相比 ,处理第 1 1天 ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的T4 分别提高 32 2 %和降低 9 1 2 % ;处理第 1 5天 ,T4 分别降低 1 5 1 7%和提高 4 7 9% (P <0 0 5)。     

不同剂量的蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡肝脏病理组织结构和粪便铜含量的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分成4组。使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个高铜试验组分别为:110mg/kg、220mg/kg和330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束。于第12,36,60日龄在各组内随机采血,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性;测量60日龄各组肝脏和粪便的铜含量并观察肝脏组织病理变化。结果显示:①血清ALT和AST活性均在正常范围内,没有异常升高;②110mg/kg和220mg/kg组的肝脏组织中铜含量比对照组有所升高,但是差异不显著(P>0.05),而330mg/kg组则极显著高于其他3个试验组(P<0.01);110mg/kg,220mg/kg和330mg/kg组的粪便中铜含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);③330mg/kg组的肝脏组织大部分细胞中度变性,其他各组病理变化不明显。试验结果表明,日粮中蛋氨酸铜浓度达到330mg/kg时,肝脏内的铜蓄积量会迅速增多且对肝脏造成较大的损伤,粪便中的铜含量随着日粮中铜含量的增加而迅速增多,可能对环境造成不利影响。     

Marginal deficiencies of dietary arginine and methionine could suppress growth performance and immunological responses in broiler chickens

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) on performance, immune responses, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 540 day‐old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into the nine experimental diets, consisting five replicates of 12 birds each. Dietary treatments included three different levels (90%, 100%, and 110% of National Research Council [NRC] specifications) of either dietary Arg or Met, which were fed to the birds according to a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments during a 42 days feeding trial. Results showed that supplementation of Arg and Met into the deficient‐diets increased (p < .01) weight gains during all trial periods. Although average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not influenced by dietary treatments, increasing Arg up to 100% of NRC recommendations improved (p < .05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) throughout the trial period. Similarly, supplementation of deficient‐diets with Met improved FCR values. There was a significant (p < .01) Arg × Met interaction for ADFI during the starter period; increasing the dietary Arg level increased ADFI when the diets were deficient in Met, while had an opposite effect in diets containing higher dietary Met levels. On the other hand, dietary Met fortification improved (p = .067) FCR values to a greater extent in 110% Arg‐diets during the entire trial period. Although different levels of Arg and Met had no marked effects on carcass yield and abdominal fat percentage, supplemental Arg up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .01) the relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Furthermore, bursa weight was affected by Arg × Met interaction (p < .01), so that supplemental Arg level of 100% of NRC increased the relative bursa weight in birds that were fed diets containing 90% and 110% of Met. Serum uric acid level was decreased (p < .05) as a result of dietary Arg fortification up to 110% of NRC recommended values. Supplementation of deficient‐diets with Met decreased (p < .05) serum cholesterol level. Although Newcastle antibody titer was not affected by dietary Arg or Met levels, Arg fortification of deficient‐diets increased (p < .001) antibody responses against infectious bronchitis (IBV) and bursal (IBD) disease viruses. Similarly, Met supplementation of deficient‐diets increased IBD antibody titer. There were significant (p < .05) Arg × Met interactions for IBV and IBD titers; Met fortification of 110% Arg‐diets was more effective in increasing antibody titers. An increase in dietary Met level up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .001) serum concentration of γ‐globulins. The present findings imply that supplemental Arg could affect feed efficiency and antibody responses when the diets were already fortified with a sufficient Met level.     

理想氨基酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠体性状的影响

试验选用1日龄爱拔益加商品代肉仔鸡600只(公母各半),随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复25只鸡。分别饲喂高、中、低理想氨基酸水平的日粮,研究理想氨基酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠体性状的影响。结果表明,0~44日龄中氨基酸水平组和高氨酸水平组的出栏重显著高于低氨酸水平组(P<0.05)。高氨基酸水平组腹脂率显著低于低氨基酸水平组41.63%(P<0.05);高氨基酸水平组大腿肉率和净腿肉率均显著高于中和低氨基酸水平组(P<0.05)。     

Effect of dietary citric acid on the performance and mineral metabolism of broiler

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary citric acid (CA) on the performance and mineral metabolism of broiler chicks. A total of 1720 Ross PM3 broiler chicks (days old) were randomly assigned to four groups (430 in each) and reared for a period of 35 days. The diets of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were supplemented with 0%, 0.25%, 0.75% or 1.25% CA by weight respectively. Feed and faeces samples were collected weekly and analysed for acid insoluble ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). The pH was measured in feed and faeces. At the age of 28 days, 10 birds from each group were slaughtered; tibiae were collected from each bird for the determination of bone mineral density, total ash, Ca, P, Mg and bone‐breaking strength, and blood was collected for the measurement of osteocalcin, serum CrossLaps^®, Ca, P, Mg and 1,25(OH)₂Vit‐D in serum. After finishing the trial on day 37, all chicks were slaughtered by using the approved procedure. Birds that were fed CA diets were heavier (average body weights of 2030, 2079 and 2086 g in the 0.25%, 0.75% and 1.25% CA groups, respectively, relative to the control birds (1986 g). Feed conversion efficiency (weight gain in g per kg of feed intake) was also higher in birds of the CA‐fed groups (582, 595 and 587 g/kg feed intake for 0.25%, 0.75% and 1.25% CA respectively), relative to the control birds (565 g/kg feed intake). The digestibility of Ca, P and Mg increased in the CA‐fed groups, especially for the diets supplemented with 0.25% and 0.75% CA. Support for finding was also indicated in the results of the analysis of the tibia. At slaughter, the birds had higher carcass weights and higher graded carcasses in the groups that were fed the CA diets. The estimated profit margin was highest for birds fed the diet containing 0.25% CA. Birds of the 0.75% CA group were found to have the second highest estimated profit margin. Addition of CA up to a level of 1.25% of the diet increased performance, feed conversion efficiency, carcass weight and carcass quality, but only in numerical terms. The addition of CA up to 0.75% significantly increased the digestibility of macro minerals, bone ash content, bone mineral density and bone strength of the broiler chicks. It may, therefore, be concluded that the addition of 0.75% CA in a standard diet is suitable for growth, carcass traits, macromineral digestibility and bone mineral density of broiler chicks.     

高含量共轭亚油酸豆油在肉鸡生产中的应用

本试验选择1800羽艾维茵(AA)肉鸡,随机分为2个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复300羽鸡,以研究在日粮中添加2.0%豆油和2.0%高含量共轭亚油酸豆油对AA肉鸡生产性能及饲养效益的影响,目的是验证自行研制的高含量CLA豆油在肉鸡中的作用效果及在肉鸡生产中应用的可行性,试验期为49d。结果表明:试验组日增重、育成率和毛利润等指标分别比对照组提高了10.1%、12.83%和36.36%,料肉比却降低了11.79%。表明在肉鸡饲料中添加高含量CLA豆油饲喂肉鸡,具有促进生长、增强抗病力、提高育成率和经济效益的积极作用。