甘蔗叶面喷施生物宝肥效试验初报

在甘蔗生长前期于叶面喷施"生物宝"具有一定的增产增糖效果.其效果表现为蔗茎的增粗、产量的增加,糖分、重力纯度、榨出汁的提高和还原糖分、纤维分的降低.具体表现为喷施生物宝的B处理比对照A处理产量增66kg/亩,增9.01%;糖分提高0.04个百分点;亩含糖量增111.75kg/亩,增9.28%.     

应用飞机大面积喷施抗旱型甘蔗増糖增产剂的效果研究

研究应用飞机大规模喷施抗旱型增糖增产剂的实际效果,为在生产上提高甘蔗的抗旱性,实现增产增糖提供依据。本研究在2008/2009和2009/2010两个年度于广西蔗区甘蔗生长后期应用飞机大面积喷施抗旱型甘蔗增糖增产剂共2 400 hm2,以后分别调查其对甘蔗品质及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:喷施抗旱型甘蔗增糖增产剂后甘蔗绿叶数和叶绿素都有所增加,并提高了蔗汁锤度和重力纯度、甘蔗纤维分和蔗糖分,降低了蔗汁还原糖分,其中以2009～2010年度喷施50 d时表现最为明显,新植和宿根蔗平均甘蔗蔗糖分比对照提高2.23%(绝对值,下同),新植蔗增糖效果优于宿根蔗;不同时期总平均甘蔗蔗糖分比对照提高1.33%。甘蔗株高、茎径、单茎重有一定的提高,平均甘蔗产量比对照增加14.3%,以宿根蔗增产效果优于新植蔗。应用抗旱型甘蔗增糖增产剂可以防止甘蔗叶片早衰,实现增糖增产,节本增效。     

甘蔗增糖增产剂对不同甘蔗品种（系）产量和品质的影响

以广西引进和自育的甘蔗品种（系）为试验材料,在甘蔗生长后期喷施甘蔗增糖增产剂的试验结果表明：甘蔗增糖增产剂处理对参试甘蔗各品种（系）的增产作用不明显;而对甘蔗品质有明显影响,能明显提高甘蔗蔗糖分,并能抑制甘蔗早熟品种退糖,降低甘蔗工艺成熟早期的还原糖分,改善蔗汁的品质,同时还一定地提高甘蔗的抗寒能力。     

甘蔗生长中后期螟害对甘蔗品质的影响

通过对3个甘蔗品种不同虫节率蔗茎与健康蔗茎,全虫节段与无虫节段的螟害甘蔗的甘蔗蔗糖分和蔗汁品质分析表明,螟害蔗茎的甘蔗蔗糖分随着虫节率的增加而降低,呈直线回归关系.螟害蔗茎的蔗汁品质比健康蔗茎的低.全虫节段比无虫节段甘蔗蔗糖分降低了1.46～2.90个百分点,重力纯度降低了1.74～4.28个百分点.螟害蔗茎为甘蔗生长中后期受螟虫危害所致.防治甘蔗生长中、后期螟害是一项提高甘蔗蔗糖分和改善蔗汁品质,提高甘蔗产量和甘蔗综合利用率的有效措施.     

不同时期喷施乙烯剂对甘蔗生长、主要农艺性状及抗早性的影响

在甘蔗的分蘖前期和伸长中前期对春植蔗桂糖15号用100mg/L的乙烯进行叶面喷施处理，结果表明：分薛前期喷施乙烯利的处理促进了甘蔗的生长，改善了经济性状，使分蘖和蔗茎伸长速度、茎长、茎径、单茎重及成茎率均有所提高，获得了较好的增产效果，同时提高了甘蔗的蔗糖分及品质。而伸长中前期喷施乙烯利的处理生长受抑制，茎长、茎径、单茎重均降低，从而产量较低，但其成茎率有所提高，蔗糖分明显提高，表现出明显的增糖和提高甘蔗品质的效果。此外，经乙烯利处理的甘蔗遇干旱时，有较强的抗旱性。在这两个乙烯利处理中，时期I处理的抗旱性最强，产量也较高，综合效果最好。     

新台糖16号收获后蔗茎品质的变化

甘蔗收获后蔗茎品质逐日变劣，蔗糖分和蔗汁重力纯度是随贮存时间的增加而下降，蔗汁还原糖和干耗损失则随贮存时间的增加而增加。甘蔗不同种间品质变劣的难易存在差异。     

钾肥施用量对甘蔗产质量的影响

通过田间试验,研究甘蔗不同施钾水平对甘蔗产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加（1）甘蔗茎径、单茎重有明显下降趋势,有效茎数则有明显上升趋势,甘蔗的茎长、产量无明显趋势。（2）提高了蔗汁蔗糖分、总糖、改正锤度、重力纯度,改善了甘蔗品质。     

湛江主要甘蔗品种蔗汁品质指标变化规律分析

对蔗汁纯度、蔗汁转光度以及还原糖分随蔗汁蔗糖分增长的变化规律进行了分析。结果供试的湛江地区7个主要甘蔗品种各项品质指标表现为:在甘蔗成熟过程中,不同品种甘蔗随糖分积累的同时,纯度(包括简纯度和重力纯度)均不断增加,简纯度和重力纯度在交互变化,两者存在一个交点,交点后的纯度曲线趋于平稳。还原糖总量逐渐减少,但在成熟过程中,出现小的波动,转光度变化趋势与蔗汁蔗糖分最为一致。通过回归分析,对7个甘蔗品种蔗汁的6个主要品质指标,包括甘蔗蔗汁糖分(Suc)、还原糖分(Rs)、重力纯度(GP)、转光度(pol)、简纯度(AP)和锤度(Bx)进行数据分析。回归分析表明:甘蔗蔗汁糖分与其它5个品质指标呈线性关系。简单回归模型均达极显著水平(p<0.01)。通过逐步回归分析建立最优方程为:Suc=-4.47724939 0.03952629895AP 0.6598210692pol 0.3513029685Bx,方差分析表明多元回归模型达极显著水平(p<0.01),决定系数为0.997424。     

甘蔗"吨糖田"不同种植模式群体生长动态及其产量和品质效应

本试验在增施有机肥及一般大田栽培管理条件下，研究相同种植密度不同种植模式的甘蔗“吨糖田”群体生长动态及其产量、品质效应。结果表明：四种不同株行距的种植模式对甘蔗生长都有良好的促进效应，表现为发芽率高，分蘖发生早，有效伸长期长，伸长速度大，最适叶面积指数持续时间长，有效茎数多、蔗茎长、单茎重大、蔗糖分高、蔗汁品质优良。折每667m^2达到蔗茎产量7．95～9．78吨、甘蔗蔗糖分15．19％～15．41％、含糖量1．22～1．49吨的高产高糖水平。四种种植模式中，以D、A、B三种种植模式较好，蔗茎产量和含糖量均极显著或显著地高于C处理。综合各生长指标的表现，四种种植模式均适宜推广应用于“吨糖田”生产。     

甘蔗增糖增产剂示范推广技术总结

为探讨复合性营养型的化学催熟剂－甘蔗增糖增产剂在我县蔗区应用的可行性，在１９９４／９５年榨季实施４００公斤示范推广经验上，在１９９５／９６年榨季继续推广６６６．７公顷，每公顷用４５００ｍｌ，增糖增产剂兑水７５０ｋｇ进行喷施，３０天后调查表明，可增加甘蔗蔗糖份，１．３５％，田间锤度增加２．２４％，每公顷增产蔗茎６２９１ｋｇ，增幅达９．４％，大机压榨甘蔗蔗糖份增加０．７１％，重力纯度增加０．１０４％。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.