珊瑚礁鱼类公予小丑鱼人工繁殖和育苗技术

目前,热带海水观赏鱼作为宠物正越来越引起人们的关注,观赏鱼贸易正在成为世界范围内快速增长的产业[1].但是,超过95％的海水观赏鱼都是从珊瑚礁中捕捞的[2],由于采用不恰当的捕捉方式,会对珊瑚和鱼类造成巨大的伤害.随着自然资源的日益枯竭以及人们环保意识的日益提高,对热带海水观赏鱼进行人工繁殖成为了一个新兴的研究领域和产业,可以减少珊瑚礁生态系因人为捕获观赏鱼所造成的破坏,还能够为珊瑚礁生态系统的修复提供物质基础.     

考氏鳍竺鲷(Pterapogon kauderni)繁殖技术

为减少野生考氏鳍竺鲷(Pterapogon kauderni)做为海水观赏鱼的捕捞量,保护海洋野生动物种质资源,增加考氏鳍竺鲷市场供应量,使用野生考氏鳍竺鲷作为亲鱼,进行了考氏鳍竺鲷繁育技术研究,主要技术包括野生成鱼选择及驯养、成鱼配对、亲鱼促熟、产卵及护卵管理、受精卵孵化及苗种培育.     

世界观赏鱼贸易发展格局及我国观赏鱼发展对策

世界观赏鱼大致分为五大类：金鱼、锦鲤、热带鱼、淡水性其他观赏鱼、海洋性观赏鱼。目前世界上可饲养的观赏鱼约有1100多种，其中养殖淡水观赏鱼大约占观赏鱼养殖总量的85，养殖海水观赏鱼占15％。同时，野生淡水和海水观赏鱼的捕捞业亦有较大发展。当前，随着世界观赏鱼养殖业的迅猛发展，全球范围的观赏鱼进出口贸易也得到迅速发展，已经形成一定的贸易格局。根据有关统计，200年世界观赏鱼进口总额为2．45亿美元，出口总额达1．82亿美元，大约占世界水产品出口总额53亿美元的O．33(这些数据不包括观赏器材和水草等贸易。目前，世界观赏鱼每年出口数量达10亿尾左右。近几年来，世界观赏鱼市场逐渐从欧美东移新加坡，现正逐渐向中国发展。     

海水观赏鱼在运输与养殖过程中的用药

近年来,各地兴起了海水观赏鱼的饲养热.但由于海水观赏鱼自身生活环境、生活习性及其捕捞、运输过程的特殊性,其饲养具有很大难度,养殖成活率较低.本文从用药着手,结合海水观赏鱼的捕捞、运输及养殖过程的特点,分析具体环境中的用药要求.     

氰化物捕捞海洋观赏鱼的评价

在贸易商销售的观赏鱼中，一部分是用网捕的，而大部分海洋观赏鱼是用氰化物捕捉的，由于氰化物在捕捞观赏鱼时，不仅影响到珊瑚资源和海洋鱼类资源的生存繁衍，造成海洋生态的巨大破坏，导致海洋资源的衰减，而且由于在捕捞过程中使用的氰化物（Ｃｙａｎｉｄｅ）是一种强烈的神经毒物质，因而因中毒捕捞到的观赏鱼呈现出一种强烈的应激反应，从而造成鱼体免疫系统的全面衰竭，继而引起寄生虫和细菌的大面积感染，给水族馆观赏鱼的养殖带来重大损失。近年来，我国用氰化物捕捞海洋观赏鱼有增无减，为了使水族同行加强对氰化物捕捞海洋观赏鱼…     

海水观赏鱼在运输与养改过程中的用药

近年来 ,各地兴起了海水观赏鱼的饲养热。但由于海水观赏鱼自身生活环境、生活习性及其捕捞、运输过程的特殊性 ,其饲养具有很大难度 ,养殖成活率较低。本文从用药着手 ,结合海水观赏鱼的捕捞、运输及养殖过程的特点 ,分析具体环境中的用药要求。1　引种运输过程与鱼病的产生海水观赏鱼的引种运输过程较为复杂 ,不仅是因为其至少包括 7～ 8个过程 ,而且这么多过程必须在 1 5～ 2 0d完成 ,这对娇嫩珍贵的海水观赏鱼绝对是一场生死劫难。许多鱼都由于此阶段的处理不当而死亡 ,或是留下鱼病隐患 (鱼病大多数与此有关 ) ,为以后养殖带来麻烦。　…     

海南省小丑鱼的产业发展及前景探析

小丑鱼,是喜爱养殖海水观赏鱼消费者的优选,目前在国内和海南进行快速推广及小规模示范养殖.中国水产科学研究院南海所也通过建立小丑鱼全人工繁育与养殖技术一整套系统体系,为小丑鱼人工养殖产业化打下坚实的产业基础,带动了我国及海南海水观赏鱼养殖业的兴起,与其同时,让消费者能够得到品质最佳的小丑鱼,也减少渔民到天然海域去捕捉野生的观赏鱼,从而保护珊瑚礁的生物多样性,具有重要的经济价值、社会价值和生态意义.     

黄尾副刺尾鱼人工繁育技术

<正>黄尾副刺尾鱼(Heniochus acuminatus)又称蓝吊、蓝唐王鱼,是一种高价值的海水观赏鱼。近年来野生资源因过度捕捞而使得资源量急剧减少,市场供不应求。笔者在琼海科研基地进行了黄尾副刺尾鱼的人工繁育试验,现将试验情况总结如下。一、亲鱼来源与驯养2023年5-10月,笔者于中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所琼海科研基地开展黄尾副刺尾鱼的人工育苗。亲鱼来源于海南谭门码头收购的野生黄尾副刺尾鱼,挑选体表无伤、游动正常、     

浅析我国观赏鱼贸易

随着人们物质生活的丰富和生活质量的提高，发达国家与发展中国家，都在兴起一种观赏鱼热。一方面观赏鱼休闲饲养迅速发展，观赏鱼作为一种水养宠物，使各国人民业余生活充满了美的享受，调节精神，陶冶情操。另一方面一些国家，特别是发展中国家，观赏鱼生产养殖规模越来越大，利用各自的优势发展观赏鱼养殖，互通有无，开展贸易，使观赏鱼产业成为渔业经济发展的一个新的增长点。一、世界观赏鱼市场概述观赏鱼可分为五大类：金鱼、锦鲤、热带鱼、淡水性其他观赏鱼及海洋性其他观赏鱼。观赏鱼贸易品种约有１６００多种，其中５０％为淡水品…     

稳步推进天津市渔民转产转业工作

海洋渔业是我国沿海地区的重要产业,但由于多年来捕捞强度过度增长,海洋渔业资源尤其是近海渔业资源不断衰退,严重影响了海洋渔业和沿海渔区经济的可持续发展;加上中日、中韩渔业协定相继生效,我国近海渔业捕捞产量将大幅度下降,部分近海渔民面临转产转业的现实问题。为进一步保护海洋渔业资源和生态环境,实现渔业可持续发展,根据《中华人民共和国渔业法》有关规定,农业部部署制订了《关于2003-2010年海洋捕捞渔船控制制度实施意见》,通过压减捕捞渔船船数和功率数,达到初步控制我国海洋捕捞强度盲目增长和资源过度利用,逐步实现海洋捕捞强…     

Application of Marine Foodfish Techniques in Marine Ornamental Aquaculture: Reproduction and Larval First Feeding

The long-term sustainability of the marine ornamental industry is being threatened by environmental pressures that are severely degrading the health of coral reef ecosystems. There is now a compelling need to practice resource conservation through the development of 'reef friendly' aquaculture technologies as an alternative to wild collection practices and to restore degraded wild populations. The commercial culture of marine ornamental finfish is very much in its infancy, but advances can be made more rapidly using insights from years of research and development with marine foodfish species. Many of the bottlenecks and constraints to developing marine ornamental fish culture are those now being addressed with the more challenging species of foodfish being attempted. The two key bottlenecks that currently limit expansion of the marine ornamental industry are the control of captive maturation and spawning and the identification of appropriate first-feed items for marine ornamental fish larvae. This paper highlights basic principles and recent achievements in marine foodfish culture that might be applicable to rapid development of controlled reproduction and propagation techniques for marine ornamental finfish.     

Ornamental Reef Fish Aquaculture and Collection in Hawaii

Ornamental fishes endemic to Hawaii's reefs are a valued resource and a staple of the marine aquarium trade, worldwide. At present, the market for Hawaiian ornamental reef fish is supplied entirely by the export of wild-captured animals, but the long-term sustainability of this practice is debatable. The success of breeders of ornamental fishes elsewhere, and concerns about overexploitation of wild fishes have stimulated interest in the development of an industry based on the captive propagation and rearing of Hawaiian ornamental fishes. Initial attempts to spawn and rear the larvae of various marine ornamental fishes in Hawaii were carried out in the early 1970s. The results of these culture efforts, conducted primarily at the Oceanic Institute and the University of Hawaii's Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology on Oahu, have varied in success. For the most part, these results have appeared previously only in dissertations or in reports distributed locally. Technological improvements in marine aquarium husbandry and in the culture of edible marine fishes have both benefited practitioners of ornamental reef fish culture, and promise to do so in the future. Our objective in this paper is to review the progress that has been made in the captive cultivation of ornamental marine fishes and to provide an overview of the status of the marine aquarium industry in Hawaii.     

The Potential for the Restoration of Marine Ornamental Fish Populations Through Hatchery Releases

Populations of tropical and subtropical marine fish are being depleted worldwide to supply increasing demands of the aquarium industry and fresh seafood market. Overfishing and destructive harvest techniques have left some marine fish populations virtually extirpated in a number of primarily underdeveloped countries. In situations where only small remnant populations and significantly degraded habitat remain, population recovery even under the complete absence of collection will be slow, with the high potential for population loss due to natural environmental and recruitment variability. Stock enhancement, supplementing natural recruitment with hatchery produced fry, has the potential to significantly increase the rate of population recovery while maintaining population vigor.Stock enhancement research on Pacific threadfin has demonstrated measurable positive impacts on recreational and commercial fisheries for this species in experimental scale releases; similar successes can be expected for enhancement efforts directed toward species of ornamental value. The major technological barrier to ornamental fish enhancement, the development of appropriate culture capabilities, is being addressed in research directed to the commercial production of fish for the aquarium trade.     

Essential Fish Habitat and the Effective Design of Marine Reserves: Application for Marine Ornamental Fishes

Extensive and unregulated harvest of marine ornamental fishes can lead to localized depletion of target species and habitat degradation from inappropriate collecting techniques. One potential solution to these problems is the creation of marine reserves where fishing is prohibited. Marine reserves have been shown to increase fish abundance and protect ecosystems from habitat destruction associated with fishing. If protective areas are to be effective, they must include the diversity of habitats necessary to accommodate the wide range of fish species that are of interest to the marine ornamental fish trade.Fish assemblages with high diversity and abundance are often associated with habitats of high structural complexity. A relationship between fish size and reef complexity suggests the importance of shelter as a refuge for certain fishes in avoiding predation. Many species tend to aggregate to spawn in structurally complex habitats to reduce their risk of predation. Closing of spawning areas during aggregation periods has been shown to be a highly effective management strategy for these species. The limited home ranges and high degree of habitat specificity associated with many marine ornamental fishes should make marine reserves a highly effective strategy for managing these resources.     

新加坡观赏鱼产业发展的机遇与挑战

新加坡是一个小岛国,农业用地及用于养鱼的海域面积均很有限。但新加坡观赏鱼产业相当独特和成功,是世界第一观赏鱼出口国,向80多个国家出售超过1 000种鱼类,2016年的年收入达到4 300万美元。该产业的成功主要源于其在许可证颁发,生物安全控制,养殖,包装,运输和疾病控制等各方面所具有的独特特征。新加坡正在努力驯养和培育许多高价值的海洋物种和新的淡水物种,并开发新型的循环水养殖系统。上游研究侧重于开发和使用基因组工具来培育新品种并维持野外种类的遗传多样性。但由于养殖鱼类的空间有限,邻国竞争激烈,该行业面临诸多挑战,其市场份额正在减少。在这篇综述中,我们将总结新加坡观赏鱼产业的现状和发展,讨论其面临的挑战,并提出保持该产业领先地位的建议。     

United States of America Trade in Ornamental Fish

Ornamental fish production is among the leading cash crops of the United States of America aquaculture economy, and retail value of the fish trade is worth approximately US$l,000 million. However, few studies exist to document this trade. Using import and export documents we report trends in total values for the U.S. trade in ornamental fish. Also, we determined the number and value of the most commonly imported ornamental fish. In 1992, approximately 201 million fish valued at $44.7 million were imported into the U.S. The port of Los Angeles handled 39% of all trade activity, Miami 22%, New York 16%, Tampa 6%, and Honolulu 6%. Freshwater fish accounted for approximately 96% of the total volume and 80% of the value of the imports. Most freshwater ornamental fish were farm-raised and imported from Southeast Asia. Most U.S. exports of ornamental fish were cultured in the state of Florida. Although saltwater fish had a high market value (20% of the declared value of the imports), the volume of these fish was only 4%. Most imported and exported saltwater ornamental fish were collected from the wild. Of the 1,539 species declared as ornamental fish, 32 species dominated the trade. These were all of freshwater origin. The guppy Poecilia reticulala and neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi were the most popular ornamental fish kept in U.S. households. The average prices paid for imported ornamental freshwater fish were 45 cents for egg layers and 22 cents for live bearers. The results of this study document the importance of the ornamental fish industry and identifies the most valuable species in the trade for potential domestic culture and protection in the wild.     

Ornamental Fish Industry in Sri Lanka: Present Status and Future Trends

The aquarium fish industry in Sri Lanka has become a valuable foreign exchange earner during the past few years, earning Rs. 530 million in 1998. Sri Lankan ornamental fish exports for the international market include locally wild caught marine, brackish-water and freshwater species as well as captive bred freshwater fish. Presently, there are about 18 registered aquarium fish exporters and together they currently contribute approximately 1% of the world's demand for ornamental fish. Of the freshwater fish species exported from Sri Lanka, the guppy ranks the highest (67% by number), followed by swordtails, angels, platies and various species of tetras. This study aims to assess the present status and future trends in the ornamental fish industry in Sri Lanka; to overview the present fish production system which caters for the international market; and to identify present constraints within the industry. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Marine ornamental fish imports in the European Union: an economic perspective

The marine ornamental fish trade (MOFT) is a worldwide industry that targets a remarkable quantity and diversity of reef fish species and provides an important source of revenue for exporting countries, particularly developing nations in Southeast Asia. Here we provide, for the first time, an economic assessment of the MOFT to the European Union (EU), one of the key players of the marine aquarium trade, along with the USA and Japan. Data from EUROSTAT (the European Statistical System) was analysed for the MOFT between 2000 and 2011. Results show that this industry was not affected by the economic crisis and accounted for a total of 135 million Euros during the study period. Both the UK and Indonesia have been reinforcing their importance as leading importer and exporter countries, respectively. The long‐term temporal pattern of the MOFT by EU and non‐EU countries is described, as well as its diversity and evenness between importing and exporting countries. The present economic assessment also identifies the key players of this industry, and ultimately contributes to management and conservation practices that may enhance the sustainable use of world's coral reefs.     

Possible applications of modern fish larviculture technology to ornamental fish production

There has been rapid development in the marine foodfishlarviculture technology in Europe since the early eighties,especially in the flat fish, turbot and halibut, and the bass andbream species. The most significant improvements in the eightieswere the introduction of light control, artificial reproductiontechniques, appropriate water treatment and the use of rotifersand Artemia nauplii of specific sizes and in the late eightiesand early nineties the quality enhancement of live food organismsusing specific enrichment techniques. Present research is focusedon the implementation of several microbial techniques to improvethe hygiene of live prey and fish.Many of the modern larviculture techniques being used in marine foodfish could be adapted for application in the ornamental fish industry. For examples, research in the Onamental Fish Section, Primary Production Department, Singapore has demonstrated that the use of freshwater rotifers and Artemia nauplii would enable artificial rearing of Discus in the absence of the parent fish and improve the larval performance of Gouramis and Tetra larvae. The use of such small live food organisms is likely to facilitate breeding of new fish species with small larvae. Research has also indicated that the use of diets containing vitamin C and certain immuno-stimulants improved the stress resistance of guppy. Such techniques would have important application in the fish transport, an important aspect in the ornamental fish industry     

Profile of the Marine Aquarium Fish Trade in Hong Kong

A market survey and review of government statistics were carried out to establish imports and exports of marine ornamental fishes into and out of Hong Kong, and to examine the local trade in terms of volume, value and species composition. Official government import figures for marine aquarium fishes were available from 1984 to 1991 and from 1997 and 1998. When compared with net imports, export and re-export volumes over the 15-year period were small, indicating that most imports entered the local market, or were exported unrecorded. The market survey of marine aquarium shops in Hong Kong was carried out between August 1996 and January 1997. From this survey, an annual estimate of 957,563 coral reef fish was calculated for the local trade, valued at HK$57,453,780, with a mean retail price of HK$60 per fish. These figures account for an estimated 2–3% of the global value and volume of marine aquarium fish trade, according to 1992 figures and, compared with government figures, indicate that official declarations of imports are underreported by at least 2–3 fold. A total of 342 marine aquarium fish species, from 49 families, were recorded with about 60% belonging to the families Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae and Pomacentridae. It was estimated that a large proportion of the trade was in juvenile fishes and almost all fish were less than 10cm in standard length. It was common to see fishes in poor condition, species hard to maintain in captivity, or those listed for conservation concern, on sale. There are no regulations for local traders of live marine fishes other than those relating to either protected species or animal welfare. Licensing of traders in marine fishes could be introduced under existing Hong Kong legislation if fishes were to be re-classified as animals. This is strongly recommended as a step towards regulating and managing the trade in Hong Kong.