二斑叶螨对常用杀螨剂的抗药性测定

采用玻片浸渍法 ,测定了二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch山东寿光种群 (R1)和山东烟台种群 (R2 )对常用杀螨杀虫剂的抗性 ,与山东泰安相对敏感种群 (S)相比 ,对哒螨灵、高效氯氟氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯 3种药剂的抗性 ,R1分别达 6.67、6.33和 10.36倍 ,R2分别达 26.56、15.4 5和 31.30倍 ,R1和 R2对上述 3种药剂均产生了较高水平的抗药性。另外,R1、R2种群对其它药剂也均表现出了不同程度的抗性现象。     

二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗药性及对18种杀螨剂交互抗性

采自甘肃兰州兴隆山公园的二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch),用雌雄单系培养敏感品系(S),用螺螨酯处理二斑叶螨种群培养抗性品系(SP R),用室内生测法对二斑叶螨S和SP R品系进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗性发展初期较慢,中期稳定,后期较快,选育至26代抗性指数(RI)达58.83。SP R对甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯有一定的交互抗性,RI分别为11.54和10.03;对苯丁锡、四螨嗪、苦皮藤生物碱、阿维菌素、氯氟氰菊酯、哒螨&#8226;四螨嗪、哒&#8226;水胺硫磷、三唑锡、三氯杀螨醇、哒螨灵、氧化乐果无交互抗性(1＜RI<5.00);对浏阳霉素、毒死蜱、噻螨酮、柴油、哒螨灵、唑螨酯可能存在负交互抗性(RI<1)。     

花生二斑叶螨的发生与防治

二斑叶螨又称白蜘蛛,主要危害苹果、梨及豆科植物。l999年之前在河南省信阳市花生上只是零星地块发生,2001年7～8月间田间调查,该螨已经在该市花生产区15个乡、镇普遍发生,受害严重。危害盛期螨蔸率达90％～100％,单叶有螨15～28头,对花生产量影响很大。     

二斑叶螨的检疫重要性

二斑叶螨的检疫重要性程立生（华南热带作物学院植保系）１二斑叶螨（ＴｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓｕｒｔｉｃａｅＫｏｃｈ）是一种世界性的大害螨，但在我国仅局部分布于台湾岛、北京市和天水市郊。据报道，二斑叶螨在国外主要分布于美国北部、英国、土耳其、地中海沿岸、南非...     

苹果园二斑叶螨的经济为害水平

二斑叶螨是为害苹果的重要害螨。为经济有效地控制其为害,通过田间调查二斑叶螨种群动态,利用螨日（MD）和苹果的产量损失率建模,研究了苹果树上二斑叶螨的经济为害水平（EIL）。结果显示,苹果的产量损失率与二斑叶螨的螨日具有显著相关性,并据此建立了螨日与产量损失率的回归方程：Q=0．0157＋0．00016MD,R2=0．9567。在经济允许损失率为4．57％时,若以虫口密度作为经济允许为害水平的评价方法,则7月3日之前的EIL≤7．70头／叶,7月25日之前的EIL≤8．70头／叶;当以累计螨日评价时,7月3日之前累计螨日≤29．93,7月25日之前累计螨日≤122．95,在整个生长季的累计螨日需低于188．70。     

利用长毛钝绥螨控制冬瓜上二斑叶螨研究

冬瓜是南方主要蔬菜品种之一，遭受二斑叶螨Ｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｎｕｓ ｕｒｔｉｃａｅ（Ｋｏｃｈ）严重危害。作者在冬瓜生长五叶期每株释放长毛钝绥螨Ａｍｂｌｙｓｅｉｕｓ ｌｏｎｇｉｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｓ３０只，１周后二斑叶螨下降９１．５％。并能控制叶螨的增殖直至收获期。室内对长毛钝绥螨与二斑叶螨间的相互关系进行探讨。     

二斑叶螨与朱砂叶螨种间竞争的研究

１９９７年４～６月对二斑叶螨与朱砂叶螨的种间竞争进行了研究。结果表明,无论单种种群还是混合种群,二斑叶螨的活动虫态和雌成虫的ｒｍ均高于朱砂叶螨。二斑叶螨具有更强的种间竞争能力,在该螨发生地极有可能取代朱砂叶螨而成为农田中的优势种。     

二斑叶螨在葡萄上的发生危害与防治

二斑叶螨（Ｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓｕｒｔｉｃａｅ Ｋｏｃｈ）别名棉红蜘蛛,可危害苹果、葡萄、棉花等多种植物。笔者自１９９８年以来,对二斑叶螨在葡萄上的发生规律、危害特点进行了调查研究,并初步试验总结出了一套较为有效的综合防治方法。 一、形态特征 成螨：体色多变     

二斑叶螨混合抗性种群相对适合度的研究

研究了二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素、螺螨酯混合品系(R)和敏感品系(S)的生长发育与生殖情况,比较种群的生物适合度。结果表明:与敏感品系(S)相比,抗性品系各螨态发育历期和产卵量均存在不同程度的下降,抗性品系的净生殖率(R0=12.765 9)远低于敏感品系(R0=42.420 3),相对适合度为敏感品系的0.300 9倍,存在适合度缺陷;其他生命表参数无种群差异。     

二斑叶螨在山西的发生与防治

二斑叶螨近年在山西严重危害苹果、梨、花卉等多种作物。该螨以雌成螨在树皮裂缝、杂草根际、枯枝落叶下吐丝结网越冬,6 月中旬～7 月中旬为猖獗危害期,世代重叠。花前花后是药剂防治该虫最佳时期,应采用综合防治措施,尽量减少药剂防治次数。     

METI-acaricide resistance in Tetranychus urticae does not confer resistance to the naphthoquinones

The naphthoquinones and the METI group of compounds act on sites associated with mitochondrial respiration, but METI-resistant strains of two-spotted spider mite from Japan and the UK exhibited no cross-resistance to the naphthoquinones. The potential for developing commercial naphthoquinones therefore remains high.     

Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms

A field colony of the Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to fenpyroximate was further selected with fenpyroximate 5SC for 20 generations at a selection pressure of 30-50% mortality (designated as FR-20 strain). Resistance and cross-resistance levels of the FR-20 strain to 18 acaricides were determined using a spray method. The FR-20 strain was extremely resistant to fenpyroximate [resistance ratio (RR) 252]. The strain exhibited extremely strong positive cross-resistance to acrinathrin (RR 196), and high levels of resistance to benzoximate (RR 55) and propargite (RR 64). Moderate levels of cross-resistance (RR 11-40) to abamectin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, pyridaben + bifenthrin and tebufenpyrad were observed. The FR-20 strain showed low levels of resistance (RR < 10) to azocyclotin, bromopropylate, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr + pyridaben, dicofol, fenazaquin and milbemectin. Synergist experiments with different metabolic inhibitors revealed that piperonyl butoxide had the greatest effect on the efficacy of fenpyroximate, followed by iprobenfos and triphenyl phosphate. In a comparative assay with detoxifying enzymes, the FR-20 strain showed 2.5-fold higher activity in p-nitroanisole-O-demethylation, and 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher activities in alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis, respectively. These results suggested that enhanced activities of both mixed-function oxidases and esterases likely contribute to the fenpyroximate resistance of the FR-20 strain of T urticae.     

Esterase-mediated bifenthrin resistance in a multiresistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

A field-collected multiresistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch exhibiting high resistance to bifenthrin was investigated in comparison with a susceptible laboratory strain. The esterase inhibitor S,S,S-tributyl-phosphorotrithioate (DEF) was able strongly to synergise bifenthrin toxicity in the resistant strain. Optimal conditions for determining esterase activities in T. urticae were determined, and a higher esterase activity towards several artificial substrates was found in this resistant strain, which had a preference for hydrolysing 4-nitrophenyl butyrate. Bifenthrin was able to bind the active centres of T. urticae esterases in vitro, as was determined after competition experiments by a Dixon plot, revealing a higher affinity of bifenthrin in the resistant strain. Bifenthrin-hydrolysing activity in the resistant and susceptible strains was examined in vitro and quantified with gas chromatography. A 7.2-fold higher metabolising rate was found in the resistant strain.     

二斑叶螨对阿维菌素抗性和敏感品系相对适合度的研究

在室内25℃条件下通过构建实验种群生命表,比较二斑叶螨对阿维菌素抗性品系(R)和敏感品系(S)的一系列生长发育和繁殖特征参数。结果表明:二斑叶螨抗性品系(R)的发育历期、孵化率、幼螨存活率、有效产卵量等诸多指标与敏感品系(S)相比均存在一定的不利性。抗性品系的相对适合度仅为敏感品系的0.53倍,存在适合度缺陷。     

甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯对二斑叶螨实验种群的亚致死效应

在室内研究了甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯亚致死剂量对二斑叶螨实验种群成螨和卵的影响。结果表明,甲氰菊酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,二斑叶螨的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均显著低于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后二斑叶螨的卵期、若螨期、成螨期及寿命均显著缩短,处理卵后各发育历期均低于对照,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9增至0.193 4～0.205 9,对种群有刺激增殖作用。螺螨酯亚致死剂量LC10处理成螨后,卵期、若螨期显著延期长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照;亚致死剂量LC20处理成螨后卵期、幼螨期显著延长,处理卵后卵期、若螨期、产卵前期均长于对照,螺螨酯两亚致死剂量处理成螨和卵后成螨期和寿命均缩短,处理后F1代种群的内禀增长率rm由0.191 9降低至0.149 9～0.150 8,对种群有抑制作用。