杜仲嫩枝扦插生根解剖特征研究

杜仲嫩枝扦插育苗中插穗不定根的发生属于诱生根原基型。不定根从形成层外层细胞、韧皮部薄壁细胞开始发生，属于皮层生根型。插穗基部产生的愈伤组织主要起保护、吸收等作用，与不定根的产生无直接关系。     

华北五角枫嫩枝扦插生根形态解剖学分析

从形态学和解剖学的角度观察华北五角枫插穗不定根的发育过程,结果表明：插穗茎内无根原基,后期在愈伤组织内发现根原基。愈伤组织起源于形成层薄壁细胞团,15d后不定根原基发育成不定根并伸出周皮之外。不定根根原基属于诱生根原基。     

南京椴嫩枝扦插生根过程中植物激素的变化

以南京椴嫩枝插穗为研究对象,采用1 000 mg·kg-1 IBA粉剂处理插穗基部,对扦插生根过程中插穗皮部生长素IAA、玉米素核苷ZR、赤霉素GA3、脱落酸ABA含量以及IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值进行动态测定,探究嫩枝扦插生根过程中植物激素变化特点及其对生根的影响。结果表明:1)IBA处理可以显著促进南京椴嫩枝插穗生根,生根率接近67%;其生根过程可划分为愈伤组织形成期、根原基诱导期、不定根形成期和不定根生长期,各自对应时间约为10 d。2)IBA处理可以提高嫩枝插穗中IAA含量,IAA对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有较为直接的影响作用,其含量升高有利于生根;GA3含量增加有利于根原基形成,而低水平GA3则更有利于不定根的生长;ABA和ZR含量升高不利于插穗生根,对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有抑制作用;IAA、ABA在插穗根原基诱导和不定根形成过程中具有相互协调作用,IAA/ABA可作为衡量南京椴嫩枝扦插生根能力的指标。3)外源IBA处理可以促进插穗内IAA含量升高,调节ABA、ZR、GA3含量降低,促使IAA/ABA在诱导生根期快速增大,通过相关激素的调控,使插穗向有利于促进生根的生理状态转变。     

杨树超短轮伐期经营的生产力及材性的研究

以美洲黑杨２个无性系为供试材料，研究杨树超短轮伐期经营中地上部分生物量生产、分配模式、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的输出量及材性。结果表明，在３种密度和３种轮伐期的组合中，２个无性系均以造林密度为１００００株·ｈａ－１、轮伐期为３年的林分生物生产力最高，Ｉ－６９杨为１０．５２ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨约为１２．００ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１；在生物量的分配比率和作为造纸材的经济生物量上也以这种组合模式最为合理，经济生物量最大，Ｉ－６９杨为７．１４ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨为８·４７ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１。养分输出量的多少与林分的生物量生产和分配比率密切相关。轮伐期为３年，密度为１００００株·ｈａ－１的林分Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的输出量最高，Ｉ－６９杨为３３．９７ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨为３８．５０ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，但ＮＬ－８０３５１杨每生产１吨经济生物量所输出的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ总量略低于Ｉ－６９杨。杨树超短轮伐期经营中生产出的木材都可用作中、低档的造纸原料，其中Ｉ－６９杨的制浆性能优于ＮＬ－８０３５１杨。     

红缨海棠嫩枝扦插生根解剖学观察

为探索插穗根原基诱导发生部位及不定根发育过程,以红缨海棠嫩枝插穗为研究对象,定期取样插穗基部制作石蜡切片,开展解剖学观察。结果表明:红缨海棠嫩枝扦插后,可由愈伤组织和皮部诱导产生不定根;解剖学观察扦插穗条内不存在潜伏根原基,插穗生根为诱导生根型;经NAA处理后的嫩枝插穗,根原基诱导产生于插穗基部愈伤组织以及穗条内的髓射线与皮层交界处、维管形成层处、髓射线与环髓带交界处等4个部位,根原基诱导及不定根形成时间不超过20 d。     

微型月季扦插生根能力初步研究

研究了27个微型月季品种及3个优良杂种的插穗生根能力。结果表明:微型月季品种之间插穗生根能力存在差异,姬、粉姬、小丁香、白柯斯特等品种的插穗生根能力较强,杂种与亲本之间的插穗生根能力也存在差异,激素IBA对微型月季插穗不定根分化的影响大于对不定根生长的影响,插穗的最长根长与不定根数量及平均根长之间存在极显著的相关性。     

无患子硬枝扦插进程插穗内源激素和多酚类物质含量变化

为了解无患子硬枝扦插生根机制,以1年生无患子硬枝作为扦插材料,在扦插第0—80天调查愈伤组织发育和根系形成情况,测定插穗的腋芽(嫩叶)以及基部2cm长度的韧皮部内源激素和多酚类物质的含量。结果表明,无患子硬枝扦插第10天开始出现愈伤组织,第50天愈伤率达到最高值83.33%;第40天开始出现生根插穗,生根率为6.67%,随后不定根数量迅速增加,第70天生根率达到86.67%,此时平均有5.33条。之后生根数量不变,根系仍然在生长,且扦插后根系效果指数持续增高。插穗韧皮部内源激素含量变化较复杂。整体来看,高含量赤霉素(GA3)抑制愈伤组织和不定根形成,且在根原基发生期和不定根形成关键期达到峰值,在不定根速生期持续下降;高含量生长素(IAA)促进不定根的形成,且在扦插后第20天,即根原基发生期,达到峰值(92.7μg/g);玉米素核苷(ZR)对无患子硬枝扦插过程的生理作用较复杂,低含量的ZR有利于根原基的发生和不定根速生,但高含量的ZR促进不定根形成。韧皮部ZR/IAA在扦插后第20—40天呈下降趋势,第40—60天快速上升,促进不定根生长;GA3/IAA整体呈现抛物线形下降趋势,特别是在根原基发生期和不定根速生期,下降速率更快,以促进不定根的生长。无患子硬枝插穗生根进程中,多数多酚类物质对愈伤组织形成、根原基发生及不定根形成有极显著抑制作用,没食子酸抑制效果稍弱;插穗内多种激素和多酚类物质的含量均发生了变化,且对插穗生根产生重大影响。总之,插穗根原基发生和不定根形成等关键时期,IAA含量升高,GA3、ZR以及多酚类物质含量降低,植物体内多种内源物质此消彼长,达到动态平衡,共同促进插穗生根。     

淹水胁迫对杨树无性系苗期生长及生理的影响

本实验是利用花坛扦插的方法，对３个无性系：ＮＬ－８０１０５杨，１－６９杨，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨的苗期进行人工淹水处理，处理包括：Ａ－对照，Ｂ－渍， Ｃ－涝。在对３种无性系进行各淹水处理的条件，通过定期的观测和采样，测定３个性无系在不同处理条件下，其生长，生理指标的变化情况。     

淹水胁迫对杨树无性系苗期生长及生理的影响

本实验是利用花坛扦插的方法，对３个无性系：ＮＬ－８０１０５杨，Ｉ－６９杨，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨的苗期进行人工淹水处理，处理包括：Ａ—对照，Ｂ—渍，Ｃ—涝。在对３种无性系进行各淹水处理的条件下，通过定期的观测和采样，测定３个无性系在不同处理条件下，其生长、生理指标的变化情况。     

秤锤树插穗生根的解剖学观察

从解剖学角度研究了秤锤树插穗生根的机制.结果表明:插穗扦插前在木质部、韧皮部、形成层以及皮层等部位都不存在潜伏根原基,根据生根类型的划分,秤锤树不定根应属于诱生根原始体.不定根根原基可由形成层细胞、愈伤组织细胞分化而来,逐渐突破皮层,伸向外部.     

黄心夜合秋季嫩枝扦插效应分析

试验表明，黄心夜合无性繁殖其穗条扦插生根率有显著差异，参试无性系生根率为32％-93％；穗条带1-2叶可显著提高穗条生根率；穗条带多片叶或不带叶其生根率显著降低；GGR生根剂不同浓度处理后的穗条其生根率有显著差异；多菌灵不同浓度处理后的穗条其生根率没有显著差异。     

楸树嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究

通过不同无性系、不同家系、不同类型插穗,进行楸树嫩枝扦插繁殖试验,考察影响楸树生根的主要因子。结果表明:不同无性系、不同家系、不同类型插穗间扦插生根率存在较大的差异,且无性系扦插成活明显高于家系。扦插生根后,无性系80%为偏根,家系21%为偏根。     

A comparison of pre-planting treatments on hardwood cuttings of four hybrid poplar clones

Rooting and early growth of four hybrid poplar clones (Populus spp.) planted in a greenhouse were examined after applying 40 pre-rooting treatment combinations to dormant cuttings. Treatments included 2 cutting lengths (5 and 10 cm), 5 soaking times (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 days), and 4 dips (chitosan, rooting hormone powder, liquid rooting hormone added to the soaking water, and none). Significant differences in both rooting percentages and growth were shown between clones after 7 weeks of growth. Ten cm cuttings had 29% greater rooting success, 28% more above-ground growth, and 12% lower root/shoot ratios than 5 cm cuttings. Cuttings planted without soaking had the lowest rooting success, at less than 45% on average. Commercial rooting hormones decreased the number of rooted cuttings but increased root/shoot ratios. For optimal rooting, we recommend using 10 cm cuttings, soaked for 2 days in water (4 days for the Jackii10 clone) without any additional dipping/hormone substance.     

Parameters affecting shoot production and rooting of cuttings from lodgepole pine hedges

By propagating lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) cuttings in vivo, we obtained after 7 growing cycles (ca 3.5 years) in a greenhouse, sufficient number of cuttings from most families to establish clonal progeny tests. Twenty-one full-sib families with approximately 20 clones per family were studied for five years. Years when cuttings were set, families within latitude and clones within families differed significantly in rooting percentages, with the variance components 4.2%, 8.2% and 9.5%, respectively. One way to get a frequent and uniform rooting is to take cuttings from non-leading shoots since they have higher rooting percentage than leading shoots. Neither total length of the cuttings nor length of the primary needles were significantly correlated to rooting percentage. With appropriate management of the ortets and the cuttings during rooting, most clones could be included in a cutting propagation program.     

川黔紫薇嫩枝扦插繁殖效应研究

以川黔紫薇嫩枝为试验材料,采用15个川黔紫薇无性系扦插繁殖试验筛选出的扦插生根率高的无性系5个,即湘紫L01、湘紫L02、湘紫L06、湘紫L07、湘紫L11进行川黔紫薇嫩枝扦插繁殖效应研究。结果表明:参试无性系穗条扦插生根率变幅为42.2%~89.8%;带2~4个半片叶的穗条可显著提高穗条的生根率;多菌灵不同浓度处理对穗条生根率有显著影响;GGR生根剂不同浓度处理对穗条生根率没有显著影响;不同扦插基质对穗条扦插生根率有显著影响,考虑成本因素,纯黄心土是最经济有效的扦插基质。     

竹柏扦插育苗技术研究

为给竹柏优良品系的扩繁提供技术支持,对不同措施处理下竹柏插穗的生根情况进行了试验。结果表明,不同季节扦插对竹柏插穗生根性状具有显著影响,春季是进行竹柏扦插的最佳季节,在春季进行扦插,竹柏的扦插生根率可达91.33%,平均生根条数为3.85条,平均最大根长为6.52cm;竹柏插穗选取的部位对竹柏生根性状有着极显著的影响,来自母树基部的插穗生根效果最好、中部次之,上部最差;不同留叶方式可极显著地影响竹柏扦插的生根率、生根数及最大根长,进行竹柏扦插,插穗应以保留2片全叶为最佳。     

The use of isozyme genetic markers to estimate the rate of outcrossing in a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seed orchard in Scotland

Effects of genotype, collection date, auxin treatment, crown position and artificial chilling on rooting and subsequent vegetative growth of Cupressus sempervirens L. softwood cuttings taken from 13-year-old plants were evaluated. Three different clones (318, 296 and 22) previously selected for resistance to cypress cortical cancer caused by Seiridium cardinale were used. In all these clones, both the IBA treated and the untreated cuttings showed seasonal periodicity of rooting. Untreated cuttings rooted best when collected in April (up to 49% for the best clone, i.e. 296) and rooted very poorly in July and October. Auxin treatments appeared unable to overcome this periodicity, as the cuttings taken in July and October did not respond to IBA stimulation. However, in January and April, IBA treatments enhanced adventitious root formation of poorly rooting clones (318 and 22), as well as of clone 296, which performed best (89%) when cuttings were treated in April with 1.5% IBA. Cuttings of each clone collected in the lower third of the crown of the donor trees showed a significantly higher rooting percentage, when compared with those from the upper third. A 4-week post-severance chilling treatment (4°C) significantly enhanced the rooting capacity of cuttings taken in January, while a longer chilling treatment (8 weeks) had a negative effect. The subsequent growth of the rooted cuttings was not affected by either the crown position of the severed cuttings, or the genotype.     

粗榧扦插育苗试验研究

通过对影响粗榧扦插生根的插穗类型、激素种类、浓度和处理时间等因素进行全面对比试验,结果表明:采用半木质化的枝条作为插穗,有利于提高扦插成活率;ABT1号和IBA200 mg/L处理插穗30 min,有利于插穗愈伤组织的形成和生根,生根率将达到75%以上。     

Clonal propagation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> Roxb. and associated metabolic changes during adventitious root primordium development

A study was conducted on the twelve clones of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). These clones were obtained from India and Nepal. Single-node leafy cuttings were prepared from the vegetative multiplication garden to examine the clonal variation, effect of IBA treatment on rooting response and associated metabolic changes during adventitious root formation. A remarkable and significant variation was observed due to treatment of 2,000 ppm IBA in the rooting parameters. Clonal variations were also significant for root and shoot growth while length of root was insignificant. Among the twelve clones studied; C3 (Tulsipur, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India) and C4 (Laxmipur, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India) clone cuttings have given the highest rooting response. Interaction (clone × IBA) was significant only for production of number of roots per cutting. Periodic sampling for clone C3 was performed at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days to examine the contents of total soluble sugars, starch, protein and peroxidase (PER) activity in the rooting zone of cuttings (∼0.5 cm) during adventitious root primordium development. A significant increase in all the metabolic activities was noted due to IBA. Total soluble sugars and starch contents of cuttings decreased with the passage of time. Protein content and PER-activity started to increase in the early stage and reached the highest level on day 21, followed by a decline at the 35th day of sampling. These trends were common for both IBA treated and untreated cuttings. Protein content and PER-activity remained higher in the rooting zone of IBA treated cuttings. Overall these findings suggested that exogenous application of IBA may have activated carbohydrate metabolism for release of energy, while protein and PER-activity were necessary for cell division and differentiation during adventitious root primordium initiation and development in the rooting zone of cuttings.     

罗田垂枝杉不同材料扦插试验研究

为探索罗田垂枝杉的无性繁殖,以大树侧枝和基部萌条及采穗圃穗条为试验材料进行扦插,分析不同材料、不同系号及不同激素处理生根差异。结果表明:20 a以上的大树Ⅱ级侧枝的扦插生根率较低,为48.11%,而Ⅰ级侧枝的扦插生根率可达65%以上;萌条扦插生根率(88.86%)要远高于优树侧枝扦插生根率(48.01%),两者差异达到极显著水平(p0.01),黄化未木质化穗条扦插生根率仅为6.67%,远低于其他萌条86.94%~91.67%的生根水平,不同系号间萌条生根率从51.57%~98.77%不等;激素处理的采穗圃穗条生根率都在91.57%以上,粉剂1处理后生根数量最多,与其余三种处理差异达到显著水平。可见侧枝扦插要显著差于萌条扦插,而激素处理可以有效提高扦插生根率。