营养舔砖补饲绵羊效果试验

经效果测定，周岁母羊试验组比对照组增加体重2．36kg．8月龄羔羊试验组比对照组增加体重2．23kg，羔羊初生重试验组比对照组提高0．38kg．月龄重比对照组提高2．02kg．适龄母羊试验组比对照组体重少减重3．77kg．屠宰率按45％计．增加胴体1．7kg。经济效益显著。     

放牧绒山羊羔羊及育成羊长势变化分析

对北京西南山区绒山羊从出生到周岁龄的体重变化动态作了测定。结果表明，４月龄断奶对羔羊体重增长无不良影响，而秋末枯草期的到来根本上改变了放牧羔羊的长势，即体重由快速增长变为负增长。提出了根据羔羊正常发育营养需要和放牧条件下枯草期体重消耗特点，确定此间羔羊体重的适宜增长速度，进而研究建立在其上的舍饲半舍饲方案的设想。     

补喂蚯蚓液对哺乳期羔羊不同时期体重增长的研究

采用不同剂量的蚯蚓液补喂萨寒杂一代羔羊,在相同的饲养管理条件下进行饲喂试验,观察补喂不同剂量的蚯蚓液对哺乳期羔羊不同阶段体重增长的影响.试验分三组,即对照组、试验1组、试验2组进行比较试验,试验结果表明对照组羔羊试验初平均体重为9.46 kg,试验末羔羊平均体重为17.00 kg,试验期增重了7.54 kg;试验1组羔羊试验初平均体重为9.47 kg,试验末羔羊平均体重为16.64 kg,试验期增重了7.17 kg;试验2组羔羊试验初平均体重为10.32 kg,试验末羔羊平均体重为18.50 kg,增重了8.18 kg.经显著性检验结果表明补喂不同剂量的蚯蚓液对哺乳期羔羊不同时期体重的增重差异极显著(P＜0.01).     

鄂尔多斯细毛羊冬春季节放牧与舍饲饲养的对比试验

试验就鄂尔多斯细毛羊冬春季节在不同的饲养管理条件下,其体重变化情况进行比较研究.对照组不同龄细毛羊采取自然放牧,降雪天气适当补饲秸秆的办法饲养;试验组在枯草期进行舍饲,用配合饲料、苜蓿干草、青贮玉米、秸秆进行饲喂.试验结果表明,对照组羊10月底体重增到最高,然后逐渐下降至翌年4月初,到最低体重.其中羔羊、育成羊、成年羊分别减重6.1、9.9和11.0 kg,分别占最高体重的20.5%、25.1%和21.2%.然后逐渐增重至6月初,才能恢复到原来的最高体重.而试验组羊从10月底开始一直增重,期间1月份、2月份有所下降,到6月初与对照组相应的时间,羔羊、育成羊、成年羊分别增重10、10.6和8.5 kg.扣除饲养管理成本,试验组每只羔羊、育成羊和成年羊分别比对照组多获利22.5、19.7和5.3元.羔羊和育成羊在冬春季节采取舍饲办法,效益明显.     

不同饲养管理方式对细毛羊越冬渡春的影响

对细毛羊冬春季节在不同的饲养管理条件下其体重变化及产毛情况进行比较研究.对照组不同龄细毛羊采取自然放牧、降雪天气适当补饲秸秆的办法饲养;试验组在枯草期进行舍饲,用配合饲料、苜蓿干草、青贮玉米、秸秆进行饲喂.试验结果表明,对照组羊10月底体重增到最高,然后逐渐下降至翌年4月初,到最低体重.其中羔羊、育成羊、成年羊分别减重6.1、9.9和11.0 kg,分别占最高体重的20.5%、25.1%和21.2%.然后逐渐增重,至6月初,才能恢复到原来的最高体重.而试验组羊从10月底开始一直增重,期间1月份、2月份有所下降,到6月初与对照组相应的时间,羔羊、育成羊、成年羊分别增重10、10.6和8.5 kg.扣除饲养管理成本,试验组每只羔羊、育成羊和成年羊分别比对照组多获利22.5、19.7和5.3元.说明羔羊和育成羊在冬春季节采取舍饲办法,效益明显.     

甘南藏羔羊补饲兼放牧育肥试验

选择甘南藏羔羊51只进行补饲兼放牧育肥试验。结果表明:补饲兼放牧的试验1组、试验2组和只放牧不补饲的对照组体重分别为33.04,28.13和24.68 kg,分别增重21.07,17.28和14.41 kg,试验1组增重比对照组高6.66 kg(P<0.01),试验2组增重比对照组高2.87 kg(P>0.05)。因此,经补饲兼放牧育肥,在牧区11月枯草期到来前,羔羊体重可达到生产羔羊肉的体重(30 kg以上),实现羔羊当年出栏。     

冷季补饲条件下甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育规律研究

本试验以甘南地区冷季补饲条件下欧拉型藏羊为对象,研究了甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育规律。通过对60只甘南欧拉羊早期体重、体尺跟踪测量数据的分析,发现甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育速度随年龄、季节的变化而变化。4月龄(断奶)前公母羔羊生长发育迅速,4月龄断奶时公羊的平均体重由初生时4.16kg增长到26.86kg,母羊由4.12kg增长到25.08kg。公羊的各项体重体尺数据均显著均高于母羊(P0.05)。从5月龄开始,羔羊生长发育开始变缓,9月龄时体重因牧草质量下降、营养供给不足出现负增长,而体高、体长均增长缓慢;羔羊生长到11月龄时项目区进入最冷季节,公羔在11、12月龄体重下降了4.01kg,母羔下降了3.89kg。因此,甘南欧拉型藏羊早期生长发育快,应大力推广羔羊育肥出栏技术,在留足后备生产羊的前提下,对当年羔羊在秋季进行放牧加补饲育肥,加快出栏。     

哺乳期母羊补饲捆裹青贮燕麦草对羔羊断奶重的影响

用捆裹青贮燕麦草给哺乳期母羊补饲,前40d母羊0．6kg／d只,后50dlkg／d只。90d断奶时,试验组比对照组羔羊多增重0．73kg(P＞0．05),比率为10．22％;试验组母羊断奶体重比对照组少减重1．33kg(P＞0．05),比率为23．84％。     

微贮燕麦草饲喂羔羊试验报告

探究微贮燕麦草饲喂羊的效果和经济效益。对门源县畜牧养殖户2015年1月到2016年1月间的80只羔羊进行喂养,首先按照随机序号法将羔羊分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用常规燕麦草喂养,观察组采用微贮燕麦草喂养,观察两组效果并进行比较。两组羔羊在试验初期体重无明显差异,经过3个月的喂养,观察组羔羊体重增至30.42±2.34kg,对照组羔羊体重增至27.34±2.12kg;观察组羔羊体重明显高于对照组羔羊,两组比较存在明显差异,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。微贮燕麦草喂养羔羊,能够有效改善羔羊体重增长情况,同时制作简单,增加养殖户收入,因此值得推广使用。     

中西结合驱虫助长药剂试验研究：绵羊保膘越冬试验

应用１０味中草药混于饲料中，配合丙硫咪唑每４５天驱虫１次，对湟源县纳隆口２５只绵羊（怀孕母羊１４只，羔羊１１只），分为试验组和对照组进行了１４０天的保膘越冬小试，同时对新产羔羊也进行了秤重对比。结果表明，试验组怀孕母羊减重１２ｋｇ，羔羊减重２．１５ｋｇ；对照组怀孕母羊减重１３．６ｋｇ，羔羊减重４．４ｋｇ；试验组怀孕母羊所产羔羊３０天时平均体重１１．５２５ｋｇ，对照组９．８１５ｋｇ。于驱虫后４５天粪检虫卵，试验组均为阴性，而对照组均为阳性，试验结果表明用中草药配合丙硫咪唑，对怀孕母羊的保膘越冬及新产羔的生长发育有较好效果。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.