Cry9Aa3蛋白对小菜蛾和亚洲玉米螟的最小活性区研究

为了确定Cry9Aa3蛋白对亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)和小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的最小活性区,根据NCBI BLAST比对结果与SWISS-MODEL同源建模结果,设计了12对截短引物,以cry9Aa3全长序列为模板,扩增出了12种不同截短片段,与pEB载体重组后的阳性克隆,转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)菌株Rosetta(DE3)诱导表达,提取蛋白。对小菜蛾和亚洲玉米螟的生物学活性测定,发现截短蛋白Cry9Aa3-45~700、Cry9Aa3-1~654,对小菜蛾和亚洲玉米螟有较高的活性,其中截短蛋白Cry9Aa3-45~700对小菜蛾和亚洲玉米螟的LC50分别为5.27、7.56μg/g,截短蛋白Cry9Aa3-1~654对小菜蛾和亚洲玉米螟的LC50分别为7.76、7.79μg/g,与阳性对照无显著差异,而截短蛋白Cry9Aa3-1~653和Cry9Aa3-46~700(LC50200μg/g)对幼虫几乎丧失生物学活性。这说明Cry9Aa3蛋白对小菜蛾和亚洲玉米螟的杀虫活性区相同,最小活性区位于45I和654P之间。     

Cry1Ac抗性亚洲玉米螟对四种Bt蛋白的交互抗性

种Bt蛋白Cry1Ac、Cry1Ab、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ie对敏感品系ACB-BtS和抗性品系ACB-AcR的毒力,结果显示,ACB-AcR对Cry1Ah的相对抗性倍数达14.9倍,有显著的交互抗性;对Cry1Ab的相对抗性倍数为4.3倍,交互抗性水平较低;对Cry1Ie的相对抗性倍数为0.9,即无交互抗性.4种蛋白对抗、感品系的EC50表明,ACB-AcR品系对Cry1Ac蛋白产生了显著的抗性,相对抗性达到32.6倍,对Cry1Ah和Cry1Ab有低水平的交互抗性,而对Cry1Ie没有交互抗性.     

Cry1Ba3蛋白对亚洲玉米螟杀虫活性测定及其与BBMVs的结合分析

提取并纯化Cry1Ba3蛋白截短片段,用饲喂人工饲料的方法对亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）初孵幼虫进行生物活性测定。结果显示,Cry1Ba3截短片段对亚洲玉米螟有良好的杀虫活性（LC50=5.29 μg/g,95%置信限为3.96～7.10 μg/g）。而纯化的Cry1Ac蛋白60 ku的活性片段对亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫的杀虫活性LC50为0.83 μg/g。提取亚洲玉米螟5龄幼虫的BBMVs,用纯化的Cry1Ba3和Cry1Ac蛋白进行竞争结合试验,结果显示Cry1Ba3与Cry1Ac在亚洲玉米螟中肠的结合没有竞争作用,说明两种毒素在亚洲玉米螟BBMVs上可能存在不同的受体。     

国产Bt-Cry1Ab和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾的抗性测定

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是世界性重大农业害虫。种植转基因Bt作物是主要的防治手段之一。我们利用室内生物测定方法评价了国产Bt-Cry1Ab玉米(转化体C0030.3.5)和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米(转化体DBN3601和DBN3608)对草地贪夜蛾1~4龄幼虫的毒力。结果显示,供试两种转基因玉米共6个品种皆可高效表达目标杀虫蛋白并对草地贪夜蛾具有很强的毒杀作用,对1龄幼虫的致死率达到59%~100%,存活幼虫的生长发育亦受到显著抑制。表明国内研发的Bt-Cry1Ab玉米和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的控制效果,其中Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米的防治效果显著优于Bt-Cry1Ab玉米,两种转基因玉米皆具有较好的商业化应用前景。     

Cry1Ac毒蛋白对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和种群增长的影响

以含不同浓度的Cry1Ac毒蛋白的人工饲料(不加毒蛋白为对照)饲喂亚洲玉米螟幼虫,采用实验种群生命表的方法,测定了Cry1Ac毒蛋白对亚洲玉米螟的控害作用。结果显示,含2 000.0ng/g Cry1Ac毒蛋白的人工饲料处理该虫第5天的幼虫存活率为0;200.0、20.0 ng/g CrylAc毒蛋白处理第10、15天的幼虫存活率、化蛹率、成蛾率、净增长率和种群增长指数均显著低于对照,且高浓度处理显著低于低浓度处理;200.0 ng/g CrylAc毒蛋白处理的世代平均周期和种群加倍时间显著长于其它处理;而200.0 ng/g CrylAc毒蛋白处理的周限增长率显著小于2.0、0.2 ng/g处理。表明微量的Cry1Ac毒蛋白对亚洲玉米螟的种群增长有显著影响,且随着浓度的增加控制作用增强。     

亚洲玉米螟对Cry1Ab蛋白抗性的遗传规律与分子机理

意义与目的亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnaca-lis(Guene)]是长期为害玉米、高粱、谷子、棉花等作物的重要害虫。转BtCry1Ab基因抗虫玉米、棉花等在整个生育期其植株能表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白,为玉米螟的防治开辟了新的途径。室内汰选条件下亚洲玉米螟能对Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白产生抗性,这将严重威胁到转基因玉米、棉花等的可持续利用。研究亚洲玉米螟对Cry1Ab蛋白抗性的遗传规律与分子机理,对田间抗性监测、延缓抗性产生及抗性治理具有重要的理论和实际意义。材料与方法采自陕西省田间的亚洲玉米螟自然种群,在室内用无琼脂半人工饲料中加入一定量的…     

亚洲玉米螟对Cry9Ee与Cry1Ab蛋白的交互抗性分析

Cry9Ee是近年来发现的对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)等害虫具有高毒力的蛋白,具有良好的应用前景。为了明确亚洲玉米螟对Cry9Ee和Cry1Ab蛋白是否存在交互抗性,本文首先分别表达、活化、纯化了Cry9Ee和Cry1Ab蛋白,进而对敏感和Cry1Ab抗性亚洲玉米螟进行生物活性测定;随后对2种蛋白在敏感亚洲玉米螟中肠刷状缘膜囊泡(brush border membrane vesicles,简称BBMVs)上的结合进行分析比较。生物活性测定结果表明,Cry9Ee和Cry1Ab蛋白的活性片段对敏感亚洲玉米螟的LC₅₀分别为3.04和0.89 μg/g;而Cry9Ee活性片段在5.00 μg/g的浓度下,对Cry1Ab蛋白抗性亚洲玉米螟致死率高达96%,与对敏感种群活性相当。竞争结合试验表明,Cry9Ee和Cry1Ab两种蛋白间不存在竞争结合,推测它们在亚洲玉米螟中肠上存在不同的受体。综合生物活性测定及体外结合试验两方面结果得出结论：亚洲玉米螟对Cry9Ee与Cry1Ab蛋白不存在交互抗性。cry9Ee基因可以作为理想的候选基因,用于我国新一代转基因抗虫玉米的研制,为延缓和克服亚洲玉米螟对转基因抗虫玉米抗性的产生提供重要保证。     

2015—2021年亚洲玉米螟对Cry1Ie杀虫蛋白的敏感性监测

为明确亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis田间种群对Cry1Ie杀虫蛋白的敏感性,于2015—2021年连续7年从黄淮海夏玉米区和北方春玉米区7省14地采集亚洲玉米螟田间种群,采用人工饲料混合法评价其对Cry1Ie杀虫蛋白的敏感性。结果表明,Cry1Ie杀虫蛋白对54个亚洲玉米螟田间种群的抑制中浓度LC₅₀介于0.65~6.28 μg/g之间,其中对2016年齐齐哈尔种群的LC₅₀最低,对2017年肇东种群的LC₅₀最高;LC₉₅介于4.99~70.29 μg/g之间,其中对2015年合肥种群的LC₉₅最低,对2017年松原种群的LC₅₀最高。在LC₅₀水平上,相较于室内对照种群,最敏感种群和最不敏感种群分别为2018年铁岭种群和2017年肇东种群,抗性倍数分别为0.26和1.17。虽然各地理种群对Cry1Ie杀虫蛋白的敏感性存在差异,但均处于敏感水平,且是自然选择的结果,表明Cry1Ie杀虫蛋白可用于亚洲玉米螟田间种群的防治。     

亚洲玉米螟和黏虫幼虫取食Cry1F蛋白后的中肠组织病理变化

为了明确Cry1F杀虫蛋白对亚洲玉米螟和黏虫两种重要玉米害虫的作用机制,本文通过透射电镜观察了亚洲玉米螟和黏虫4龄幼虫取食含Cry1F蛋白人工饲料后的中肠组织病理变化,并与其取食含Cry1Ab蛋白人工饲料后的组织病理变化进行了比较。亚洲玉米螟和黏虫4龄幼虫取食Cry1F蛋白48 h后中肠杯状细胞发生了明显的病变,主要表现为：细胞微绒毛肿胀、脱落;细胞核变形,质膜和核膜界限不清晰;染色质发生固缩、贴近核膜;线粒体拉伸变形数量减少,严重的发生空泡化;内质网肿胀与断裂、数量减少,与取食含Cry1Ab蛋白人工饲料相比,玉米螟和黏虫中肠组织发生的病变程度相似。本研究可为Cry1F作为转基因玉米重要的杀虫蛋白在未来亚洲玉米螟和黏虫防治中更好地发挥作用提供理论依据。     

亚洲玉米螟中肠类钙黏蛋白Cry1A毒素结合区对Cry1Ac毒素杀虫活性的影响

通过原核表达及亲和层析获得亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis中肠类钙黏蛋白Cry1A毒素结合区MPR及其在Cry1Ac抗性玉米螟中的突变体MPR-r2多肽片段。采用饲料混合法测定了MPR和MPR-r2及其分别与Cry1Ac毒素混合对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的杀虫效果。结果表明,MPR和MPR-r2多肽片段对亚洲玉米螟幼虫都有一定的杀虫作用;当MPR多肽片段与Cry1Ac毒素混合时,杀虫活性具有加性效应,而MPR-r2多肽片段与Cry1Ac毒素混合的杀虫效果则没有显著提高。     

Beetle-specific Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin reduces larval growth and curbs reproduction in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Application of Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Bt) and expression of the Bt protein Cry3Aa in genetically modified crops are used for targeted control of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). The Cry3A proteins are selectively toxic for the beetles but the present study describes effects of Cry3Aa on the Egyptian armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). Cry3Aa expressed in potatoes or added to an agar-base wheat-germ diet reduced the growth of S. littoralis caterpillars and the fertility of adults. The effect of 1.4 mg kg(-1) Cry3Aa in potato leaves was comparable with that of 3.3 mg kg(-1) in the diet. This difference in activity was correlated with better digestibility and higher conversion efficiency of the diet that also supported higher reproduction rate: S. littoralis grown on the potatoes reached a similar size to those on the diet but laid only 702 instead of 1077 eggs per female. Cry3Aa consumption reduced body growth as a consequence of lower food intake without significantly affecting food digestibility and the conversion efficiency of nutrients. The 11% and 5% body weight reductions caused by 1.4 mg kg(-1) Cry3Aa in potatoes and 3.3 mg kg(-1) in the diet, respectively, were associated with 74% and 65% reduction in the number of progeny; S littoralis grown on a diet with 9.1 mg kg(-1) Cry3Aa were 10% smaller and produced no viable progeny. These data suggest that the curtailment of reproduction was not caused by a general shortage of nutrient reserves but by a more direct Cry3Aa effect on the reproduction process.     

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa protoxin and protease inhibitors against coleopteran storage pests

BACKGROUND: Environmental impacts and resistance to insecticides pose serious challenges to stored‐product insect and other types of pest control. Insect‐resistant transgenic grain is a potential alternative to fumigants, but candidate control proteins are needed, especially for coleopterans. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a coleopteran‐active toxin, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa, with or without protease inhibitors, in laboratory feeding assays against coleopteran storage pests. RESULTS: In a comparison of the toxicity of Cry3Aa protoxin towards three species of coleopteran storage pests, Tenebrio molitor L. was found to be most sensitive, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) was most refractory and Rhyzopertha dominica F. displayed an intermediate response. For R. dominica, Cry3Aa combined with 3500 mg potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor or 5000 mg aprotinin kg^?1 diet resulted in both delayed development and increased mortality. Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor and bovine aprotinin reduced the LC₅₀ of Cry3Aa for R. dominica two‐ and threefold respectively. Cry3Aa treatment resulted in fewer progeny from R. dominica, and progeny was further reduced when the protoxin was combined with potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that a combination of Cry3Aa protoxin and protease inhibitors, particularly a potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor, may have applications in control strategies for preventing damage to stored products and grains by coleopteran pests. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

苏云金杆菌Bt-59菌株Cry/Cyt毒素蛋白鉴定及杀虫活性

苏云金杆菌以色列亚种（Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.israelensis,Bti）是防治蚊幼虫的重要病原细菌,不同菌株间毒素蛋白种类和分布不尽相同。本研究利用苏云金杆菌以色列亚种Bt-59菌株的全基因组数据,对潜在的毒素基因种类、分布及菌株杀虫活性进行了分析。结果表明,Bt-59菌株除了含有Bti标准菌株主要毒素基因外,还含有Cry4-like基因,且Cry10Aa和Cyt1Ca基因在质粒4上发生了易位。质粒5上的Cry60Aa和Cry60Ba基因编码的毒素蛋白含有ETX_MTX2结构域,并与苏云金杆菌jegathesan亚种的同源蛋白一致性为100%。Cyt1Ca蛋白除了含有Bac_thur_toxin结构域外,还含有2个串联的RicinB_lectin_2结构域。菌株Bt-59对蚊幼虫具有较高的杀虫活性,对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens的LC₅₀分别为1.239 μL/L和0.341 μL/L。研究结果明确了菌株Bt-59毒素蛋白的种类和特征,为菌株遗传改良提供理论基础。     

Bt营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3及其作用受体的研究进展

营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3是苏云金芽胞杆菌在对数生长中期开始分泌表达的一类对鳞翅目害虫具有广谱杀虫活性的蛋白质,它与已知的杀虫晶体蛋白相似性很低。本文主要从Vip3基因的挖掘,Vip3蛋白的特性、作用受体及其应用等方面作简要综述。     

Increased toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa against Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata,Phaedon brassicae and Colaphellus bowringi by a Tenebrio molitor cadherin fragment

BACKGROUND: Biopesticides containing Cry insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are effective against many lepidopteran pests, but there is a lack of Bt‐based pesticides for efficient control of important coleopteran pests. Based on the reported increase in Bt toxin oligomerization by a polypeptide from the Cry3Aa receptor cadherin in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), it was hypothesized that this cadherin peptide, rTmCad1p, would enhance Cry3Aa toxicity towards coleopteran larvae. To test this hypothesis, the relative toxicity of Cry3Aa, with or without rTmCad1p, against damaging chrysomelid vegetable pests of China was evaluated. RESULTS: Cry3Aa toxicity was evaluated in the spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata), cabbage leaf beetle (Colaphellus bowringi) and daikon leaf beetle (Phaedon brassicae). To assess the effect of rTmCad1p on Cry3Aa toxicity, neonate larvae were fed Cry3Aa toxin alone or in combination with increasing amounts of rTmCad1p. The data demonstrated that Cry3Aa toxicity was significantly increased in all three vegetable pests, resulting in as much as a 15.3‐fold increase in larval mortality. CONCLUSION: The application of rTmCad1p to enhance Cry3Aa insecticidal activity has potential for use in increasing range and activity levels against coleopteran pests displaying low susceptibility to Bt‐based biopesticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry