乳酸菌抗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的研究进展

综述了近年来对乳酸菌抗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的研究进展,内容包括乳酸菌抗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的机制及应用、乳酸菌抗原递送载体、乳酸菌疫苗等。     

乳酸菌添加剂在青贮饲料中的应用现状

乳酸菌是饲草青贮系统中最重要的微生物,其数量和质量决定着青贮的成功率。由于附着在青贮原料表面的乳酸菌数量甚少,乳酸菌添加剂的应用对优质青贮饲料的调制提供了必要的保障。本文阐述了乳酸菌添加剂在青贮饲料中的应用及其对青贮发酵的影响,同时对乳酸菌添加剂的发展前景进行了展望。     

乳酸菌对植物生长和青贮饲料蛋白降解的研究进展

梳理了近年来国内外关于乳酸菌对植物生长和青贮饲料蛋白降解的现状及发展趋势,重点概述的内容有以下3个方面：1）乳酸菌提取与筛选的方式和目的;2）乳酸菌对植物生长和疾病的调控;3）乳酸菌对青贮饲料蛋白降解和微生物群落的影响。总结了乳酸菌在筛选和利用时存在的问题和不足。同时,对乳酸菌的研究趋势和研究重点进行了展望,以期为农业和畜牧业的发展提供理论指导与参考。     

乳酸菌在养猪生产中的应用

乳酸菌作为动物肠道有益菌对调节肠道微生态平衡具有十分重要的作用,广泛用于养猪生产。本文阐释了乳酸菌的代谢产物及作用,剖析了乳酸菌的生理机能,从日粮配制、组合发酵和肠道功能调节等方面探析了乳酸菌在养猪生产中的应用,以期对促进乳酸菌在养猪生产中的开发利用起到积极的借鉴作用。     

不同添加剂对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

为研究乳酸菌以及乳酸菌分别与甲酸、双乙酸钠的组合对苜蓿青贮效果的影响,进行了乳酸菌及乳酸菌组合不同添加剂量处理的苜蓿青贮发酵试验。结果表明:添加乳酸菌对苜蓿青贮效果有很大的改善作用,且乳酸菌组合作用均优于其单独作用。通过灰色关联度分析可知:乳酸菌与甲酸组合的高添加水平效果最佳,中等添加水平次之,对照组的青贮效果最差。     

有益乳酸菌的研究趋势与动态

本文详细讨论了有益乳酸菌研究的趋势与动态，包括乳酸菌的临床应用，欧洲的乳酸菌研究项目，有对益乳酸菌的性质和标准及安全性均有较详细有论述，可为有益乳酸菌的开发利用提供借鉴和帮助。     

青贮饲料乳酸菌添加剂的应用现状

青贮饲料乳酸菌添加剂对改善青贮饲料品质具有显著作用。为了明确目前国内外对乳酸菌饲料添加剂的研究及应用情况,本文对近年来青贮饲料乳酸菌添加剂的发酵特性,筛选鉴定及应用等方面的研究做了系统的归纳和阐述。目前研究已明确了青贮饲料乳酸菌添加剂的发酵原理和青贮的过程,研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:1)乳酸菌添加剂本身、环境因素及饲料作物特性这3个方面对发酵产生的影响;2)青贮饲料乳酸菌添加剂的筛选和优良乳酸菌添加至青贮饲料的研究;3)乳酸菌菌株单独添加、与酶制剂或其他功能性微生物混合添加应用研究。综合以上研究,认为未来我国可以对不同生态环境中的乳酸菌资源进行发掘、筛选,并根据草牧业发展的实际需求以及我国现有的农艺,加强乳酸菌加工利用工艺的研发。     

乳酸菌作为基因工程菌的研究进展

随着基因工程技术的发展,乳酸菌作为基因工程宿主菌的应用越来越多。本文对乳酸菌作为宿主菌的生物学功能,乳酸菌种中主要用于宿主菌的菌种,以及其表达外源基因的情况进行了简要概括,并对基因工程乳酸菌的应用进行了阐述。     

乳酸菌对猪肠道屏障功能的调节作用及其机制

乳酸菌作为最重要和安全性最高的益生菌来源已被广泛关注,而乳酸菌调控人和动物肠道屏障功能已成为研究的热点,大量的体内外研究表明乳酸菌发挥益生作用的主要机制是通过调节肠道屏障功能实现的.相对于啮齿动物而言,乳酸菌在猪上的应用研究报道很多,对肠黏膜屏障功能的作用研究较少.这些研究尚未触及到乳酸菌作用机制的本质.猪肠道环境的复杂性,使得对乳酸菌调节肠道屏障功能机制的深入认识比较困难.近年来,基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学的发展,为从体内试验的角度解析乳酸菌的确切作用机制提供了新的认识和研究手段.本文综述了乳酸菌对猪肠道屏障功能的调节作用,以期能帮助对乳酸菌的深入认识和科学应用.     

不同乳酸菌对酸乳中霉菌污染的控制比较研究

以搅拌型酸乳为研究对象,比较A、B2种市售乳酸菌对酸乳中霉菌污染的控制效果及对酸乳营养成分、质构和感官品质的影响.结果表明:乳酸菌A、B对酸乳中污染的霉菌均具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中按厂家推荐量(乳酸菌A 2.0×106 CFU/mL,乳酸菌B 1.38×107 CFU/mL)添加时,乳酸菌B对霉菌的抑菌效果较好;但按2.0×106 CFU/mL的量添加乳酸菌A、B时,乳酸菌A对霉菌的抑制效果较好;乳酸菌B的添加对酸乳的风味会产生不良的影响,乳酸菌A的添加在保质期内对酸乳的感官品质基本无影响;添加了乳酸菌A、B的酸乳样品的营养成分和质构与对照组相比无太大变化.由此可见,部分乳酸菌的添加可以抑制酸乳中霉菌的滋生,而其抑菌效果与菌种种类和添加剂量有关.     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse

Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留量的不确定度评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。     

几个柑橘品种实生苗的抗旱性评价研究

以5个金柑属品种、枳壳、软枝酸橘及广西土柠檬实生苗为材料,进行复水成活率、旱害指数、叶片相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸等生理指标及隶属函数的综合分析,为柑橘抗性砧木品种选育提供参考。结果表明：胁迫20d复水后的成活率融安滑皮金柑和长寿金柑最高,为100%,软枝酸橘最低,为88.9%;随着干旱胁迫加剧,各品种的旱害指数呈上升趋势,长寿金柑的旱害指数最低,为0.25,软枝酸橘的旱害指数最高,为0.61;从叶片相对含水量的结果来看,长寿金柑的变化幅度最小,软枝酸橘的变化幅度最大,在第18d时分别为61.19%和37.85%;3种保护酶之间相互协同作用减轻植株受害程度,其活性变化幅度与丙二醛和脯氨酸的含量变化相似。利用隶属函数法综合分析,得出各品种的抗旱性强弱依次为长寿金柑>枳壳>融安滑皮金柑>融安金柑>山金柑>广西土柠檬>金枣>软枝酸橘。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

Extension of the scapulohumeral joint increases the likelihood of success of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

The accuracy of a technique for centesis of the bicipital bursa using a 9 cm, spinal needle inserted through the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle was evaluated. A veterinary radiologist who had no previous experience of performing centesis of the bicipital bursa and an equine clinician who had little experience in performing the procedure, attempted to inject a solution of aqueous radiopaque contrast medium into the bicipital bursae of 8 horses using an approach in which the bursa was accessed by directing a needle through the tendon of origin of the biceps brachii muscle until cartilage in the lateral portion of the intertubercular groove was contacted. Centesis of the bicipital bursa using this approach in horses having no signs of disease of the bursa was consistently successful if the cubital joint was flexed and the scapulohumoral joint extended.     

不作为侵权责任承担的法理分析

随着社会的发展,不作为侵权责任承担的研究成为必要,文中以不作为侵权责任承担的法理基价值础作为切入点,从义务-责任原理和社会价值方面探讨了不作为侵权责任承担的基本理论,分析了其承担责任的构成要件,进而提出了一些不成熟的建议,以期对我国的侵权行为法的研究有所裨益。