综合诊断及治疗在樱桃谷肉鸭鸭疫里氏杆菌病并发传染性法氏囊病中的应用

鸭疫里氏杆菌病是由鸭疫里氏杆菌引发的一种鸭急性或者慢性的败血性传染病。其在2~3周龄的小鸭中较易发生,是养鸭业最为严重的危害性传染病之一。传染性法氏囊病为高度接触性感染疾病,是由双RNA病毒科禽双RNA病毒属病毒引起的一种急性、高度接触性和免疫抑制性的禽类传染病。鸭疫里氏杆菌病并发传染性法氏囊病时,如不及时诊断以及治疗,极易导致鸭的死亡,给养殖户造成严重的损失。为探讨综合诊断以及治疗在樱桃谷肉鸭鸭疫里氏杆菌病并发传染性法氏囊病中的应用效果,现进行一下综述,旨在提高樱桃谷肉鸭鸭疫里氏杆菌病并发传染性法氏囊病的诊治率,减轻养殖户的损失。     

鸡法氏囊病微量固相放射免疫检测技术的研究

采用放射免疫分析原理对鸡法氏囊病检测进行了研究,并对整个技术操作流程进行了一些最佳条件的摸索,从而建立起鸡法氏囊病的微量固相放射免疫分析法。试验表明,该法不仅灵敏度高,特异性强,操作简便,适合于大规模样品的检测,对鸡法氏囊病的早期测报和采取相应的防治措施具有重要的实际意义。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒YL051、YL052的分离及其VP2基因高变区序列的比较分析

应用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜接种的方法,从一个疑患传染性法氏囊病的鸡群中分离到2株传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)(分别命名为YL 051和YL 052);利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应技术扩增分离株VP 2基因的高变区序列,并采用限制性内切酶分析技术和核苷酸序列测定技术,对分离株进行致病型鉴定及其基因差异的分析。结果表明:分离株YL 051属IBDV的超强毒株(vvIBDV),而YL 052株既具有强毒株的特征即七肽区(SW SA SG S)和279D,但同时也具有284T的弱毒株特征,可能属于介于强毒株与弱毒株之间的一个中间型。与国内外参考毒株的序列比较分析发现:YL 051与其他vvIBDV的核苷酸同源性达94%~97%;YL 052则与经典毒株STC、疫苗株B 87的核苷酸同源性均为94.3%。     

利用噬菌体随机肽库筛选传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2模拟表位

用纯化的4株传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2单克隆抗体(1B5,5D1,2H11和I4-4-3)筛选噬菌体随机12肽库,对40个克隆(10个单克隆噬菌斑×4株单克隆抗体)进行ELISA验证,获得32个阳性克隆,选20个阳性克隆(5个单克隆噬菌斑×4株单克隆抗体)进行DNA序列分析,确定了4个优势12肽为不同传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)抗原表位.这4个12肽在一级结构上没有3个以上连续氨基酸与GenBank中传染性法氏囊病病毒、VP2的氨基酸序列相同之处,与单抗的结合可被VP2蛋白有效地抑制,推测可能是构象依赖性表位.将4个模拟表位串联表达后获得目的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE分析,目的蛋白占菌体总蛋白的20%,分子量30 kD.用多克隆抗体对目的蛋白进行免疫印迹分析,结果表明目的蛋白具有特异性和反应原性.试验结果提示:筛选的是传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2单抗的模拟表位.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾致病株的分离和鉴定

从广西13个鸡场,有呼吸道症状及尿石症的病鸡中分离出 C、G、Z、Q4株病毒。病毒经电镜观察,其大小在94～108nm 之间,囊膜外有特征性疏松排列的刺突。敏感鸡接种16～36小时后出现呼吸道症状,剖检病鸡时大多数鸡肾肿大并有尿酸盐沉积。各毒株接种鸡胚都能产生体儒胚;被56℃1小时灭活;在鸡胚中均能干扰鸡新城疫病毒 LaSota 株的生长。C_(19)株可被鸡传染性支气管炎病毒标准阳性血清所中和。G_3不被 IUDR 所抑制,属 RNA 病毒;对乙醚敏感,证明属有囊膜病毒。从以上各项鉴定指标证明,所分离的4株病毒是引起鸡尿石症的传染性支气管炎病毒。据作者的经验,提出分离鸡传染性支气管炎病毒较为合理的模式。     

规模化猪鸡场粪便和污水无害处理研究的建议(附:鸡场粪便污染环境危害鸡群健康情况调查)

调查表明,北京郊区规模化养殖场,一栋2万只蛋鸡舍每天进入贮粪池稀粪达4920kg,一年后随鸡群淘汰,清粪时池内贮有1820t粪尿和污水。规模猪场排粪量比鸡场多3～5倍。目前,由于郊区养殖场粪污均不进行无害化处理,已严重污染了社会环境,并成为畜禽传染病源,带来病害影响生产。近几年,从规模鸡场死淘鸡的发病原因统计,鸡新城疫、鸡痘、禽出血性败血症以及马立克氏病和法氏囊病均逐渐得到控制,而受粪污影响的肠道性疾病引起的死亡却逐年上升,给生产造成巨大损失。“七五”期间,北京六个国营蛋鸡场死淘率达34.9％,其中沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌病占死淘鸡半数以上。病源就是来自粪便和污水。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒Ts,OH毒株,鱼传染性胰脏坏死病毒DRT …

用幼鸡成纤维细胞繁殖鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＴＢＤＶ）Ｔｓ毒株,病毒颗粒经提纯后提取基因组ｄｓＲＮＡ。根据已报道的加拿大ＯＨ株序列设计引物,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ进行ｃＤＮＡ扩增,获得９７６ｂｐ、７７４ｂｐ和９９７ｂｐ的三个部分重叠的片段,分别克隆于ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔｅａｓｙ载体,利用ＳＰ６,Ｔ７ 异引物及ＰＣＲ引物进行序列分析,并连接为一个寒带的大片段,结果表明,所克隆片段为２６６５ｂｐ的ＩＢＤＶＶＰ、基因的大     

鸡内脏型痛风病例报告

本文报导了四群从50至120日龄3180只中小鸡的内脏型痛风病,死亡率达40.3%,其发病原因不甚清楚,可能是在维生素 A 缺乏的情况下饲喂大量的蚕蛹粉有关。其临床症状主要特征是拉水样粪便,食欲饮欲均减少,精神不佳。主要大体病变是肾、输尿管、泄殖腔、法氏囊内有大量的尿酸盐沉积。较严重病例的肝、心、肺表面也有大量尿酸盐沉积。血清中尿酸含量比正常鸡有明显增加。在本文的问题讨论中着重讨论了本病与传染性法氏囊炎的鉴别诊断问题。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒毒力测定方法的改进及国内7个毒株毒力的测定

摘要: 准确衡量鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)毒力特征对研究IBDV毒力变异的分子基础、变异规律，以及影响IBDV毒力的相关分子生物学、病原生物学和细胞生物学机制有重要意义。但是，IBDV的毒力测定方法一直没有一个统一的标准。常规以SFP鸡和商品鸡的死亡率表示IBDV的毒力，但IBDV的定量方法和接种剂量并没有一个统一的标准。研究采用尿囊膜接种途径和灵敏度较高的双抗夹心ELISA方法，大幅度提高EID50定量的灵敏度，使EID50能够准确定量不同致病类型的毒株。SPF鸡和商品鸡的接种剂量根据Eterradossi的研究结果确定为2×103EID50。通过7株中国IBDV的毒力测定及相关分析，证明该方法灵敏度高，重复性好、通用性强, 有利于IBDV毒力测定方法的标准化和规范化。     

鸡传染性鼻炎自家油乳苗免疫的研究

本试验用从广西分离的二株引起鸡传染性鼻炎的副鸡嗜血杆菌 ( H aemophilus paragallinarum,H.pg) GX 97、GX 981株研制成自家油乳苗 ,进行后备鸡免疫试验 ,免疫后 3、 6、 9和 1 2个月进行免疫抗体检测和攻毒试验。结果表明 ,免疫后 6个月 90 %免疫鸡的抗体滴度在 1∶ 640以上 ,9个月抽样攻毒有 75%～ 80 %的鸡获得保护。大田免疫试验也获得了良好的效果。证明自家油乳苗免疫接种也是防制该病的一个有效途径。     

Aversion of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to garlic oil treated granules: garlic oil as an avian repellent. Garlic oil analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

European starlings significantly reduced their consumption of a food mixture that was 50% food-grade garlic oil (GO)-impregnated granules, even after overnight food deprivation, as demonstrated by "one-choice" ("no-choice") tests. Food consumption during 3 h following overnight food deprivation was reduced by 61-65% compared to controls. By testing the same subjects with 25, 10, and 1% mixtures of granules in feed, it was shown that commercial GO granules were repellent to birds in lower concentrations, with more than a 50% decrease in feeding for birds presented with a 10% mixture of commercial GO granules in food and a 17% decrease for the 1% treatment. Products containing GO show considerable promise as inexpensive, environmentally benign, nonlethal bird repellents. In comparing various GO preparations used in this work, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods prove to be particularly useful for rapid quantitation of major and minor components without requiring fractionation or isolation procedures, which could adversely effect the less stable components.     

What do artificial nests tells us about nest predation?

Artificial nests are commonly used to evaluate predation, but the assumption that this method mimics predation on natural nests has seldom been tested. Natural and artificial nests of eastern yellow robins (Eopsaltria australis) were monitored in four, 55-ha plots over two breeding seasons. Overall, daily survival rates were higher (P<0.001) for natural (95%/day) than for artificial nests (88%/day). Among plots, daily survival rates for the two types of nests were not correlated with one another (P=0.72) indicating that the spatial pattern of predation on artificial nests did not mimic that for natural nests. Seasonal variation was evident for natural nests in one year, when they were more successful at the beginning and end of the breeding season. No seasonal patterns were observed for artificial nests in either year. Neither natural nor artificial nests showed annual variation in predation. Previous researchers concluded that large birds were important predators on robin nests. In this study, predation by large birds on artificial nests was positively correlated with the numbers of large birds counted on the plots (P=0.04). However, large birds depredated only 16% of artificial nests. Daily survival rates for artificial nests were recalculated using predation by large birds only. These rates were compared with natural nests, but there was still no correspondence in the spatial and temporal patterns of predation for the two types of nests. These results suggest that inferences about predation on natural nests based on artificial nest studies should be avoided.     

Vegetable oil sprinkling as a dust reduction method in swine confinement

The aim of this project was evaluate the effectiveness of an oil sprinkling system as a dust-reduction method for swine production facilities. This article presents the results of the second-year experiment of a multi-year study. The first-year experiment demonstrated that a 5% oil-water emulsion automatically applied at the rate of 3 and 5 g/pig/day achieved a 23% to 34% reduction in total dust. The modifications for the second year experiment included: (1) increasing oil application rate to 7 and 8 g/pig/day, (2) replacing sprinkler heads to achieve a smaller droplet size and a more direct spray pattern on pen-floor surfaces, and (3) more closely matching the treatment and control rooms by stage in the pig production cycle. Four swine finishing rooms were used for this study; two were treatment rooms (soybean oil at 7 g/pig/day, and canola oil 8 g/pig/day) and two were control rooms. The treatment rooms had a low-pressure oil-sprinkling system, which sprinkled 5% oil-to-water mixture 12 times per day, 12 s each time. Concentrations of several environmental contaminants were measured. The average total dust concentration in the control rooms was 1.39 mg/m3. The average total dust concentration in the treatment rooms was 0.65 mg/m3. The treatment reduced dust by an average of 52%, (p = 0.0001). There was no difference in the degree of dust control between soybean oil and canola oil. The respirable dust concentrations were very low in all rooms, and there were no significant differences between rooms in ammonia, carbon dioxide, temperature, or humidity.     

Carbon allocation to roots,rhizodeposits and soil after pulse labelling: a comparison of white clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium repens</Emphasis> L.) and perennial ryegrass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lolium perenne</Emphasis> L.)

Organically managed farm areas in Denmark are expanding and typically contain clover-grass leys that are known to stimulate accumulation of organic matter in arable soils. We compared the C allocation to roots and soil from clover and grass, and determined for how long assimilated C remained mobile in these plant-soil systems. Pots with perennial ryegrass, white clover or a mixture of both were pulse-labelled with ¹⁴CO₂, and harvested for analyses after 4, 11, 20, and 30 days. ¹⁴C losses by shoot respiration stopped within 4 days and after this incubation time the input of assimilated ¹⁴C to below-ground compartments was greater in grass (52%) than in clover (36%). During the next 4 weeks, ¹⁴C allocation below ground increased in grass (up to 75% at day 30), but remained constant in clover (37% at day 30). In the grass/clover mixture, the below-ground fraction increased to 50% at day 30. In clover, ¹⁴C was incorporated sooner into stable plant and soil pools and less was released in rhizodeposition than in grass. This was confirmed by the ¹⁴C in the soil microbial biomass that decreased fastest in the clover treatment. Root-derived C compounds of clover probably decomposed faster than those from grass. The larger size and specific activity of the soil microbial biomass in the mixed treatment suggested a stimulating effect of the two plant species on substrate utilisation by the microbial community. This study showed that a 2- to 3-week distribution period is needed before sampling for quantitative estimates of C allocation.     

利用转基因小鼠表达法氏囊病毒A片段的研究

摘要： 将法氏囊病毒(IBDV)A片段定向连于乳腺特异性表达载体p7GMB53, 用于转基因实验, 用PCR和Southern杂交对阳性小鼠及其后代进行检测。 共注射了879枚小鼠受精卵, 移植受体26只, 产仔39只。 经PCR检测阳性6只（其中2只死胎）,Southern杂交检测确定了2只阳性小鼠(1公1母)。外源基因整合的拷贝数分别为3拷贝（公）和9拷贝（母）。将两只阳性小鼠进行了传代,实验表明二者分别为种系纯合体及种系嵌合体。 ELISA 及Western blot检测认为阳性母鼠表达了IBDV 衣壳蛋白。初步验证了先前构建的含基质附着区序列（MARs）的乳腺表达载体能克服转基因的位置效应,实现转入目的基因的表达,提高乳腺反应器的制备效率。     

Use of a rat model to evaluate tall fescue seed infected with introduced strains of Neotyphodium coenophialum

Experimental cultivars of the pasture grass tall fescue are infected with unique strains of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum, which produce low concentrations of ergot alkaloids. A rat model was evaluated as a tool for rapid, initial screening of experimental cultivars considered to be nontoxic. Rats were fed diets that included seed from experimental cultivars of tall fescue with introduced strains of N. coenophialum and a toxic control diet containing seed of the cultivar Kentucky 31 (KY31), with its endemic strain of N. coenophialum. Rats were preconditioned to a nontoxic diet and then fed treatment diets for 13 days with 5 days at thermoneutrality (21 degrees C) followed by 8 days under heat stress (31 degrees C). For most of the 13-day treatment period, rats fed KY31 exhibited depressed daily intake compared to those fed diets of cultivars with introduced endophytes (P < 0.05). In addition, rats fed KY31 exhibited significantly less weight than rats on other diets after heat treatment was imposed. For all initial trials and repeated trials, total intake and total gain calculated at the end of each trial were the most consistent indicators of toxicity.     

猪伪狂犬病gE-ELISA鉴别诊断方法的建立及初步应用

摘要: 为了区分伪狂犬病野毒感染猪与糖蛋白E(gE　)基因缺失疫苗免疫猪，利用大肠杆菌(Eschirchia coli　)BL21(DE3)表达伪狂犬病病毒gE糖蛋白，经纯化、变性、复性等处理后将gE蛋白作为抗原建立了伪狂犬病的gE-ELISA鉴别诊断方法。以该方法检测115份已知背景猪血清，结果表明，该方法诊断特异性为94.5%，诊断敏感性为96.7%。以5块不同批次的包被抗原的酶标板检测5份血清，结果显示阳性血清的变异系数均小于10%，表明该方法重复性好。对比国外阻断gE-ELISA同时检测临床356份猪血清，两者阳性符合率为87.44%（195/223），总符合率为92.13%（328/356）。以上结果表明该gE-ELISA特异、敏感且重复性好，可用于猪伪狂犬病的鉴别诊断。     

低分子量有机酸类物质对红壤和黑土磷有效性的影响

在20℃恒温培养条件下,研究低分子量有机酸类的钠钙盐(LA)和低分子量有机酸类与混合氨基酸的钠钙盐(LAA)不同用量水平对红壤和黑土磷有效性的影响。研究表明,两种低分子量有机酸类混合物在各不同水平下均能显著提高红壤和黑土磷有效性;随着培养的进行,添加有LA、LAA的各处理对红壤和黑土中磷有效性均有明显提高。无论是LA或LAA,红壤中以半量处理对提高磷有效性作用效果更为明显,而黑土中则以LAA作用效果更好,且以常量LAA处理的效果最好,常量LA和LAA处理间差异显著。在添加磷肥的基础上,与不加有机酸物质处理(CKp)相比,添加常量LA、LAA和半量LA(0.5 LA)、LAA(0.5 LAA)处理,在红壤中磷固定率平均值分别降低10.5%、22.3%和11.3%、19.4%;在黑土中分别降低8.6%、10.6%和14.1%、11.8%。LA和LAA对降低红壤和黑土磷固定率效果显著,红壤以半量处理的效果较好,黑土则以常量LAA处理效果最好。