谷氨酰胺对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化作用的影响

将 10 0只 1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为 2组 ,对照 1组喂基础日粮 ;试验 2组 ,在基础日粮中添加 0 .8%的谷氨酰胺。采用MTT比色法检测 7、14日龄外周血T淋巴细胞转化率。 7、14日龄时 ,试验组OD值分别达到了 0 .5 97和 0 .82 2 ,与对照组的 0 .383和 0 .4 94相比 ,差异显著 ;淋巴细胞转化率也分别达到了 5 5 .85 %和 6 6 .5 7%。谷氨酰胺对 7、14日龄雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化功能有显著的增强作用 ,可提高雏鸡免疫力。     

谷氨酰胺对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化作用的影响

将100只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为两组:Ⅰ组为对照组,喂之以基础日粮;Ⅱ组为试验组,于基础日粮中添加0.8%的谷氨酰胺。采用MTT比色法检测7与14日龄外周血T淋巴细胞转化率。结果,7、14日龄时,试验组OD值分别达到了0.597和0.822,与对照组的0.383和0.494相比,差异显著;淋巴细胞转化率也分别达到了55.85%和66.57%。结果表明,谷氨酰胺对7、14日龄雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化功能有显著的增强作用(P<0.01),可提高雏鸡免疫力。     

中药成分对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化的影响

38 0只雏鸡随机分为 19组 ,于 11日龄试验组分别肌肉注射高、低剂量的当归多糖、黄芪多糖、板蓝根多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪皂甙和人参皂甙等 9种中药成分 ,对照组注射同量生理盐水 ,每天 1次 ,连续 3d,于 14日龄用新城疫 系弱毒疫苗首免 ,2 8日龄二免。分别于 35、4 2、4 9和 5 6日龄心脏采血 ,监测 T淋巴细胞转化的动态变化。结果表明 ,所有中药成分均能显著促进 T淋巴细胞转化 ,并有一定的量效和时效关系     

黄芪多糖对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化功能的影响

将１０８只１日龄伊莎系蛋用公雏均分为３组：一组为对照,其余２组在３日龄时,于背侧颈部皮下分别注射０．２、０．４ｍＬ黄芪多糖注射液（０．０１ｇ／ｍＬ）１次,再分别于７、２１、３５、４９日龄时采用ＭＴＴ比色法及微量全血培养３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法检测外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率的动态变化。结果表明,黄芪多糖对２１、３５日龄雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化功能有增强作用,且与剂量有相关性,而对７、４９日龄雏鸡的作用不明显。ＭＴＴ比色法与３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法的检测结果无显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

米糠多糖对健康雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化和体液免疫的影响

为探讨米糠多糖对鸡免疫功能的影响,选用100只10日龄京白939蛋雏鸡,随机平均分为4组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组从10日龄起分别灌服低、中、高3个剂量米糠多糖(50、100和200mg/(kg.d)),每天一次性灌服规定剂量,连续5d;Ⅰ组同时灌服生理盐水作为对照,1mL/只。在灌服米糠多糖前1d和灌服后7、14和21d,分别测定雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力和血清IgG、IgA和IgM含量。在雏鸡14日龄时,对照组和米糠多糖处理组均实施新城疫(ND)疫苗免疫,间隔1周后进行禽流感(AI)疫苗免疫。分别在ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫前1d和免疫后7、14和21d测定ND抗体和AI抗体效价。结果显示:(1)雏鸡灌服3个不同剂量米糠多糖后的7、14和21d,外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且以100mg/(kg.d)剂量组效果最好。(2)雏鸡服用3个剂量组米糠多糖后7、14和21d,血清IgG含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清中IgA含量,在14d时,低剂量组与对照组无显著差异,中、高剂量组显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);IgM含量在灌服米糠多糖后7d时,Ⅳ组高与对照组无差异(P>0.05);14d时,Ⅲ组与对照组无差异(P>0.05);米糠多糖其他剂量组在7和14d,血清IgM含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);21d时,米糠多糖处理组与对照组比较无显著差异。(3)雏鸡服用米糠多糖可以提高ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫后的特异性抗体效价,且免疫效果与米糠多糖剂量呈正相关。试验结果表明,米糠多糖能够从促进蛋雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化功能、提高血清免疫球蛋白含量以及提高疫苗免疫特异性抗体效价等方面调节健康雏鸡的免疫功能。     

各氨酰胺对雏鸡外周血丁淋巴细胞转化作用的影响

将100只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为2组，对照1组喂基础日粮；试验2组，在基础日粮中添加0．8％的谷氨酰胺。采用MTT比色法检测7、14日龄外周血T淋巴细胞转化率。7、14日龄时，试验组OD值分别达到了0．597和0．822，与对照组的0．383和0．494相比，差异显著；淋巴细胞转化率也分别达到了55．85％和66．57％。谷氨酰胺对7、14日龄雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化功能有显著的增强作用，可提高雏鸡免疫力。     

姜黄素对雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化功能的影响

将60羽健康雏鸡随机分成3组,试验Ⅰ组注射姜黄素溶液0.5mL/只,试验Ⅱ组注射姜黄素溶液1mL/只,对照组注射生理盐水1 mL/只。30日龄时取脾脏组织制备淋巴细胞和NK细胞,以MTT法测定淋巴细胞、LDH测定法测定NK细胞活性。结果显示,一定浓度的姜黄素溶液能提高雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化率及NK细胞活性,且在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系。     

抗菌肽对肉鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化的影响

将420只7日龄AA肉雏鸡随机分为7组,在其日粮中分别添加300mg/kg、600mg/kg两个浓度的抗菌肽粗提品,分不同饲养阶段添加到肉鸡日粮中,同时设抗生素组和空白对照组于28日龄早晨空腹翅静脉采抗凝血,分离淋巴细胞,分别用ConA、抗菌肽刺激,MTT法检测T淋巴细胞转化情况.结果表明,抗菌肽能够促进肉鸡外周血淋巴细胞增殖转化,且因添加日龄不同效果有所差异.     

抗菌肽对肉鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化的影响

将420只7日龄AA肉雏鸡随机分为7组,在其日粮中分别添加300mg/kg、600mg/kg两个浓度的抗菌肽粗提品,分不同饲养阶段添加到肉鸡日粮中,同时设抗生素组和空白对照组于28日龄早晨空腹翅静脉采抗凝血,分离淋巴细胞,分别用ConA、抗菌肽刺激,MTT法检测T淋巴细胞转化情况。结果表明,抗菌肽能够促进肉鸡外周血淋巴细胞增殖转化,且因添加日龄不同效果有所差异。     

左旋咪唑对犬外周血T淋巴细胞转化的影响

左族咪唑又名左咪唑、左旋四咪唑，是人工合成的广谱驱虫药。本品具有旋光性，为噻咪唑左旋异构体，常用其盐酸盐(盐酸左旋咪唑)，为白色或微带黄色晶粉，性质稳定，易溶于水(25C：62．7％)，酸性水溶液中稳定。本品对体内多种寄生虫如蛔虫、肺丝虫、钩虫等具有强大的驱杀作用，并且给药方便，可皮下     

谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验选取21日龄的杜×长×大三元断奶仔猪66头,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复9～13只,研究日粮中添加1%的谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明,添加1 %的谷氨酰胺可使断奶仔猪21～35日龄阶段平均日增重比对照组提高19.2 %(P<0.05),平均日采食量提高16.3 %(P<0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶含量提高74.3 %(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量降低35.4 %(P<0.05),腹泻率明显降低.添加1 %的谷氨酰胺还可使断奶仔猪21～49日龄阶段平均日增重提高11.5 %(P<0.05),35～49日龄阶段血清尿素氮含量降低43.7 %(P<0.05).     

日粮营养和半胱胺制剂对山羊手术前后淋巴细胞转化的影响

研究了日粮营养和口服半胱胺制剂对山羊手术前后淋巴细胞转化能力的影响。结果显示 ,正常生理状况下 ,增加日粮营养可显著提高山羊淋巴细胞转化能力 (P <0 0 5)。半胱胺制剂可改善手术创伤导致的免疫抑制 ,显著阻止严重手术创伤后淋巴细胞的刺激指数的下降 (P <0 0 5)。     

Effects of selecting for litter size and body weight on the components of litter size in mice

Divergent selection for the total number of young born in the first three litters (TNY-3) and for 6-week body weight in mice resulted in different changes in the components of first litter size.Selection for large TNY-3 increased the number of ova shed while pre-natal losses were not modified. Selection for small TNY-3 caused both a decrease in ovulation rate and an increase in post-implantation mortality. Divergent selection for body weight modified ovulation rate in the same direction as body weight. Embryo survival declined in both lines selected for body weight. That decline was caused by an increase in pre-implantation mortality in the case of the high line, and by an increase in post-implantation mortality in the low line.     

Effects of dexamethasone on peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotype in weanling piglets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone treatment on the immune system of weanling piglets. Piglets were administered dexamethasone (DEX; 1mg/kg, IM) every 12h for 2 consecutive days (short-term experiment) or DEX (1mg/kg, IM) daily for 2 weeks (long-term experiment). The relative percentage of CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in both short- and long-term DEX-treated groups compared to their control groups. The percentage of IgM(+) cells in PBMCs of the long-term DEX-treated group was greatly increased (P<0.05) in comparison to the control group. The results of this study indicate that short-term DEX-treatment increases leucocyte function; however, long-term DEX-treatment depresses leucocyte function, especially that of CD8(+) T cells.     

谷氨酰胺和吉他霉素对早期断奶仔猪血细胞的影响

规模化养猪中重要的环节是仔猪早期断奶,它可同时提高母猪和仔猪的生产力。实践中,仔猪断奶时间由60日龄提前到28日龄或更短。但断奶日龄减少,仔猪应激加大,造成腹泻、水肿和内毒素休克,即“仔猪早期断奶综合征”,严重影响了养猪业的经济效益[1]。目前“早期断奶综合征”的防治常采用添加抗生素等药物手段,虽然抗生素在保证动物的健康状态,限制病原微生物的传播,保持良好的生产性能有一定作用。但使用抗生素所产生的交叉耐药性和药物残留等问题难以解决。因此,寻求一种无残留、降低应激、提高动物抵抗力和生产性能的营养素,是近些年营养学家…     

替米考星和甲硝唑对猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响

采用细胞形态学观察、淋巴细胞标记和噻唑兰(MTT)法,探究替米考星和甲硝唑单独用药和联合用药对猪外周血淋巴细胞转化率、α-醋酸萘酯酶法阳性率和淋巴细胞增殖的影响。试验结果显示甲硝唑具有提高细胞免疫的功能。在体外试验时,终浓度为0.25~100μg/mL的甲硝唑可以促进淋巴细胞的增殖和转化;在体内试验时,浓度为2.5~10 mg/kg的甲硝唑可以增加成熟T淋巴细胞的数量。但是替米考星在体内和体外试验的结果却与阴性对照差异不显著,表明它不具有促进或抑制淋巴细胞增殖的能力,对机体的细胞免疫无影响。     

Effects of steroids on bovine T-lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro

Day 13 to 24 bovine conceptuses convert C-19 and C-21 neutral steroids to 5 beta-reduced steroids with great efficiency. Pregnancy steroids have been reported to be immunomodulatory in several species. This study examined the possibility that 5 beta-reduced products of bovine conceptus steroid metabolism, precursors, related steroids, progesterone or cortisol might affect bovine T-cell blastogenesis. The steroids tested were 5 alpha-androstan-17 beta-ol-3-one, androstene-3, 17-dione, 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione and 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol. The ability of each steroid, over a dose range of 10(-2) to 10(4) nM, to affect phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced or concanavalin A (Con A)-induced bovine T cell blastogenesis, or the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was evaluated. Five lactating Holstein cows served as lymphocyte donors for mitogen studies and two, that exhibited strong MLR, were donors for the MLR evaluation. Of the seven steroids tested none affected blastogenesis in a dose-related manner except for cortisol, which suppressed Con A-induced lymphocyte transformation as well as the MLR. Cortisol did not affect PHA-induced blastogenesis. Thus, of the pregnancy steroids tested at the concentrations noted, none had significant immunomodulatory effects.     

Effects of training on resting peripheral blood and BAL-derived leucocyte function in horses

In this study, the effects of prolonged, high intensity training on aspects of peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-derived leucocyte function were evaluated in 8 horses. All horses undertook a 7 week endurance training programme, followed by 5 weeks of high intensity training (HIT). Thereafter, horses were divided into control (C) and overtraining (OT) groups. The frequency and intensity of training were increased more substantially for horses in the OT group. Training was terminated in week 32 when horses in the OT group demonstrated a significant performance reduction. Peripheral blood and BAL samples were collected from 4 horses in C and OT groups in training weeks 7, 11, 14, 18, 22, 28 and 32. Flow cytometric techniques were used to assess phagocytosis by peripheral blood neutrophils and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM), and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils, PAM, peripheral blood and BAL-derived lymphocytes. Peripheral blood neutrophil phagocytosis (internalisation) increased during the initial HIT period and decreased from week 16 when the training workload was increased for both groups. The oxidative burst activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes similarly increased and then decreased in response to training. The oxidative burst activity of PAM was reduced towards the end of the overtraining phase of the programme. Pulmonary alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of BAL-derived lymphocytes demonstrated no change throughout the course of the study. There was no difference in results obtained from C or OT group horses, suggesting that protracted HIT, rather than overtraining, was associated with impaired cell function. The detrimental effects observed in peripheral blood neitrophil and PAM function may indicate impaired nonspecific immunity which may adversely affect the health and performance of horses undergoing protracted periods of intense training.     

Effects of mycotoxins on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells

The effects of mycotoxins on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were added to cultures of PBMCs, and the proliferation responses were measured using MTT bioassays. Suppression of the proliferation of calf PBMCs by AFB(1) and DON was significantly stronger than that of cow PBMCs, whereas there were no differences in suppressive effects on PBMCs from Holstein and Japanese Black calves and cows. The suppressive effect was greatest in the order of DON, AFB(1) and ZEN, and the effects of DON and AFB(1) seemed to be dose-dependent. The results suggest that some mycotoxins directly suppress proliferation of bovine PBMCs.