鲮微卫星DNA分子标记的筛选与遗传多样性分析

采用磁珠富集法对已建立的生长较快的西江段野生浅色鲮群体的极大、极小群体各31尾基因组DNA进行了微卫星序列的筛选,128个阳性克隆成功测序93个,其中80个为的微卫星序列,微卫星序列完美型占85％,非完美型占6．25％,混合型占8．75％。利用微卫星序列合成了23对微卫星引物,扩增结果表明,等位基因数为1～10个,扩增片段大小为92～283bp,其中14对引物扩增条带清晰,为中度或高度多态位点,极大、极小群体的平均有效等位基因数和平均多态信息含量分别为3．0784、3．2079和0．5675、0．5974,反映出2个群体遗传多样性均较丰富;高度多态性引物4的位点b,片段大小为119bp,在极大群体中出现频率为61．3％,在极小群体占22．6％,出现频率极大群体高于极小群体近3倍,初步可作为候选差异性分子标记。     

杭州地区甘蔗花叶病病原鉴定

从杭州田间表现典型花叶症的甘蔗病叶中得到病毒分离物SC－ZJ，按照SCMV亚组中甘蔗花叶病毒（Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)，玉米矮花叶病毒（Maize dwarf mosaic virus,MDMV)、高粱花叶病毒（Sorghum mosaic virus,SrMV)、约翰逊草花叶病毒（Johnsongrass mosaic virus,JGMV)等4种病毒基因组序列设计特性引物，对SC－ZJ进行IC－RT－PCR扩增，结果用SrMV特异性引物扩增到1条长约1.1kb的片段，而用其它3种病毒特异性引物扩增不出任何片段。扩增片段经克隆后测定序列，序列包含1135核苷酸（nt)，编码378个氨基酸（aa），取其中的近全长外壳蛋白（CP）氨基酸序列（312aa)，与SrMV、MDMV,SCMV,JGMV等4种病毒对应的序列进行同源性比较，结果核苷酸序列同源性依次为95．3％、75．2％、61．2％和53．6％，氨基酸序列同源性依次为97．1％、78．1％、72．9％和56．2％，根据IC－RT－PCR扩增鉴定及序列同源性比较结果，将SC－ZJ鉴定为SrMV。并根据CP氨基酸序列的同源性进一步分析了4种病毒的亲缘关系。     

差异显示法分离水稻耐淹涝相关的基因

摘 要：应用mRNA差异显示技术(DDRT—PCR)对耐淹材料FR13A和敏感材料IR39595-503-2-1-2在淹涝胁迫下的基因差异表达进行分析。结果显示：从40对引物中共扩增出1428条片段，筛选到102条在耐淹涝材料和敏感材料间差异明显的基因片段，差异率为7.1% 。其中有42条差异片段来自耐淹涝材料，有7个差异片段已通过Northern杂交验证在耐淹涝材料FR13A中表达，进一步克隆测序并进行数据库比对分析表明：有4个与受到水分胁迫时产生的应答反应和生理生化变化有关，其中一个与ATP结合蛋白的高度同源，3个与异柠檬酸酶脱氢酶，NADH2脱氢酶和乙醛酸转移酶部分序列高度同源。其余3个为新的cDNA片段。     

猪肥胖基因片断的克隆及不同日龄猪肥胖基因表达的差异

从杜长嘉(Duroex Landracex Taihu)猪的皮下脂肪中提取基因组RNA，用RT-PCR扩增肥胖基因(obesegene；ob)，获得1条504bp的片断，以pGEM-T Easy Vector为载体，将该基因片断克隆到大肠杆菌(Eschenchia coli)中。从筛选到的阳性克隆中分离出肥胖基因，测定其序列，分析表明该片段为肥胖基因cDNA的部分序列，编码167个氨基酸组成的多肽，是成熟肽的主体部分。研究得到的基因片段与报道的猪脂肪组织中ob cDNA部分序列同源性达到99．41％。氨基酸序列同源性达到98．94％。以ob基因片段的克隆为基础，构建了优化的半定量RT-PCR法，以β-actin为内标，研究不同日龄的猪脂肪组织ob基因表达的差异，1-28日龄ob基因表达呈上升趋势，28日龄达到最高，随后，到56日龄ob基因表达又呈下降趋势。     

新疆褐牛weaver位点部分序列的克隆测序及分析

根据小鼠核苷酸序列合成引物,对新疆褐牛ｗｅａｖｅｒ位点２２８ｂｐ片段特异性扩增并克隆测序,同源性比较结果表明：新疆褐牛与小鼠相应核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为９１．２％和１００％。ＳＳＣＰ方法检测１９９头新疆褐牛未发现ｗｅａｖｅｒ突变。     

香蕉离体试管芽诱变育种的研究 Ⅴ.漳蕉8号株系基因组变异检测

应用 2 0条Sangon的随机引物 ,对6 0 Coγ射线辐照诱变所获新株系漳蕉 8号(原漳农 8号 )及其对照品种台湾北蕉 (MusAAAGrandCavendish)的总DNA进行RAPD ,结果发现有 1 2条引物扩增出 68条谱带 ,其中同源带 53条 ,占总带数的77 9% ,差异带 1 5条 ,占总带数的 2 2 1 % ;漳蕉 8号与对照多态性差异高达 2 4 6% ,且显示出稳定性遗传。其中S10 和S19的 3条差异带 ,可作为漳蕉 8号株系鉴定和防退化复壮的筛选标记。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌转铁结合蛋白2基因克隆、序列分析及表达

参照猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniac)血清5型菌株序列ZA6774设计1对特异性引物，用PCR方法扩增转铁结合蛋白2(Tbp2)基因，得到1条1624bp的片段，然后克隆到pMD18-T载体中，经测序比较，与参考序列的核苷酸同源性达99．8％，从T-载体中切下目的片段后，定向克隆到pET32a( )中，转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)，经诱导后，SDS-PAGE电泳，Tbp2高效表达，Western-blotting鉴定呈阳性。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）BJ—4株全基因组序列测定与分析

在国内首次完成了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离毒株的全基因组序列测定。用RT－PCR方法分段扩增出PRRSV北京地区分离株BJ－4株的21条cDNA片段，分别克隆于pGEM-T-easy质粒载体并进行测序，按顺序将这些序列进行拼接得到PRRSV BJ－4株全基因组cDNA序列。测序结果表明PRRSV BJ－4株基因组全长15504b，包含8个开放阅读框，5′端有190nt先导序列；3′端有256ntUTR，其中包括95ntPoly(A)尾。PRRSV BJ－4株与美洲型毒株VR－2332和Nebreska的核苷酸同源率分别为99．5％和98．4％，而与欧洲型代表株LV株的核苷酸同源率为62．5％，与另一国内分离株CH－1a株编码构蛋白基因的核苷酸同源率为93．3％。     

瓜叶菊热胁迫下的基因差异表达

应用mRNA差异显示技术(DDRT-PCR) 对瓜叶菊离体筛选获得的耐热变异体N1-2-1及其母株N1在热胁迫下的基因差异表达进行分析。结果显示：从40对引物中共扩增出1419条，筛选到100条在热胁迫下耐热变异体N1-2-1和母株N1间差异明显的基因片段，差异率为7.2%，其中有41条差异片段来自N1-2-1，其中有6个经过Northern杂交验证只在N1-2-1中表达而在母株N1中不表达的差异片段，进一步克隆测序和数据库比对分析表明：有2个分别与马铃薯和水稻热胁迫时产生的应答反应有关，有一个与花色素苷转酰基酶有关，另外3个（DF2、 DF5、DF6）未发现蛋白质同源序列，推测为新的cDNA片段。     

杂种和纯种猪之间脂肪组织差异表达基因的分离、克隆和序列分析

实验选取中国地方品种梅山猪和外国品种大白猪进行正反向杂交产生杂种梅大和大梅猪，用mRNA差异显示技术，分析了亲本和杂种猪背部皮下脂肪组织间基因差异表达。结果发现，在10条5＇端随机引物和10条3＇端锚定引物共100对引物组合的差异显示扩增下，共获得l500多条可重复的扩增条带，选取其中能够重复出现的40条差异表达带（在4组样本中不能同时出现的条带）进行重扩增、克隆并测序。通过GenBank／BLAST比对发现，其中有4条EST分别与GenBank序列同源性较高，其余36条属于新的EST，将这36条EST提交GenBank获得注册号，并选取其中的3条进行半定量RT-PCR验证并检测其相对表达，其中2条表现不同程度的差异，l条没有明显差异。为提高DDRT-PCR真阳性，实验中的4种组合各屠宰6头以建立RNA池，采取低高严谨结合的退火温度进行差异显示扩增以及只回收在2次PCR扩增均能重复出现的条带。结果表明，所获得的36条新的EST在亲子代之间的差异表达方式不尽相同，这些差异表达的基因可能与脂肪组织杂种优势的形成有关。     

Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.     

Excretion of (14)C-fumonisin B(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1), and (14)C-fumonisin B(1)-fructose in rats.

14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homochiral (R)- and (S)-karahanaenol from (R)-limonene

Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.     

(三唑基-~(14)C-)粉锈宁的标记合成

本文报道了(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁的制备。由14C-甲酸和重碳酸氨基胍形成(5-14C)-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑,再经重氮化脱氨得到(5-14C)-1,2,4-三唑,最后再与对氯酚和二氯片呐酮反应得到(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁。放化收率为26％(从甲酸-14C计),放化纯度大于95％。     

Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions

The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability.     

Binding studies of oxovanadium(V) with ovalbumins (OA)

The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id₀) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG ⁰ value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin.     

Effect of pH on interaction between As(III) or As(V) and manganese(IV) oxide

The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO₂, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg^?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg^?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10^?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg^?1 with 2 × 10^?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na⁺ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered.