关于稻秸秆人造板的几个问题

围绕农作物秸秆在人造板生产中的综合利用,结合我国稻秸秆人造板生产和应用的实际情况,就稻秸秆的原料资源、原料的特性和改性、专用胶黏剂、稻秸秆人造板产品模式、稻秸秆板生产工艺难点、稻秸秆板的性能、稻秸秆板的用途和稻秸秆人造板产业的形成与发展等八个问题发表了意见与建议。     

今年1—7月我国刨花扳出口金额增长近四成

今年前7个月，我国刨花板及类似板出口无论是在数量上，或是在单价水平、出口价值金额方面，较比去年同期都取得了明显的增长。在数量上今年1—7月我国刨花板及类似板总共出口74993．11t，同比去年的67063．08t增长了11．83％；在单价水平上出口刨花板及类似板为350．15美元／t，同比去年的282．12美元／t增长了24．11％，提升了两成多；     

API压制稻秸秆人造板的初步研究

围绕着稻秸秆人造板的发展现状.结合我国稻秸秆人造板的应用情况,以及在稻秸秆人造板生产工艺中存在的问题,通过对稻秸秆原料结构特性的了解及对所用胶黏剂的改进,经过大量的实验和相关资料的查询,最终确定了在稻秸秆人造板密度750kg/m~3、板厚15mm,热压压力2.5MPa不变的条件下进行正交试验。经试验结果分析表明,试验时间、试验温度和施胶量对稻秸秆人造板的各项性能影响显著。最终得出在热压时间为18min、热压温度为165℃、施胶量为6%(单位质量的秸秆)的条件下压制的稻秸秆人造板符合国家标准GB/T 21723—2008麦(稻)秸秆人造板行业标准中的各项要求。     

圆榫与稻秸秆板的接合性能分析

稻秸秆板是一种新型绿色家具板材,同圆榫的接合参数与中密度纤维板和刨花板存在较大的差异。从板材的结构、密度、内结合强度及静曲强度出发,分析了刨花板与3种稻秸秆板在不同预导孔配合参数下对接合强度的影响,得出了不同板材的最佳配合参数。试验还发现,稻秸秆板密度越大对极限抗拔力越有利;在白乳胶的辅助作用下,基材颗粒的特性对极限抗拔力影响也非常明显。     

设备基础沉井的设计与施工

沉井作为一种地下结构，广泛地应用于地下仓库，大型设备基础、污水泵房，取水构筑物等工程施工中，其施工方法具有独特的优点：占地面积小，不需要板桩围护，技术上稻妥可靠，无需特殊的专业设备，而且操作简便，本文通过工程实例介绍设备基础沉井结构的设计及主要施工工艺。     

麻屑板低压短周期三聚氰胺浸渍纸饰面工艺的探讨

麻屑板由于表面质量较差及散发出特有的气味，严重地影响了它的应用。当前的一些饰面方法效果均不理想。现对麻屑板用低压短周期三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面工艺进行了探讨，所生产的饰面板质量符合ＧＢ／Ｔ１５１０２—９４的要求，且消除了板的气味，扩大了麻屑板的应用领域。     

专家谈中密度纤维板工业发展问题

专家谈中密度纤维板工业发展问题文／中国林学会木工分会秘书处△８０高龄的王恺理事长为首届中纤板工业发展问题研讨会致开幕词并作专题报告。此文即为研讨会会议纪要的内容。图／一山中密度纤维板是一种技术含量高、产品综合性能好的人造板好品种，近期国内外发展均很迅...     

特种无臭胶合板调胶与制板工艺研究（续）

特种无臭胶合板调胶与制板工艺研究（续）顾继友，包学耕３．２调胶及制板３．２．１多因子调胶制板在弄清各个增量剂的作用和性质后，进行综合多因子调胶试验，并同时进行制板试验。制板工艺为：桦木单板含水率应控制在１６％～１８％，涂胶量２８０ｇ／ｍ￣２，压制三层...     

微波辐射下SO4^2-／ZrO2-TiO2催化合成乙酸诺卜酯

以自制诺卜醇和乙酸为原料,固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-TiO2为催化剂,甲苯为带水剂,在微波辐射条件下合成乙酸诺卜酯,考察了微波辐射条件和催化剂制备条件、催化剂用量等对乙酸诺卜酯得率的影响。结果表明,微波辐射温度、时间及催化剂的制备条件和用量对乙酸诺卜酯得率有较大影响。优化的工艺条件为：诺卜醇质量20g,醇酸物质的量比1：1．15,微波辐射温度105℃,微渡功率650W,辐射时间85min,催化剂SO4^2-／Zr02-TiO2（Ti与Zr质量之比为6：1,焙烧温度450℃）用量为诺卜醇质量的2．5％,该条件下乙酸诺卜酯得率81．3％。此外,催化剂可重复使用4次。与普通加热反应相比,时间缩短,产物得率提高。     

微波辐照稻杆制造活性炭

研究了微波辐照经氯化锌浸渍的稻杆制造活性炭。实验结果表明，经微波辐照８ｍｉｎ，所得活性炭的亚甲基蓝脱色力为１５ｍＬ／０．１ｇ，为国家标准一级品的１．２５倍，时间仅为传统方法的１／４５。     

农作物秸秆人造板发展现状与应用前景

介绍我国农作物秸秆人造板行业的发展现状,分析现存问题,以及农作物秸秆人造板产品的应用前景.     

阻燃麦秸刨花板性能的研究

根据麦秸板的特点，选择4种复配的阻燃剂，利用正交试验法进行制板试验，根据氧指数和烟密度指标评价其阻燃性能，同时测定板的各项物理力学性能的变化。结果表明，经过阻燃处理，麦秸板的阻燃能力有明显提高，但一些物理力学性能有所降低；研究还给出了阻燃麦秸板的较佳工艺参数。     

预热处理对麦秆纤维板性能的影响

研究了麦秆在不同预热处理条件下，其纤维化学性质以及制得的中密度纤维板的性能，同时结合施胶量对不同预热处理麦秆纤维板性能的影响，探讨了在麦秆纤维/脲醛树脂胶中密度纤维板生产中施胶量对板性能影响的重要性。结果表明，采用预热温度为160℃左右、预热时间5～7min的处理条件获得的麦秆纤维在16%左右的施胶量时，可获得满足GB/T 11718-1999标准的麦秆纤维/脲醛树脂胶中密度纤维板。     

我国麦/稻秸秆板工业的发展与思考

通过回顾我国秸秆板工业化生产的发展历程及现状,分析了目前秸秆板生产设备与工艺存在的问题和差距,从多个方面就我国今后秸秆人造板发展有待改进的方向提出建议.     

基于CT技术的人造板剖面密度检测

利用CT技术无损检测槐树大片刨花板、柳杉重组木以及麦秸中密度纤维板的内部结构与密度特征。结果表明:大片刨花板与重组木的密度变异均高于麦秸板;大片刨花板剖面密度分布无明显变化规律,而重组木呈W型分布、麦秸板呈V型分布。CT技术将为深入研究木基复合材料的结构与性能产生积极影响。     

Effects of five additive materials on mechanical and dimensional properties of wood cement-bonded boards

There is a growing desire to improve the properties and use of nonwood plant materials as supplements to wood materials for wood cement-bonded boards (WCBs). This study was conducted to determine the comparative properties of WCBs containing various amounts of discontinuous inorganic fiber materials, such as alkali-resistant glass fiber, normal glass fiber, mineral wool, and nonwood plant materials such as retted flax straw and wheat straw particles. Tested cement-bonded boards were made at wood/additive compositions of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (weight percentages). Seventy-eight laboratory-scale WCBs were produced. Various board properties, such as the modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding strength (IB), water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and linear expansion (LE), were studied. The test results showed that three types of discontinuous inorganic fiber used as reinforcing materials in composites significantly enhanced and modified the performance of WCBs. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of cement-bonded board were significantly improved with increasing amounts of the additives. MOR and IB were increased; and WA, TS, and LE of boards were reduced by combination with the inorganic fiber materials. The results also indicated that combination with retted flax straw particles only slightly increased the MOR of boards, and wheat straw particles led to marked decreases in all the mechanical properties and the dimensional stability of WCBs.Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000     

一年生植物作为石膏刨花板原料的适应性

本文叙述了使用德国及中国建筑石膏和甘蔗渣、竹材、棉秆、麦秸、稻草等一年生植物生产石膏刨花板的适应性,分析了石膏的成分和性能,测定了缓凝剂和植物原料对石膏水化的影响。制板时采用不同的配方和板的密度,以评价一年生植物的使用价值。在所使用的原料中,甘蔗渣是良好的石膏刨花板原料。     

麦秸无胶碎料板制备工艺研究

以麦秸碎料为主要原料,采用漆酶水浴与干法两种不同处理方法压制麦秸无胶碎料板,研究热压温度、热压压力和热压时间对板材物理力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:影响麦秸无胶碎料板物理力学性能的主要因素是热压温度;水浴处理方法压制碎料板的物理力学性能优于干法压制的碎料板;漆酶水浴处理方法较优的热压工艺参数为漆酶用量43.6U/g,含水率10%,热压温度170℃,热压压力3~4MPa,热压时间20~25min。     

Characteristics of senescent straw cell walls of dwarf, semidwarf, and normal strains of rice (Oryza sativa) plants

A normal variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.cv. Taichung 65, T65c), its isogenic dwarf line (T65d ₁), and a semidwarf variety of a different line (Oryza sativa L.cv. IR8, IR8) were studied. The results were compared with those of an isogenic dwarf line (Rh _i) of wheat straw, which was previously reported. Expression of the dwarf gene,d ₁, on the chemical composition and the structural features of lignin present in rice internodes differs from that in an isogenic dwarf line of wheat. The differences include the lignin content, total yield of alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation products, and distribution of wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids. There was, however, no difference in the syringyl/ guaiacyl nuclei (S/V) molar ratio and neutral sugar composition. The lignin composition of rice straw cell walls, particularly that of the dwarf variety, contained more of the condensed structure and fewer syringyl nuclei than lignin in wheat straw cell walls. It is suggested that crosslinking between lignin and polysaccharides by ester-ether bridges via ferulic acid contributes to the mechanical properties of the cell walls of rice straw. Thus the chemical and structural characteristics of lignin in rice straw differ to some extent from those of other temperate grasses, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), as reported previously. This can probably be attributed to the water environment of rapidly growing rice seedlings, but it also depends on the genetic variety of the rice plant.     

Fermentation characteristics of vinegar residue and some natural materials

1 Introduction Being the world’s largest agricultural country, China has over one billion tons of cellulosic wastes from farms and forests every year. With petroleum prices and the number of automobiles ever increasing in China, there will be more and more needs for alterna tive fuel sources. Using corn to make ethanol is only a part of the potential from agriculture. If cellu lose-containing material like straw and cornstalks could be converted into liquid fuels, it could assist the nation…