水稻细胞质雄性不育恢复基因遗传和定位研究进展

综述了水稻细胞质雄性不育育性恢复的遗传及其恢复基因的分子标记定位研究进展,指出了目前存在的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

野败型杂交水稻恢复基因的遗传机理研究进展

杂交水稻雄性不育恢复基因的遗传机理是一个非常复杂的生物学现象，许多学者对其进行了探讨，本文从育性指标的采用和划分，恢复基因的数目，恢复基因的等位性，恢复基因的三体定位和定子图谱定位等方面进行了概述，以期为恢复基因进一步深入研究提供参考。     

大豆细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的标记定位

利用三系法生产大豆杂交种能够有效提高大豆产量。为挖掘大豆三系育性恢复基因,利用大豆细胞质雄性不育系SXCMS1A与恢复系AHH-8构建F2育性分离群体,开展不育系育性遗传分析及育性恢复基因初定位研究。结果表明,F1群体花粉镜检为半不育,成熟期植株结实正常;F2群体花粉镜检可育株与半不育株的分离比为1∶1,成熟期植株结实正常无不育株,从而推测该大豆细胞质雄性不育系为单基因配子体不育。利用SSR标记对F2群体进行分析,获得了位于D1a连锁群上的2个与恢复基因紧密连锁的标记Satt184和Satt267,遗传距离分别为17.3,10.2 c M。因此,将恢复基因定位于D1a连锁群上,可为下一步精确定位恢复基因奠定基础。     

的定位

 以珍汕97A/明恢63的F2群体为材料,应用SSR标记对水稻野败型恢复基因Rf3进行定位。该试验从F2分离群体中筛选出119个极端不育单株组成隐性基因定位群体。针对水稻第1染色体短臂Rf3所在染色体的可能区间,应用37个SSR标记检测亲本,从16个多态性标记中挑选出9个检测定位群体。结果表明物理位置连续排列的SSR标记RM10353、RM1195和RM3746各有8个单株与Rf3基因发生了单交换,且重组子数表现为最少,据此可将Rf3定位于这3个标记的两侧标记内。因此最终将Rf3定位在相距679.9 kb的SSR标记RM10338和RM10376之间。     

水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育系花1A的选育

在三系杂交籼稻亲本中渗入部分粳稻血缘以扩大亲本遗传距离,增强杂种优势,以及利用粳稻优质特性,是杂交稻育种途径之一。但籼粳交后代分离世代长,育种周期长,采用籼粳交Ｆ１花药培养的方法快速育成保持系花１Ｂ,然后核置换育成野败型细胞质雄性不育系花１Ａ。     

水稻野败型与滇—1型细胞质雄性不育系育性恢复基因关系的研究

试验利用广亲和野败型不育系０２４２８Ａ和明恢６３／０２４２８Ｆ６、Ｆ８广亲恢选系研究了野败型不育系和滇－１型不育系育性恢复基因关系。结果表明，野败型不育系和滇－１型不育系育性恢复基因之间是非等位的，而且它们之间可能是相互独立的。现有的滇－１型不育系的一些粳稻恢复系同时具有对野败型不育系的恢复基因，野败型不育系的籼稻恢复系也可能包含有滇－１型不育系的恢复基因，这两组基因可能通过基因重组结合在同一个体     

高粱A_2细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的SSR标记分析

用SSR(Short Sequence Repeat,短序列重复)分子标记技术对高粱A2细胞质雄性不育(CMS)恢复基因进行了分析,结果表明对A2CMS的育性恢复表现为基因多位点的独立作用。在三个高粱杂交组合A2V4×1383-2、A2V4×晋粱5号和A2Tx622×晋粱5号中,至少有3个不同的基因位点与A2CMS的育性恢复有关。恢复系核基因组中只要有一个显性位点的存在,与线粒体基因相互作用,便能够使育性得到恢复。SSR标记分析发现,在A2Tx622×晋粱5号和A2V4×晋粱5号的F2群体中,分别找到标记Xtxp65和Xtxp141与育性共分离,标记与恢复基因位点的遗传距离分别为9.1 cM和13.4 cM,分别位于高粱5号(SBI-05)和10号染色体(SBI-10)上。     

水稻野败型恢复系恢复基因的遗传及等位性分析

以自然结实率与植株形态为育性指标,对野败细胞质的10个恢复系进行恢复基因的遗传分析,结果表明I:R24I、R26、明恢63、527、先恢207、密阳46、R326、岳恢9113、R402、盐恢559,轮回422、R228、R838均具2对独立遗传的主效显性恢复基因,IR24I、R26、明恢63、527、先恢207、密阳46、岳恢9113、R402、盐恢559,轮回422、R228具有2对等位的恢复基因,R326具有2对不等位的主效恢复基因,R838的具有1对不等位的主效恢复基因;利用恢复系杂交后代强恢株出现的机率,评价了16个恢复系材料,其中先恢207、密阳46、R527、明恢63、轮回422、R228强恢遗传传递力高,是优良的恢复系亲本。     

水稻细胞质雄性不育育性恢复研究进展

论述了水稻细胞雄性不育及育性恢复基因的主要类型、恢复基因的遗传、定位和育种的研究进展,并提出其存在的问题和展望。     

玉米S型细胞质雄性不育恢复基因Rf3的精细定位及其候选基因预测

细胞质雄性不育(Cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)广泛存在于高等植物,CMS-S是玉米CMS的一种,其育性可以被恢复基因Rf3完全恢复。目前Rf3基因尚未成功克隆。本试验根据玉米CMS-S配子体不育特点,提出一种全新的同质群体构建方法,通过该方法获得群体的所有个体均携带Rf3恢复基因,省去田间表型鉴定工作,并可在同一世代获得足够的重组个体。该方法可直接用种子提取基因组DNA,大大提高Rf3定位的效率。利用该同质定位群体,将恢复基因Rf3精细定位到分子标记A165与CG2之间,参照玉米自交系B73的基因组序列,两个标记之间的物理距离约为1.4 Mb。     

K型小麦细胞质雄性不育系育性恢复基因的SSR分子标记分析

 以 (K冀 5 4 18A∥ 9112 89/LK783)三交F1分离群体的极端不育株和极端可育株分别建立保持池和恢复池 ,利用 79对SSR引物对两池间的多态性进行了研究。分析表明 ,6对SSR引物在两池间扩增出了稳定的多态性差异 ,在分离群体上验证结果表明 ,LK783的育性恢复基因与 4个SSR引物的扩增位点Xgwm11、Xgwm18、Xgwm2 6 4a和Xgwm 2 73有连锁关系 ,该育性恢复基因与Xgwm11、Xgwm18和Xgwm2 73的遗传距离为 6 .5 4± 4 .37cM ,与Xg wm2 6 4a的遗传距离为 5 .71± 4 .10cM ,这 4个引物可应用于K型小麦细胞质雄性不育系育性恢复基因的标记辅助选择。利用中国春缺体四体系和双端体系进一步将Xgwm11、Xgwm18、Xgwm2 6 4a和Xgwm2 73定位于 1BS ,说明LK783的育性恢复基因位于 1BS ,但它在 1BS上的相对位置与Rfv1有所不同 ,它们的等位性关系有待于进一步研究     

Mapping of Fertility Restoring Gene for Aegilops kotschyi Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Wheat Using SSR Markers

LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatellite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among (KJ5418A//911289/LK783)F1 population,respectively. Seventy-nine sets of SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between the two pools, 6 of which were found polymorphic. Linkage analysis showed that Xgwm11, Xgwm18 , Xgwm264a and Xgwm273were linked to the restoring gene in LK783, while Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm273 were co-segregated. The distance between the Rf gene in LK783 and the three co-segregated markers was 6.54±4.37 cM, the distance between Rf gene and Xgwm264a was 5.71±4.10 cM. The four SSR markers were located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying the DNA of nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of CS with the 4 sets of primers, indicating that the major restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS, but the relative location of the gene was different from Rfv1, allelism of the two genes should be further investigated. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat would be facilitated by using the four polymorphic markers.     

水稻细胞质雄性不育恢复系ZSP-1恢复基因的初步定位

调查了用细胞质雄性不育新恢复系ZSP－1配制的杂交组合珍汕97A／ZSP－1和星A－ZSP－1的F1的结实率及F2个体花粉育性，发现恢复系ZSP－1的恢复性是由2对独立遗传基因控制。在此基础上，选用了与野败型雄性不育恢复基因Rf-3和Rf-4紧密连锁的RFLP标记对2个F2群体进行连锁分析，发现ZSP－1具有的2个恢复基因与这些标记紧密连锁，初步把ZSP－1的恢复基因定位于Rf-3和Rf-4区域。     

细胞质雄性不育特性对eui基因表达的影响

选取水稻协青早遗传背景的6个等基因系为试材,通过测量供试植株的节间长度、测定幼穗和剑叶中的GA1含量,探索细胞质负效应对eui基因表达的影响。结果表明:野败细胞质基因显著抑制了水稻最上节间的伸长,导致不育系XA产生严重包穗。eui1和eui2被导入不育系后,育成的XeA1和XeA2在水稻幼穗中的GA1含量分别是XA的8.7倍和2.5倍,部分补偿了不育系水稻赤霉素的亏缺,诱导了第1节间的显著伸长,从而减轻或消除了不育系的包穗。eui1不育系对GA3的响应比Eui和eui2不育系更敏感。eui基因的表达在一定程度上补偿了野败胞质基因对水稻第1节间伸长的负效应。     

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize

14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were used as female parents, 8 tester lines as male parents, 101 F1 progenies were obtained. Fertility restoration response of 101 F1 progenies were investigated through field observation and pollen stainability examination under microscope. 14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were developed by repeated backcross with recurrent male parent lines for more than 8 generations. The result shows: tester line Zifeng1 not only restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear sterile lines of group C backcrossed with Mo17, Yu30 and Heer, but also completely restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasm male sterile lines of group T backcrossed with Mo17, HZS , 1792 ,292 and Yu30. Therefore, nuclear background limits the use of Zifeng1 as a tester for identification of cytoplasmic male sterility. Furthermore RFLPs of mitochondrial DNA of 6 isonuclear and alloplasmic cytoplasmic male sterile lines were analyzed with Bam H Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ restriction endonuclease and mitochondrial DNA probes pBcmH3 and Cox Ⅱ. The same RFLPs were found within sterile cytoplasm of group C, including C,Chuan G, Lei 2 and Lei 3, but a different RFLP pattern was observed among sterile cytoplasm of group S, C,T and the normal cytoplasm. This result suggested that the RFLP markers tightly linked to sterile mitochondrial genes of different groups could be applied in the identifcation of cytoplasmic male sterility.     

大豆细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的SSR标记定位

利用组合不育系SXJLCMS1A×恢复系Z-119-99构建F_2育性分离群体,进行育性的遗传模式分析和恢复基因定位。结果表明,F_1群体全为可育株,F_2群体的可育株与半不育株经卡方测验符合1∶1的分离比例,说明该大豆细胞质雄性不育符合单基因配子体不育的遗传模式;利用F_2分离群体,采用445对大豆SSR引物对其恢复基因进行分子标记和定位,结果发现,该恢复基因与J连锁群的2个标记Satt674和Satt249连锁,距2个标记的遗传距离分别为8.7,9.6 c M。     

Mapping Major Restore Genes for C-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize with SSR Marker

Through observation about the restoration of male fertility of F2 and BC1 progeny, we found that the restoring line Fengke1 had two duplicating restorer genes. The restorer gene R f5 in Fengke1 background was located on chromosome 5L by SSR method; it linked with bnlg1711, bnlg1346 and phi058,the genetic distances with bnlg1711, bnlg1346, and phi058 were 7.51cM, 1.68cM, and 9.87cM respectively;the restorer gene R f4 was mapped on chromosome 8S linked with bnlg2307.