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谢龙莲 《世界热带农业信息》2006,(9):24-24
据报道,在马来西亚沙捞越州发现了油棕新病害,即由真菌genoderma引起的油棕基腐病。虽然油棕小佃农已经启用了病害预警系统,但是,还不清楚染病范围。专家怀疑该病害是由印尼的油棕杂种带入的,目前,该 相似文献
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近年来,温室番茄生产中茎基腐病发生较多,危害较为严重.番茄茎基腐病就是一种真菌性病害,常因土壤积水、栽植早温度过高而发生.另外,密度过大、管理不当、基肥不足等都有利于病害的发生与蔓延. 相似文献
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为了正确区别水稻细菌性基腐病与其它几种稻病的症状,我们从1980年开始,对细菌性基腐病及几种相似病害的主要症状进行了比较试验和观察.巳初步分清细菌性基腐病和细菌性褐条病心腐型、自叶枯病急性凋萎型(枯心型〕、恶苗病枯死株、小球菌核病枯死株、生理性青枯及还原性物质中毒等症状特点,水稻茎基部,特别是根节部变深褐色腐烂是细菌性基腐病独有的特征,可区别于上述症状相似的病害。 相似文献
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玉米茎腐病也叫茎基腐病或青枯病,属世界性病害,在我国主要玉米产区均有发生。
1、症状
茎腐病是由多种病原菌单独或复合侵染造成根系和茎基腐烂的一类病害的总称。一般在玉米灌浆期开始发病,乳熟期末期至蜡熟期为显症高峰期。在我国茎腐病的症状主要是由腐霉菌和镰孢菌引起的青枯和黄枯为主。 相似文献
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茎基腐病是危害河南省夏玉米的主要病害,已成为制约玉米持续增产的重要因素。本文介绍了茎基腐病的症状、致病病原菌和发病规律,分析了致病原因,并提出了科学的防治措施,以期为玉米茎基腐病的预防及防治提供参考。 相似文献
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Heri Santoso Totok Gunawan Retnadi Heru Jatmiko Witjaksana Darmosarkoro Budiman Minasny 《Precision Agriculture》2011,12(2):233-248
The application of remote sensing technology and precision agriculture in the oil palm industry is in development. This study
investigated the potential of high resolution QuickBird satellite imagery, which has a synoptic overview, for detecting oil
palms infected by basal stem rot disease and for mapping the disease. Basal stem rot disease poses a major threat to the oil
palm industry, especially in Indonesia. It is caused by Ganoderma boninense and the symptoms can be seen on the leaf and basal stem. At present there is no effective control for this disease and early
detection of the infection is essential. A detailed, accurate and rapid method of monitoring the disease is needed urgently.
This study used QuickBird imagery to detect the disease and its spatial pattern. Initially, oil palm and non oil palm object
segmentation based on the red band was used to map the spatial pattern of the disease. Secondly, six vegetation indices derived
from visible and near infrared bands (NIR) were used for to identify palms infected by the disease. Finally, ground truth
from field sampling in four fields with different ages of plant and degrees of infection was used to assess the accuracy of
the remote sensing approach. The results show that image segmentation effectively delineated areas infected by the disease
with a mapping accuracy of 84%. The resulting maps showed two patterns of the disease; a sporadic pattern in fields with older
palms and a dendritic pattern in younger palms with medium to low infection. Ground truth data showed that oil palms infected
by basal stem rot had a higher reflectance in the visible bands and a lower reflectance in the near infrared band. Different
vegetation indices performed differently in each field. The atmospheric resistant vegetation index and green blue normalized
difference vegetation index identified the disease with an accuracy of 67% in a field with 21 year old palms and high infection
rates. In the field of 10 year old palms with medium rates of infection, the simple ratio (NIR/red) was effective with an
accuracy of 62% for identifying the disease. The green blue normalized difference vegetation index was effective in the field
of 10 years old palms with low infection rates with an accuracy of 59%. In the field of 15 and 18 years old palms with low
infection rates, all the indices showed low levels of accuracy for identifying the disease. This study suggests that high
resolution QuickBird imagery offers a quick, detailed and accurate way of estimating the location and extent of basal stem
rot disease infections in oil palm plantations. 相似文献
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Abdullah F Ilias G N M 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):391-391
The palm, Elaeis guineensis, has its origins in Africa but is planted on a commercial basis in several countries Statistics for 2002 showed that in the lead for land mass under oil palm cultivation is Indonesia, at 3,769,000 ha, followed by Malaysia at 3,376,000 ha; however, the world‘s leading 相似文献
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为有效利用引自国际玉米小麦改良中心的175份六倍体小黑麦材料,采用SDS-PAGE电泳方法对其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成进行了分析。结果表明,这些材料的HMW-GS类型丰富,在Glu-A1,Glu-B1和Glu-Rx三个位点上分别检测到3种、4种和7种不同的亚基类型;在Glu-A1位点Null 亚基出现的频率最高,为49.14%,其次为1和2* 频率分别为30.29%和20.57%;在Glu-B1位点13+16亚基出现的频率最高,为45.71 %;黑麦染色体编码的亚基主要是21*和22*。共检测到27种HMW-GS组合类型,其中(N,21*,13+16)、(N,21*,14+15,22*)、(1,21*,13+16,22*)、(N,21*,7+8)和(1,21*,13+16)出现的频率较高,分别为10.29%、9.14%、8.57%、6.29%和5.71%。 相似文献
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中国有着丰富的悬钩子属植物资源。近几年来,随着国内外分子生物学研究方法的不断提高和完善,国外对悬钩子属的植物深入研究取得了较好的效果。而国内利用分子生物学手段研究该属植物的报道还较少或欠深入。综合有关文献,笔者综述了国内外悬钩子属植物DNA分子标记技术应用情况和主要的研究领域,遗传图谱构建及基因定位的最新研究进展,并对其研究前景进行了讨论。认为既要看到各种分子标记方法在悬钩子属植物生物学许多领域得到了广泛的应用,并取得很好的效果,也要充分估计这些分子标记方法在使用过程中具有局限性。文章指出,根据不同的研究目的以及研究对象,采取不同的分子标记方法是研究取得成功的关键。同时,选择适当的分子生物学手段对悬钩子属植物进行广泛和深入研究,对该属植物不论是在生产上的应用,还是生物多样性的保护方面都有不可估量的作用。 相似文献
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利用分离自石斛兰叶片的植物内生细菌凝结芽胞杆菌R14和地衣芽胞杆菌R21对引起石斛兰叶斑病的串珠镰孢菌B10b开展了生物防治研究.平板对峙法显示R14和R21在PDA平板上对B10b的抑菌带宽分别为4.94mm和6.33mm,镜检发现两株细菌处理后的B10b菌丝均表现为畸形,膨胀破裂,内含物外流,并且产生畸形分生孢子;两株芽胞杆菌的发酵液对B10b菌株分生孢子的萌发具有明显抑制作用,其EC50分别为538.270μA/ml、498.884μl/ml.温室防治试验显示,R14和R21喷施石斛兰叶片,对由B10b引起的石斛兰叶斑病的最高防效分别达到70.13%和67.53%. 相似文献
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分别在棉田和茶园开展了添加不同浓度的竹醋液对5%氟铃尿防治斜纹夜蛾1~2龄幼虫和10%吡虫啉防治茶小绿叶蝉的增效研究,结果表明:5%氟铃尿添加稀释400倍竹醋液防治斜纹夜蛾1~2龄幼虫,施药后7d增效作用显著,施用农药推荐剂量的一半可达到推荐剂量的防效。10%吡虫啉添加稀释400倍竹醋液防治茶园茶小绿叶蝉,施药后1d、3d和7d、11d增效作用均显著,施药后1d、3d施用农药推荐剂量的一半可达到推荐剂量的防效,但添加稀释600倍竹醋液,施药后1d增效作用显著,施药后3d、7d和11d增效作用不显著。 相似文献