乐都杂种猪血清淀粉酶活测定

对青海省乐都县６５头杂种猪的因清淀粉酶活性进行了测定，结果表明：乐都杂种猪血清淀粉酶活性为２８０．５３ＩＵ／Ｌ；仔猪的淀粉酶活性与肥育猪的无显著差异。     

杜长梅与杜长大杂交组合生产性能与胴体品质的研究

测定杜长梅和杜长大杂交组合的繁殖、肥育性能、胴体品质与肉质。测定猪数两个组合分别为52头和93头母猪及其年产全部后代（总计4026头）。结果表明仔猪28日龄断乳，年产均达2.43胎。杜长梅组合每胎产仔13.89头，60日龄育成13.2头，窝重244.2kg，年育成仔猪32头；杜长大组合相应为11.26头、10.4头、212kg和25.4头。杜长梅杂种猪（20～90kg）肥育期日增重752.7g，料重比3.10(39.55MJ），初生～90kg饲养期仅157d；杜长大杂种猪相应781.2g、2.77(35.34MJ）、149.6d。杜长梅杂种猪瘦肉率为58.79%，肉色2.8分、pH6.6、失水率6.4%；杜长杂种猪相应为65.4%、2.5分、6.38和12.7%。     

母猪繁殖力与仔猪生产效益研究

选不同比例梅山猪血缘（1／4，3／4，1／2，1）杂种母猪和大白母猪共131头，在同一饲养条件下，对母猪的繁殖力和饲料消耗连续测定5个繁殖周期，研究母猪繁殖力高低对仔猪生产效益的影响，结果表明，梅山猪及其杂种母猪产仔数，断奶仔猪数显著高于大白母猪（P＜0．01），经产1／4梅山，3／4梅山，1／2梅山，梅山的产全数分别比大白母猪多1．5，1．9，4．5，4．1头，断奶仔猪数分别多1．9，1．8，3．5，2．7头；梅山猪及其杂种母猪繁殖周期总耗料比大白猪少（P＜0．01），梅山和1／2梅山母猪的仔猪生产成本最低，产仔数和断奶仔猪与母猪繁殖周期耗料呈线性变化，与仔猪每头分摊耗料呈倒数曲线变化。     

浙江省乐清县白象区推广毛猪经济杂交初步总結

利用豹克夏种猪与本地猪配种,产仔率方面提高20％。本地猪平均每窝产仔猪7.6头,杂交时每窝产仔猪9.8头。在仔猪生长率方面提高31％。至断奶时止本地猪全窝平均每日增重1斤15两4,杂种猪全窝平均每日增重3斤5两1。肥育后杂种猪比本地猪体重增加88％。屠宰率方面杂交猪比本地猪增加2％。前者为77％,后者为75％。     

宰前15天配方对杜长大肥育猪肉质性能的影响初探

石亚中等报道，选择来源相同的杜长大三元杂种肥育猪（85kg）48头，对照组和试验组各24头（公母各半），对照组全期均用普通全价料，试验组在宰前15d用维生素E互作配方（维生素E100mg／kg、碳酸氢钠O．2％、维生素C800mg／d）。     

山西瘦肉型猪新品系肉质特性的研究

对活重达９０ｋｇ时的３６头猪，其中２４头ＳＤ－１系继代选育４世代猪和１２头双杂交猪，ＬＬＷ×ＤＳＤ，［父本为长白猪（Ｌ）×大白猪（ＬＷ）的杂种１代（ＬＬＷ），母本为杜洛克（Ｄ）×ＳＤ－１系猪（ＳＤ）的杂种１代（ＤＳＤ）］肉质特性的研究表明ＳＤ－１系猪及其杂种猪肉质良好。杂交及肥育后期限制日粮能量水平在提高胴体瘦肉率的同时可导致肉质一定程度的下降。相关分析表明，各肉质性状间的相关均较低，但肉质与胴体瘦肉率有较密切的联系，表现出随胴体瘦肉率提高而有肉质下降的趋势。     

糖萜素对杜长大杂种猪生长性能及肉质的影响

为研究糖萜素对杜长大杂种猪生长性能及肉质的影响,试验选取胎次和日龄相近、生长发育良好、体重在20 kg左右杜长大三元杂种仔猪30头,公母对半,随机分为3组,即对照组、糖萜素组、益生素组,每组10头,试验期为120 d,肥育并进行屠宰性能测定。结果表明,在生长肥育猪饲粮中添加糖萜素,能明显减少疾病,提高猪生长速度,降低料重比;屠宰测定表明,糖萜素能提高肥育猪屠宰性能,改善猪肉品质。     

商品瘦肉猪综合饲养技术

仔猪质量对肥育效果具有很大的影响，在我国的肉猪生产中，大多利用二元或三元杂种仔猪进行肥育，因为杂种猪具有生长速度快、饲料利用率高、体质健壮等优点。所用的二元杂种，大多是以我国地方猪种或培育猪种为母本，与引进的国外品种猪为父本杂交产生；三元杂种猪大多是以我国地方猪种或培养猪种为母本，与引进的国外品种猪作父本的杂种一代母猪作母本，再与引进的国外肉用型品种作终端父本杂交而产生。我国各地通过多年来的试验筛选和生产应用，     

来稿摘登

■以二花脸为母本的“二洋一土”杂种猪肥育测定在大约克×长白×二花脸和长白×大约克×二花脸两组合中，各选5窝仔猪，每窝按体重随机选3公3母计30头参加肥育测定。这里二花脸系太湖猪一个类群，大约克系加系，长白系新丹系。肥育测定猪饲粮由玉米、米糠、麸皮、鱼粉、豆粕和5％添加剂预混料组成，前期（45天）DE13.12MJ/kg,CP17.58％，后期（60天）DE13.15MJ/kg，CP15.58％，日喂3次不限量，自动饮水。肥育结束每组各抽取6公6母屠宰测定。结果如表1。（215500江苏省常熟市畜禽良种场顾炯）■微生态制剂对生长猪的效应试验2002年4～5…     

低磷饲粮中苯甲酸和植酸酶对生长肥育猪骨特征的影响

在两个同时进行的试验（试验1和试验2）中，测定了低磷饲粮中添加苯甲酸（BA）和植酸酶（Phy）对生长猪和生长肥育猪骨代谢、骨成分和骨稳定性的影响。试验l选择16头体重25-66kg的杂种小母猪，而试验2使用32头体重25-108kg的杂种小母猪。所有猪单栏饲养，整个试验期严格饲喂4种饲粮中的一种。小麦一豆粕型饲粮的总磷含量是0．4％（所有数值都以饲喂状态为基础）。     

Hematology and clinical chemistry values of normal and euthymic hairless adult male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Hematology and serum chemistry measurements were performed on blood specimens from 12 male Dunkin-Hartley hairless guinea pigs Crl:IAF(HA)BR and 10 haired Dunkin-Hartley male guinea pigs Crl:(HA)BR. Significantly higher activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, and creatine kinase were observed in the hairless guinea pigs as compared to the haired strain. Alkaline phosphatase activity was found to be lower in the hairless guinea pig. The hairless guinea pigs were found to have serum urea concentrations approximately 46% higher than the normal guinea pig strain. The erythrocytic mean cell volume of the hairless strain was found to be smaller, with a greater hemoglobin content. Hairless guinea pigs were found to have approximately 40% fewer leukocytes with a reversed lymphocyte:neutrophil ratio compared to the haired guinea pigs which had much higher lymphocyte counts.     

杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪和梅山猪组合配套杂交商品猪屠宰性能和肉质性状研究

为研究杜洛克猪(D)、长白猪(L)、大白猪(Y)和梅山猪(M)组合的配套杂交商品猪(DLYM)的胴体品质和肉质特性,本试验对其屠宰性能和肉质性状进行了系统测定。结果表明,DLYM瘦肉率为53.97%±6.82%;平均背膘厚为3.32 cm±0.52 cm;眼肌面积为46.01 cm²±3.14 cm²;屠宰后45 min的pH₁为6.69±0.52;熟化24 h后pH₂为5.68±0.74;屠宰后45 min光反射值为41.59±4.24;屠宰后24 h光反射值为49.42±5.61;大理石纹为2.33±0.07;滴水损失为3.58%±0.25%;剪切力为4.82 kg±1.36 kg。综合测定结果表明,DLYM杂交商品猪瘦肉率适中,在肉质性状和胴体品质方面表现突出,非常适应西南地区对优质猪肉的需求,达到了胴体与肉质平衡发展的需求,是一种简洁高效的优质杂交组合模式。     

Serum total amylase activity and its isoenzyme fractions in newborn pigs with relation to growth and iron dextran-treatment.

Serum amylase activity was analyzed chromogenically (blue starch method) and its isoenzyme was separated by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis in newborn pigs comparing with those in adult pigs. Serum amylase activity in newborn pigs was about one half of adults' and increased with age. Serum amylase isoenzymes were separated into 4 fractions from the cathode. The isoenzymes were also classified in 5 types on the basis of the combination of these 4 fractions. Incidences of the fractions and the types were not significantly different between adults and newborns. After the iron dextran treatment, serum amylase activity as well as levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and packed cell volume increased. The rates of increase in hemoglobin and packed cell volume were more significant in the double treatment group than in the single treatment group, while serum amylase activity increased similarly in these 2 groups. The increase in serum amylase activity seemed to indicate that the development of amylase-producing organs was reinforced by the iron compound treatment. It is thought that serum amylase activity may be an indicator of healthy growth in newborn pigs.     

紫花苜蓿对高寒山区杂交猪育肥性能的影响

试验选择大白猪（加×美）二元杂种猪24头（仔猪3～4周龄断奶,保育到8周龄）,随机分为对照组、苜蓿Ⅰ组和苜蓿Ⅱ组,每组8头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮＋3%苜蓿、基础日粮＋6%苜蓿,试验期内在同一条件下进行饲养试验对其育肥性能、屠宰测定及肉质品质进行测定。试验结果表明：苜蓿Ⅰ组能够提高外二元猪育肥效果,苜蓿Ⅰ组和苜蓿Ⅱ组对背膘厚和皮厚也略有降低,添加3%和6%的苜蓿对其他屠宰性能及肉质品质影响不显著（P〉0.05）。由试验结果得出,在毕节高寒地区可以利用添加3%苜蓿比例的饲料对外二元杂交猪进行育肥。     

四川黑猪适宜能量蛋白水平的研究

选择96头70日龄四川黑猪随机分成3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8头猪,饲养于同一个圈,在生长猪（25～60kg）和育肥猪（60～100kg）阶段分别随机饲喂3种日粮（3个能量水平、2个蛋白水平）,以便探明生长肥育阶段四川黑猪的适宜能量和蛋白水平。试验结果表明：四川黑猪在生长猪和育肥猪阶段,生产性能表现较好的日粮营养水平分别为消化能3.2Mcal/kg、粗蛋白15%和消化能3.3Mcal/kg、粗蛋白14%。     

撒坝猪血清淀粉酶多态性与生长速度关系的研究

本研究采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对１１５头撒坝猪血清淀粉酶（Ａｍ）多态性进行了检测,并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对不同淀粉酶基因型与生长速度的关系进行了分析。结果表明,所检测到的血清淀粉酶ＡＡ、ＡＢ和ＢＢ３种基因型的频率分别为０．１７３９、０．４２６１和０．４０００,两个等位基因Ａ和Ｂ的频率分别为０．３８７０和０．６１３０,未发现Ｃ基因。该位点的遗传多样性指数为０．４７４４。在３种基因型中,ＢＢ型个体的６月龄体重、２～６月龄日增重和４～６月龄日增重最高,且淀粉酶基因型与性别之间在２０日龄体重、４月龄体重、６月龄体重、０～２０日龄日增重、２～４月龄日增重、２～６月龄日增重和４～６月龄日增重等性状上存在着明显的互作效应,显示出血清淀粉酶多态性作为增重速度的遗传标记以进行标记辅助选择的可能性     

猪伪狂犬病三基因缺失疫苗(SA215株)的免疫效果观察

进一步验证伪狂犬病三基因缺失疫苗SA215株通过肌肉注射接种后对妊娠母猪、育肥猪、仔猪的安全性和生产成绩。试验证实：仔猪免疫后生长良好，未观测到仔猪出现体温升高：呼吸道症状和消化道症状；母猪免疫后能提高产仔成绩（窝平均成活数高2．98头）和成活率平均为97．36％；对70日龄商品猪免疫接种后，经过近100d育肥，其出栏重增加20．83％；发生伪狂犬病的猪场猪肌注本品48～72h后能控制疾病的发生。     

巴马香猪杂交后代胴体品质效果分析

本文以纯种巴马香猪、野公猪与巴马香猪的杂交1代猪和大约克夏公猪与巴马香猪的杂交1代猪为研究对象,饲养至8月龄达45 kg左右屠宰,对比分析了不同猪种与巴马香猪的杂交1代商品猪的胴体品质和肉质性状相关指标。结果表明,不同猪种与巴马香猪杂交后代与纯种巴马香猪的屠宰性能相关指标差异不显著（P>0.05）;肉质性状相关指标除眼肌面积存在显著差异（P<0.05）外,其他指标均呈现差异不显著（P>0.05）;大约克夏公猪与巴马香猪杂交1代猪的肉色C值显著低于野公猪与巴马香猪杂交1代猪和纯种巴马香猪（P<0.05）。综合分析发现,采用杂交方式繁殖商品猪,对巴马香猪的胴体品质（如背膘厚）和肉质（眼肌面积）有一定的改良作用。     

Opportunities and challenges for smallholder pig production systems in a mountainous region of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China

China’s small-scale pig keepers are the largest community of pork producers worldwide. About 56 % of the world's pigs originate from such systems, each producing 2–5 head per year. This study analyzes pig smallholders in Xishuangbanna, a prefecture of Yunnan Province. Categorical principal component analysis and two-step cluster analysis were used to identify three main production systems: livestock-corn-based (LB; 41 %), rubber based (RB; 39 %), and pig based (PB; 20 %) systems. RB farms earn high income from rubber and fatten cross-bred pigs, often using purchased feeds. PB farms own similar-sized rubber plantations and raise pigs, with fodder mainly being cultivated and collected in the forest. LB farms grow corn, rice, and tea while also raising pigs, fed with collected and cultivated fodder as well. About one third of pigs were marketed (LB, 20 %; RB, 42 %; PB, 25 %), and local pig meat is highly appreciated in the nearby town. High mortality, low reproductive performance, and widespread malnourishment are the systems' main constraints. Basic training in hygiene and reproduction management could significantly increase production; most effective measures would be counterbalancing seasonal malnourishment and exploration of locally available protein feeds. Through support by external expertise, farmers could more effectively trade their pigs at lucrative town markets.     

沙子岭猪肉质性状与肉的成分测定

结合沙子岭猪肥育试验,在屠宰测定时分别取样测定了高低营养水平组的肉质、肉的化学成分、肌肉中氨基酸含量及肌纤维特性。结果表明,所测的各项指标(肉质性状6个、化学成分4项、氨基酸15种、肌纤维2项),高低营养水平组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。与其它猪种比较发现,沙子岭猪具有pH值适宜、肉色鲜红(正常)、系水力高、熟肉率高、贮存损失少、肌纤维细、肌内脂肪含量适中、氨基酸营养价值较高等许多特点。建议以肌肉酸度、肉色、系水力、肌纤维细度、肌内脂肪作为评定沙子岭猪肉质的主要指标。