膨胀土地基工程设计的体会

膨胀土地基在建筑设计中非常重要。如地基发生变形,整栋楼房就要开裂、倒塌,膨胀土地基的胀缩变形是由于地基土的胀缩性及其含水量的变化引起的,因此,作者着重地论述了建筑物开裂主要原因是由:1.建筑场地土的胀缩性能及其分布的不均匀性;2.促使地基土含水量变化的外界条件;3.建筑物抵抗或适应地基不均匀变形的能力所造成的。     

东北寒冷地区高等级公路软土地基沉降计算与分析

东北地区的软土地基沉降除了具有变形大、不均匀沉降大、沉降稳定历时较长的特点外。受地质和气候因素影响也较大，这极大地影响了道路的长期稳定和安全使用。这里结合塑料板排水法在东北寒区高等级公路软土地基处理中的应用研究课题，利用哈尔滨绕城高速公路软土地基沉降观测资料，分析了影响沉降的主要原因，利用二种计算方法对软土地基进行沉降计算井做了讨论分析，得出较为符合工程实际的结论。     

高等级公路容许工后不均匀沉降指标的研究

软土地基在路堤荷载作用下，会发生工后沉降。本文从公路纵坡、横坡的要求分析，提出工后不均匀沉降指标。     

软土地基上构造物与路堤不均匀沉降的处理方法

高等级公路的路基填土一般较高,在软土地基上修筑高填土路堤必然会引起地基的较大沉降,而在遇到桥涵、通道等构造物时将产生较大的不均匀沉降,形成“错台”等病害,因此,就需要采取有效处理方法消除或减少不均匀沉降的发生。本文针对当前高等级公路修建中常采用的几种方法加以评述,并认为多种方法并用的综合处理能得到较满意的效果。     

浅谈CFG桩地基处理及工程实例

水泥搅拌桩复合地基处治深厚层软土能够有效减少路堤工后沉降,增加路基稳定,提高地基承载力,施工快速方便。90年代以来在我国公路工程软基处理中得到广泛应用。但越来越多的工程实践表明该方法加固有机质含量较高的地基效果不明显,水泥土强度一般较低,往往达不到设计要求。     

石灰碎石桩处理软土地基设计

针对路堤填筑在稻田地基上的情况,为避免路基产生长期不均匀沉降,保证本段路基填土质量,采用石灰碎石桩措施进行处理。     

碎石桩法处理软土地基在公路工程中的应用

在软土地基进行工程建筑时，常常会遇到两方面的工程地质问题，即地基土的承载力不足和建筑物产生过大的沉降。特别是旧路改建工程，由于软土孔隙比大、渗透系数小、沉降稳定时间长、很容易造成新旧路堤的不均匀沉降，因此，需要采取相应的治理措施。从工程实际出发．较为系统地阐述了碎石桩法在公路工程中处理软土地基的加固机理、设计方法，并采用应力面积法对加固前后地基土的最终沉降量进行了计算，同时采用了砂井地基的固结理论着重分析了碎石桩法对软土地基渗透固结的影响。     

拓宽道路常见病害与处治

不均匀沉降、开裂是拓宽道路常见病害,特别是在软土地基地段。现结合昆明市某条道路整治工程实例,介绍拓宽道路设计与施工中有关的注意事项及处治方法。     

关于膨胀土地基工程设计问题初探

膨胀土地基上建筑物的开裂破坏是较为常见的现象,对建筑物的危害较大。如何在工程设计中防止这种现象的出现,则是工程设计人员所关注的重要问题之一。 膨胀土地基上建筑物因地基问题引起的开裂破坏与其他地基一样,主要是因地基不均匀变形所致。所不同的是,非膨胀土地基的不均匀变形主要是由于上部结构荷重和地     

砖混结构墙体裂缝的原因及其防治

作者总结多年工作经验,总结出黑龙江省墙体发生裂缝的原因主要是地基的不均匀沉降、地基及基础的冻害、温差变化影响及砌体本身承载能力不够等四方面造成的,通过分析其原因,提出相应的防治方法。     

三层实木复合地板不对称结构对翘曲变形的影响

对三层实木复合地板的板坯结构和面层涂饰所导致的不对称结构对翘曲变形的影响研究结果表明:在板坯结构上,提高表层板材的厚度或者减小底层单板厚度,能减少变形产生。其中,提高表层板材厚度效果较为显著;在面层涂饰上,通过对底层单板进行涂饰或覆膜处理,也能有效减少翘曲变形。     

弹性地基上厚板的一般解

考虑板的横向剪切变形及板的横向法向应变和弹性地基影响,提出在弹性地基上厚板的二维弹性动力学近似理论．导出了弯曲问题的控制方程,其通解用两个无向函数表示,同时得出控制方程的解析解,并给出数值结果．     

大型原油储库地基处理中CFG桩的设计理论及工程应用

某大型原油储库地基处理设计原计划采用振冲碎石桩复合地基,但存在质量控制困难、工期较长等因素影响,加固效果不理想,达不到设计要求,根据场地和施工技术条件,确定采用CFG桩复合地基处理方法。考虑油罐地基处理方案的重点在于地基的承载力、变形,尤其是不均匀变形,通过对场地条件的分析,按强度和变形双重控制理论进行了设计。工程试验表明,在本场地所采用的复合地基设计方案是合适的,可作为同类工程借鉴。     

刚性复合地基在人防地下室设计中的应用

文章介绍某人防地下室刚性桩复合地基的设计,着重对刚性桩复合地基的承载力、变形和褥垫层设置等进行分析计算,并给出相应的建议,供设计、施工时参考.通过工程竣工后使用情况及实测结果的研究,表明刚性桩复合地基是一种较经济的基础形式,能取得良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Hygromechanical behaviour of wooden composites

Summary The objective of this research is to study the moisture deformation of densified in technological pressing wooden composite materials. By generalizing Cosserat's couple-stress theory a structural model for determination of mid-surface strains and curvatures of composite board taking into account asymmetric structure and nonuniform distribution of moisture as well as nonlinear swelling functions of the wooden stuff and dependence of strain characteristics on moisture content is developed. On the basis of a laminate analogy the optimum flake or veneer alignment in board has been estimated for the real composite production process. According to analysis performed, the optimum alignment for hygromechanical properties may not coincide with that for mechanical properties, and for every type of loading, material with a definite structure should be used.     

Simple analytical methods to predict one- and two-dimensional drying stresses and deformations in lumber

This study was conducted to develop analytical models for the prediction of drying stresses and defomations in lumber. Both one- and two-dimensional analytical models were developed with two assumptions: the visco-elastic creep could be neglected, and the diffusion coefficient is constant with moisture changes. The method developed in this study showed that the drying stress of lumber with symmetric moisture profile could be approximately predicted using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) models. In the case of the 1D model, drying deformations could be determined rather easy and the drying stress can even be predicted by hand calculation. The results of this study might be used for lumber with an asymmetric moisture profile. In order to predict more accurately drying stress and deformation across overall moisture changes, however, this procedure should be incorporated with the other moisture transport models and might be extended to a 3D model.     

复合地基加固法中的CFG桩的设计与应用

从复合地基的基本概念、分类、加固机理出发,着重阐述复合地基加固法中的CFG桩的加固机理、适应范围、设计原则及计算方法、施工工艺选择和质量检验。提出在公路工程软土地基处治中可采用CFG桩,并得出CFG桩施工工艺简单、适应范围广,所用材料是在碎石桩的基础上加入少量的水泥和粉煤灰,受力特性与水泥搅拌桩类似。它可用于杂填土、饱和及非饱和粘性土、粉土、砂性土及湿陷性黄土地基中,以提高地基承载力和减少地基变形。只是当原地基承载力标准值fk≤50kPa时其适用性值得考虑。若以挤密或消除液化为目的时,采用CFG桩是不经济的。     

Variability with xylem depth in sap flow in trunks and branches of mature olive trees

Knowledge of sap flow variability in tree trunks is important for up-scaling transpiration from the measuring point to the whole-tree and stand levels. Natural variability in sap flow, both radial and circumferential, was studied in the trunks and branches of mature olive trees (Olea europea L., cv Coratina) by the heat field deformation method using multi-point sensors. Sapwood depth ranged from 22 to 55 mm with greater variability in trunks than in branches. Two asymmetric types of sap flow radial patterns were observed: Type 1, rising to a maximum near the mid-point of the sapwood; and Type 2, falling continuously from a maximum just below cambium to zero at the inner boundary of the sapwood. The Type 1 pattern was recorded more often in branches and smaller trees. Both types of sap flow radial patterns were observed in trunks of the sample trees. Sap flow radial patterns were rather stable during the day, but varied with soil water changes. A decrease in sap flow in the outermost xylem was related to water depletion in the topsoil. We hypothesized that the variations in sap flow radial pattern in a tree trunk reflects a vertical distribution of water uptake that varies with water availability in different soil layers.     

Measurement of the shear modulus of wood by asymmetric four-point bending tests

We conducted asymmetric four-point bending tests of wood and obtained the shear moduli on the basis of Timoshenko's theory of bending. Akamatsu (Japanese red pine,Pinus densiflora D. Don) and shioji (Japanese ash,Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh.) were used for the tests. Asymmetric four-point bending tests were undertaken by varying the depth/span ratios; and Young's modulus and the shear modulus were calculated by Timoshenko's bending theory. Independent of the asymmetric bending tests, we also conducted three-point bending tests, free-freeflexural vibration tests, and numerical calculations by the finite element method. Young's and shear moduli obtained by these methods were compared with those derived from the asymmetric bending tests. Based on these comparisons, we concluded that the shear modulus can be properly obtained by the asymmetric four-point bending tests when the span is 20 times larger than the depth.     

喜树碱全合成方法的研究进展

指出了喜树碱与10-羟基喜树碱是一类具有抗癌作用的生物碱，此类生物碱的不对称全合成方法成为国内外研究热点。概述了近几年有关喜树碱与10-羟基喜树碱提纯与不对称全合成的方法，旨在为有机合成工作者提供参考。