凝固型火龙果果汁酸奶的工艺配方研究

在凝固型酸奶的制作过程中添加火龙果果汁,结合单因素试验的结果,采用正交试验的方法,优化白砂糖添加量、发酵剂添加量、火龙果果汁添加量和发酵时间的工艺配方。感官评分结果显示,凝固型火龙果果汁酸奶的最佳工艺配方为白砂糖添加量2%,发酵剂添加量0.25%,发酵时间10 h,火龙果果汁添加量9%,按此配方工艺制作出的凝固型火龙果果汁酸奶综合感官品质最佳。     

云南小粒咖啡果皮粉发酵酸奶的研制

以鲜牛奶为主要原料,添加云南小粒咖啡果皮粉、蔗糖、琼脂,直投式发酵菌种为发酵剂,以酸奶感官品质评分为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,应用Box-Behnken试验设计优化确定最佳的云南小粒咖啡果皮粉发酵酸奶的工艺与配方。结果表明:咖啡果皮粉添加量为鲜奶量的0.63%,蔗糖为鲜奶量的7.50%,琼脂为鲜奶量的0.55%,发酵时间6.6h时,获得的发酵酸奶的感官品质评分为91分,产品组织状态均匀,口感细腻,略带有咖啡香味,感官评价最佳。     

刺葡萄酸奶发酵工艺的优化

以纯牛奶、刺葡萄汁为原料,川秀乳酸菌作为发酵剂,白砂糖作为甜味剂,乳清蛋白作为营养强化剂,羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯作为稳定剂,酸奶感官品质作为评定指标,通过单因素及正交试验,确定刺葡萄酸奶最优发酵工艺参数为：刺葡萄汁添加量7%,白砂糖添加量5%,发酵时间7 h,发酵温度42 ℃,在此发酵工艺条件下制备的刺葡萄酸奶风味独特、品质好。     

胡萝卜饮用型风味酸奶配方工艺的研究

为满足市场需求及企业技术需要,以胡萝卜发酵原浆、生牛乳为原料,开发了一种具有特殊风味的胡萝卜酸奶。采用单因素试验法分别考查蔗糖添加量、胡萝卜发酵原浆添加量、发酵剂接种量和发酵时间对酸奶感官品质的影响;并使用L9(34)正交试验优化得到胡萝卜饮用型风味酸奶的最优配方工艺参数为发酵胡萝卜原浆添加量8%,白砂糖添加量8%,发酵剂接种量3%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间6 h。结果表明,在此条件下制备的胡萝卜饮用型风味酸奶口感细腻顺滑、黏稠适中、酸甜可口、发酵香气浓郁,具有胡萝卜特有的风味,其综合感官评分为96分,成品酸度为74°T,黏度为1 351 map·s。在保留胡萝卜营养风味的基础上,丰富了其应用及酸奶的种类,为后续胡萝卜饮用型风味酸奶的加工生产提供理论基础和技术支撑。     

铜仁珍珠花生糯米凝固型酸奶加工工艺优化

以花生、糯米和牛奶为主要原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化花生糯米凝固型酸奶加工工艺。结果表明,花生糯米凝固型酸奶的最佳工艺参数为：花生和糯米质量比1∶1（g/g）,花生糯米与水复配质量比1∶4.5（g/g）,花生糯米浆添加量20%,白砂糖添加量10%,酸奶发酵剂添加量0.05%,发酵温度41 ℃,发酵时间6 h,冷藏后熟,得到营养丰富、风味独特的花生糯米凝固型酸奶。     

火龙果果粒酸奶加工工艺研究

以牛奶火龙果和红心火龙果为主要原料、以保加利亚乳杆菌(L.bulgaricus)和嗜热链球菌(S.thermophilus)混合物为发酵剂、以果葡糖浆为甜味剂进行单因素试验,基本确定了影响火龙果果粒酸奶的4个单因素最佳值,即发酵剂添加量10%,果葡糖浆添加量12%,发酵时间6 h,果粒果汁添加量15%。然后通过正交试验得出,火龙果果粒酸奶最佳工艺条件为果粒果汁添加量5%,果葡糖浆添加量14%,发酵时间4 h,发酵剂添加量8%,发酵温度42℃。以此工艺制备的火龙果果粒酸奶风味独特、营养丰富。     

刺梨酸奶的研制

以刺梨和脱脂奶粉为主要原料,旨在开发一种新型复合刺梨酸奶。根据酸奶的色泽、气味滋味和组织状态等感官指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面试验对刺梨酸奶的制备工艺进行优化。确定刺梨酸奶感官评定最佳得分的工艺条件为刺梨汁添加量4%,脱脂奶粉添加量15%,白砂糖添加量9%,发酵时间7 h,发酵温度43.5℃,感官评分为90.8±0.5分;粗蛋白含量为2.8%,菌落总数100 CFU/m L,未检测到致病菌,酸奶有刺梨果味,无异味,色泽鲜亮。     

椰枣保健酸奶的研制

以椰枣、奶粉为主要原料,采用正交试验,通过乳酸菌发酵研制而成一种风味独特、酸甜可口,集营养与保健于一体的保健酸奶。以感官评分为指标,通过正交试验,确定椰枣发酵乳的最优配方,通过单因素试验和正交试验的研究确定最优工艺参数:发酵温度42℃,发酵时间4 h,椰枣汁添加量9%,接种量4%,蔗糖添加量为8%,黄原胶添加量为0.08%。     

橙汁酸奶工艺配方研究

利用鲜榨橙汁、纯牛奶为主原料制作橙汁酸奶,研究橙汁添加量、白砂糖添加量、发酵剂添加量、发酵时间对酸奶品质的影响。以感官指标为评价依据,进行单因素试验和正交优化试验。结果表明,橙汁添加量8%,白砂糖添加量6%,接种量2%,发酵时间4.5 h时制得的橙汁酸奶综合品质最佳。     

响应面法优化富含L-乳酸小米发酵饮料的工艺研究

以小米为原料,采用打浆、糖化、液化、发酵等工艺制备富含L-乳酸的小米发酵饮料。研究发酵剂接种量、大豆分离蛋白添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间等因素对L-乳酸含量及感官评分的影响,采用响应面法优化工艺参数,确定最佳的工艺参数为发酵温度36.6℃,发酵剂接种量3.15%,氮源添加量2.86%,发酵时间7.76 h。由此得到L-乳酸含量为10.53 mg/mL,感官评分为88.3分。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio