水稻三系不育系优质高产繁殖技术

三系杂交水稻种子生产过程中,不育系种子质量是影响杂交水稻种子质量的关键因素之一。总结近几年三系不育系繁殖工作的经验,从基地选择、播种、移栽、去杂、收获等环节层层控制,确保不育系种子质量和产量,为三系杂交水稻种子生产提供高质量亲本种子作支撑。     

浅谈北方两系不育系选育方法

依据两系不育系的遗传理论及北方的气候特点,提出了北方两系不育系的选育目标。在不育基因来源上以不育起点温度低、长短光育性转换敏感、一般配合力强、特殊配合力好的材料为亲本,提出了对低代、高代不育材料的选择方法和解决高代不育系育性波动问题的办法,以期推动北方杂交粳稻的快速发展。     

两系杂交早稻与三系杂交早稻性状比较

分析了1986—2005年湖南省审(认)定的两系和三系杂交早稻情况,并以2001—2005年审定组合的区试资料为依据,比较了两系杂交早稻与三系杂交早稻之间的异同。与三系杂交早稻相比,两系杂交早稻具有产量较高、生育期较短、稻瘟病抗性较强等优势,但垩白粒率高,米质较差,植株偏高。无论三系还是两系组合,都需要缩短生育期、降低垩白粒率、提高抗病性特别是对稻瘟病的抗性。提出了提高杂交早稻单产需要解决的关键问题。     

7份白肋烟雄性不育系与同型可育系性状比较

以7份白肋烟雄性不育系与对应的同型可育系为供试材料,比较不育系与同型可育系的综合性状。结果表明,MSVA1053、MSVA1061、MSVA528、MSVA1050、MS鄂白010、MS鄂白001和MS建选3号等7份不育系遗传性状稳定,特征特性及综合性状与同型可育系一致,己转育成为各对应品种的雄性不育的同型系。     

北方两系不育系选育经验

辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所水稻优势研究室根据十多年来两系不育系的选育经验,基本形成了北方光敏核不育系的选择路线。利用北方所特有的温光资源条件,选育育性临界温度低的优质实用型不育系;在北方有限的生育期内,一年完成田间选择并在当地日光温室进代一次,再利用海南加代,完成一年田间鉴定和选择一次,进代两次的新方法,大大缩短了不育系的育成年限。     

A系较B系早始穗的野败型不育系095A育成

目前生产上应用的野败型三系不育系均具有保持系 (B)较不育系 (A)早始穗的特性 ,随种植季节的不同 ,保持系一般较不育系早 1～ 3d始穗。迄今 ,尚未见有A系较B系早始穗的报道。最近 ,我们转育定型的野败型不育系 0 95A则具有此特性。在同期播种、同期移栽的情况下 ,海南春季、嘉兴早季及翻秋三季 ,0 95A分别较 0 95B早始穗 4,3 ,5d。而对照珍汕 97B较珍汕 97A分别早始穗 2 ,3 ,3d。由于在不同的季节A系较B系早始穗的趋势一致 ,因此推断 0 95A表现的该特性应为遗传决定 ,而非环境条件影响所致。对A系较B系早始穗的现象在生产应用上的积…     

优质水稻三系不育系金泰A的选育

金泰A是福建农林大学作物科学学院选用高代优质保持系材料香混-9与优质三系保持系宜香1B杂交,F4代选单株与金山A-1测交并连续多代回交转育而成的野败籼型优质三系不育系。该不育系具有育性稳定、米质优、株叶形态好、柱头外露率高、可恢性好、杂种优势较强等特点,于2015年4月通过福建省品种审定委员会审定。     

籼稻三系不育系金福A的选育

金福A是萍乡市农业科学研究所与三亚金稻谷南繁种业有限公司用献改B系选后代685与天丰B杂交,F4代选优良单株与永6A测交并连续回交转育而成的新不育系。该不育系花粉败育彻底、株型矮而紧凑、异交习性优良、配合力好、杂种优势强,2014年9月通过海南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

籼型三系不育系家60A的选育

家60A是湖南省贺家山原种场用161-5B、中浙B、78B三交选育保持系,再与中浙A测交、回交转育而成的籼型三系不育系。2016年6月,该不育系及其所配组合家优111(家60A/R111)通过了湖南省农作物品种审定。介绍了该不育系的选育过程、特征特性、繁殖技术要点及配组应用情况。     

籼型光温敏两系不育系H153S的选育及应用

光温敏核不育系转育起点温度的高低是决定两系杂交水稻制种能否安全的关键因素之一,选育起点温度较低的光温敏核不育系可以显著提高两系杂交水稻制种纯度。本课题组利用系谱选育法,将播始历期较短、不育起点温度较高、农艺性状较好的两系不育系中间材料7HS006与播始历期较长、育性转换温度较低的绿102S进行杂交,选育出籼型两系不育系H153S,该不育系的不育起点温度较低,育性稳定,可繁性、农艺性状较好。H153S将在两系杂交水稻制种和推广中起重要的实际应用价值。     

抗瘟、高产杂交稻新品种广优2643的选育与应用

广优2643系福建省三明市农业科学研究所利用自育的三系不育系广抗13A与恢复系明恢2643配组育成的籼型杂交稻品种,具有丰产性好、抗稻瘟病等特点。2009年通过国家农作物品种审定和福建省农作物品种区域性（龙岩）审定。介绍了广优2643的选育经过、主要特征特性、栽培和制种技术要点。     

杂交稻新品种广优772烟后制种技术

广优772是福建禾丰种业有限公司、福建省农业科学院水稻研究所、三明市农业科学院利用广抗13A与福恢772配组育成的三系中籼杂交水稻品种,2015年通过福建省农作物品种审定。介绍了广优772亲本的特征特性及烟后制种技术。     

“九二〇”和插植本数对籼型不育系广抗13A繁种的影响

研究"九二〇"和插植本数对广抗13A繁种的影响。结果表明:每穗总粒数、产量在不同插植本数间有显著或极显著差异;喷施"九二〇"剂量及时期对包颈度、包颈粒数、包颈粒率、每穗总粒数、穴有效穗、产量等特性均产生显著影响;插植本数与喷施"九二〇"剂量及时期共同影响广抗13A抽穗集中程度;广抗13A的繁种产量与穴有效穗、结实率呈极显著正相关,与包颈度、包颈粒数、包颈粒率呈极显著负相关;双本配以始穗期1 d喷施"九二〇"180 g/hm2、始穗期3 d喷施"九二〇"180 g/hm2、始穗期5 d喷施"九二〇"120 g/hm2和三本配以始穗期1 d喷施"九二〇"60 g/hm2、始穗期3 d喷施"九二〇"60 g/hm2、始穗期5 d喷施"九二〇"120 g/hm2处理的产量效果较好。     

广优3186在清流作烟后稻种植表现及无公害高产栽培技术

广优3186是福建农林大学作物科学学院、福建省三明市农业科学研究所用广抗13A×金恢3186选育的杂交稻新品种,2012年通过福建省品种审定。2013—2014年引进清流示范种植表现抗病、高产、米质好特性,总结其作烟后稻种植表现及无公害高产栽培技术。     

杂交稻新品种广优3186特征特性及作烟后稻高产栽培技术

广优3186系福建农林大学作物科学学院、福建省三明市农业科学研究所利用广抗13A与金恢3186杂交选育而成的中籼三系杂交稻品种,2012年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2013年引进尤溪县作烟后稻种植,表现高产、适应性广、米质较优等特点。主要介绍了广优3186特征特性及在尤溪县作烟后稻的高产栽培技术。     

广优明118在长汀县试种表现及高产栽培技术

广优明118系三明市农科所用广抗13A与明恢118配组育成的高产抗病杂交中晚稻新品种。通过在长汀县各乡（镇）3 a示范种植,表现高产稳产、中抗稻瘟病、适应性广、米质较好等特点。栽培上要适时播种、培育壮秧、适时移栽、合理密植、科学管理肥水以及综防病虫害,以发挥其高产稳产品种特性。     

甘蓝型低芥酸油菜杂优13选育及性状选择

用雄性不育系陕２Ａ与早熟低芥亲本２２７３—３杂交，连续回交五代，获得了不育性状稳定的不育系８９Ａ。８９Ａ与恢复系９０—５９５Ｃ组配的强优组合杂优１３，具有早熟、抗寒、丰产稳产、低芥酸等特性。１９９１—１９９４年多点试验、示范结果，杂优１３平均亩产１８８．８ｋｇ，比秦油二号增产５．１％，早熟３—５天。     

Marine cyclotripeptide X-13 promotes angiogenesis in zebrafish and human endothelial cells via PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways

Cyclotripeptide X-13 is a core of novel marine compound xyloallenoide A isolated from mangrove fungus Xylaria sp. (no. 2508). We found that X-13 dose-dependently induced angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos and in human endothelial cells, which was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of eNOS and Akt and NO release. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/eNOS by LY294002 or L-NAME suppressed X-13-induced angiogenesis. The present work demonstrates that X-13 promotes angiogenesis via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathways.     

Physiological and molecular responses of seedlings of an upland rice (‘Tung Lu 3’) to total submergence compared to those of a submergence-tolerant lowland rice (‘FR13A’)

Background

Understanding the responses of rice to environmental stresses such as unscheduled submergence is of pressing important owing to increasing severity of weather thought to arise from global climate change. When rice is completely submerged, different types adopt either a quiescence survival strategy (i.e., minimal shoot elongation) or an escape strategy (i.e., enhanced shoot elongation). Each strategy can prolong survival depending on the circumstances. While submergence responses have been studied in rice typical of lowland and flood-prone areas, few studies have explored the physiological and molecular properties of upland rice under submergence. Here, we use seedlings of the upland rice ‘Tung Lu 3’ (‘TL3’) to analyze physiological and molecular responses to submergence. We compare them with those of ‘FR13A’, a lowland rice that tolerates submergence by adopting the quiescence strategy.

Results

Plant height and distance between leaf sheaths, increased rapidly in ‘TL3’ under submergence. Although this indicated a strong escape strategy the seedlings remained totally underwater for the duration of the experiments. In contrast, ‘FR13A’ elongated much less. Consequently, after 4 days complete submergence followed by drainage, ‘TL3’ lodged much more severely than ‘FR13A’. After 10 d complete submergence, 55% of ‘TL3’ seedlings survived compared to 100% in ‘FR13A’. Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll concentrations of the 2^nd oldest leaves of ‘TL3’ were also significantly above those of ‘FR13A’ (but were lower than ‘FR13A’ in the 3^rd oldest leaves) and less hydrogen peroxide accumulated in ‘TL3’. Peroxidase activity in submerged ‘TL3’ was also greater than in ‘FR13A’ 1 day after submergence. Quantitative RT–PCR showed increased expression of sucrose synthase 1 and alcohol dehydrogenases 1 after 2 days complete submergence with significantly higher levels in ‘TL3’ compared to ‘FR13A’. Expression was also higher in ‘TL3’ under non-submerged conditions.

Conclusions

The upland rice line ‘TL3’ gave a stronger elongation response than ‘FR13A’ to complete submergence. This escape strategy is widely considered to prejudice survival when the plant remains totally submerged. However, contrary to expectations, ‘TL3’ survival rates were substantial although below those for ‘FR13A’ while physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters linked to adaptation differed in detail but appeared to be broadly comparable. These findings highlight that submergence tolerance is determine not only by the adoption of quiescence or escape strategies but maybe by metabolic and physiological properties unrelated to the underwater elongation rate.

     

甘蓝型油菜KCS13基因克隆与组织表达特异性分析

通过巢式PCR和基因组步移方法,从油菜的基因组中获得一段长度为3 356bp的序列。分析显示,该序列包含了KCS13基因的编码序列和启动子,命名为甘蓝型油菜KCS13基因,其转录区全长为1 587bp,编码区长1 389bp,无内含子,编码一条长462个氨基酸的多肽链。在甘蓝型油菜A、C基因组中都有KCS13基因存在。该基因主要在花蕾中表达,茎、叶和种子中表达稍弱,根中未检测到该基因表达。