荒漠猫血液蛋白质和酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对５只荒漠猫（Ｆｅｌｉｓｂｉｅｔｉ）血液中的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），运铁蛋白（ＴＦ），亲血色蛋白（Ｈｐ）以及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ），淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ），酯酶（ＥＳ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，被检荒漠猫的ＴＦ，Ｈｐ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｓ－ＥＳ和Ｓ－ＡＬＰ共５个基因座存在多态性，ＨＢ，ＲＢＣ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＬＤＨ，ＲＢＣ－ＥＳ和ＲＢＣ－ＡＬＰ共６个基因座为单态，表明荒漠猫的血液蛋白质和酶具有颇大的遗传变异性     

山羊mtDNA多态性及其起源分化研究

本文用１４种识别６碱基的限制性内切酶ＡｐａⅠ、ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｇｌⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＤｒａⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＫｐｎⅠ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳａｃⅠ、ＳｍａⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ研究了来自我国１２个省和自治区共计１８个地方山羊品种２１８个体ｍｔＤＮＡ的ＲＦＬＰ,并运用Ｎｅｉ氏公式计算了各限制性类型间的遗传距离Ｐ和群丛遗传多态度π值。结果表明,在研究的所有个体中共检测到４１个酶切位点,１８种限制性态,其中Ｂ     

我国北方部分山羊品种mtDNA遗传多样性

用１２种认别６碱基的限制性内切酶Ａｐａ Ｉ、Ｂａｍ ＨＩ、Ｂｇ１ Ｉ、Ｅｃｏ ＲＩ、Ｅｃｏ ＲＶ、Ｋｐｎ Ｉ、Ｐｖｕ Ⅱ、Ｐｓｔ Ｉ、Ｓａｃ Ｉ、Ｃｌａ Ｉ和Ｘｈｏ Ｉ,研究了我国北方地区９个山羊品种和类群共计１１０个体线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＮＤＡ）的限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）,利用Ｎｅｉ氏公式计算了各基因单倍型间的遗传距离Ｐ、群体遗传多态性π值以及各群体间的净遗传距离,并利用ＵＰＧＭＡ方法对各     

猪FSHβ亚基基因RFLPs研究初报

本文用猪ＦＳＨβ基因ｃＤＮＡ作为探针,对二花脸猪、梅山猪、长白猪、大约克猪、香猪基因组ＤＮＡ进行ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＢａｍＨｉ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ三种性内切酶的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹分析,发现猪品种之间在该位点变异较大,而且发现ＦＳＨβ／ＲａｍＨＩＲＦＬＰｓ中,太湖猪表现出品种内一致性。本研究为进一步分析ＦＳＨ是否对太湖猪高的排卵率有影响了一定基础。     

中国荷斯坦牛κ-酪蛋白基因多态性与产奶量的相关分析

本文利用ＰＣＲ ＲＦＬＰＳ方法对２６头中国荷斯坦牛κ 酪蛋白基因进行分析，用ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＰｓｔⅠ酶切发现了多态性。分析κ 酪蛋白基因型与奶产量间的关系，第１胎ＢＢ基因型高于ＡＡ基因型，第２胎及总胎次ＡＡ基因型高于ＢＢ基因型。     

青海细毛羊生化遗传多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和火焰光度法对５０９只青海细毛羊细血液和乳汁中ＨＢ，ＥＰ－１，ＥＰ－２，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｈｐα－ＬＡ和β－ＬＧ总共１３个位点的多态性进行了研究。结果为：（１）在青海细毛羊的ＨＢ，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ１，Ｈｐ，β－ＬＧ总共９个位点上发现多态性，多态性位点的比例为６９．２３％；（２）每个位点实有的平均等位     

青海本地黄牛的遗传变异性及基因分化

通过对柴达木黄牛和青海东部黄牛ＨＢ,ＫＥ,ＴＦ,ＰＴＦ,ＰＡ,ＡＭＹ１,ＡＬＰＡ,ＡＬＰＢ,ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ１,Ｓ－ＬＤＨ１,α－ＬＡ,β－ＬＧ,αｓ１－ＣＮ和β－ＣＮ１４个生化遗传基因座多态性的分的,研究青海本地黄牛的遗传变异性及两个群体间的基因分化。结果发现：（１）青海本地黄牛１４个生化遗传基因座的Ｐｐｏｌｙ为８５．７％,Ｈ为０．２６６２,Ｎｅ为１．４８６１个,Ｈ．Ｉ．为０．５７９８;（２）柴达木黄牛与青海东部黄牛两群体之间的遗传距离为０．００５８,基因分化系数为０．００７１,表明青海本地黄牛两群体间的基因分化程度极小。     

兔狲血液蛋白质和酶的电泳分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对２只兔狲的４种血液蛋白质表型和３种血液同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果发现：①被检兔狲的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），白蛋白（ＡＬＢ）和后白蛋白（Ｐａ）分别呈单一的ＨＢＡＢ，ＡＬＢＡＡ和ＰａＡＡ型，运铁蛋白（ＴＦ）有ＴＦＡＢ和ＴＦＢＢ两种表型；②血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）由ＡＬＰＡ，ＡＬＰＢ，ＡＬＰＣ和ＡＬＰＤ四种同工酶组成；③血清酯酶（ＥＳ）由ＥＳＩ和ＥＳＩＶ两种同工酶共７条区带组成；④血清乳酸脱氢酶（Ｓ－ＬＤＨ）由ＬＤＨ１，ＬＤＨ２，ＬＤＨ３，ＬＤＨ４和ＬＤＨ５五种同工酶组成，红细胞内只有前四种ＬＤＨ同工酶。     

应用二花脸与大约克猪建立参考家系进行连锁分析的研究

应用１头德国大约克公猪及３头二花脸母猪通过回交法（父女交配）建立了参考家系，采集了１５４头个体的血样，对１２号染色体 微卫星位点（ＳＷ９５７、ＳＷ１５５３、ＳＷ１３５０、ＳＷ８７４）检测了每个个体的基因型，应用ＣＲＩＭＡＰ程序进行了连锁分析得出了３个位点在猪１２号梁色体上的最佳排序为：ＳＷ１５５３－ＳＷ１３５０－ＳＷ８７４。其中在ＵＳＤＡ－ＭＡＲＣ家系中由于未检测到重组而不能排序的两个位点（ＳＷ１     

限制性内切酶片段长度多态性在几个绵羊品种中的研究

本文利用羊的促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ）ｃＤＮＡ，胸腺（Ｔｈｙｍｕｓ）基因组ＤＮＡ及卵泡抑止素（Ｆｏｌｌｉｓｔａｔｉｎ）ｃＤＮＡ等３种探针与泰国长尾羊，喀麦隆羊（Ｃａｍｅｒｏｏｎ）及它们Ｆ１代杂种的基因组ＤＮＡ进行分子杂交，结果在ＥｃｏＲＩ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＴａｑⅠ酶切的ＤＮＡ片段与ＦＳＨｃＤＮＡ杂交的图谱上，可观察到ＲＦＬＰ的存在，并可根据某些特殊区带的存在与否区别两个不同种的羊。用ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切的ＤＮＡ片段与胸腺基因组ＤＮＡ探针杂交，也发现了ＲＦＬＰ，而其它３种酶的酶切片段与此探针杂交，个体间的图谱是一致的。利用本实验所采用的４种限制性内切酶，在所测定品种及杂交种的卵泡抑止素位点没有发现变异。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein