微胶囊包埋技术在益生菌制品中的应用

益生菌对人体具有保健功效,在乳制品中的应用日趋广泛,但制品中益生菌的存活率很低。微胶囊包埋是保护益生菌免受外界环境侵害的常用方法,综述了益生菌的微胶囊包埋技术及在生产中的应用。     

微胶囊包埋技术在益生菌制品中的应用

益生菌对人体具有保健功效,在乳制品中的应用日益广泛,但制品中益生菌的存活率很低,微胶囊包埋是保护益生菌免受外界环境侵害的常用方法。本文综述了益生菌的微胶囊包埋技术及在生产中的应用。     

益生菌微胶囊化对仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响

目前,利用微胶囊包埋保护益生菌已成为研究热点.本试验采用挤压法,选择不同种类的壁材进行复配,通过对益生菌的微胶囊化,来保护其免受外界不利环境影响.结果表明:制备益生菌微胶囊的最佳工艺为海藻酸钠3％,明胶0.2％,氯化钙2％,搅拌速度800 r/min.将益生菌微胶囊添加到日粮中可以提高仔猪生产性能和免疫力,并且添加量为...     

微囊化包被技术在饲用益生菌上应用的研究进展

益生菌广泛应用于畜禽养殖,但益生菌在保存及使用中会受到外界逆境条件影响,导致其活性降低甚至死亡。微囊化包被技术已经被应用于对益生菌的保护中。本文综述了益生菌微囊化包被的蛋白类、多糖类、改性淀粉和纳米壁材,分析了挤压法、喷雾干燥法、冷冻干燥法、乳化法、复凝聚法等益生菌微囊化包被的方法,阐述了微胶囊化包被对益生菌耐酸、耐高温、耐湿等抗逆特性和耐贮存的作用效果,最后对微囊化包被技术在饲用益生菌上的应用前景进行了展望。     

肠溶性粪肠球菌微胶囊制备的初步研究

粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)又叫粪链球菌,普遍存在于自然界,一般栖居在动物的肠腔,也是人体上呼吸道或肠道的常居益生菌.粪肠球菌作为乳酸类肠球菌之一是动物宿主肠道内的原生菌种,具有很好的生物安全性和优良的益生特性,但是益生菌只有在人体内存活,具有增殖能力才能发挥更好的益生作用.许多研究显示,活菌制剂进入动物消化道后难以经受低pH值的盐酸、胆汁酸等的作用,很难有足够数量的活菌数量达到肠道或定植肠道而发挥作用.目前发酵乳制品中活菌的耐酸性较弱,活菌存活率低于0.2％.研究显示,当期情况下,微胶囊技术是保护菌体活力最为有效和实用的方法之一,通过对益生菌微胶囊化,在菌种外壁增加保护层,可以有效增强其对胃酸以及胆汁等不良因子的抵抗能力,同时提高其在储藏过程中的稳定性.本试验采用肠溶性材料对菌种进行微胶囊化,并结合喷雾干燥方法,制备获得的益生菌制剂可以抵抗不良环境,使得粪肠球菌具备了实际生产应用价值.     

微胶囊化益生菌制备方法在饲料业中的应用

本文通过对微囊化益生菌制备方法的总结,描述了微囊化囊壁材料微囊化技术,以及微囊化益生菌在畜牧业领域的应用,益生菌包被后形成微囊化益生菌,可以更好地保护益生菌,并避免外界环境对益生菌的影响,更好地发挥益生菌的功效,对研究包被益生菌在动物肠道内的作用有很大贡献。     

微胶囊益生菌对肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响

为探究微胶囊益生菌对肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响,选取90头体重约为(63±1.76)kg的肥育猪,采用完全随机化试验设计,按日龄、体重基本一致原则随机分为5组,每组18个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组喂基础饲粮(不添加抗生素和益生菌),4个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.4 kg/t金霉素、0.25 kg/t微胶囊益生菌、0.5 kg/t微胶囊益生菌和1 kg/t微胶囊益生菌,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,0.5 kg/t微胶囊益生菌组和1 kg/t微胶囊益生菌组平均日增重分别极显著提高8.97%和10.26%。与对照组和0.4 kg/t金霉素组相比,1 kg/t微胶囊益生菌组料重比分别极显著降低11.33%和12.46%,0.5 kg/t微胶囊益生菌组料重比分别显著降低9.06%和10.22%。2)与0.4 kg/t金霉素组相比,各微胶囊益生菌试验组血清中总蛋白含量显著提高(P0.05)。3)与对照组和0.4 kg/t金霉素组相比,0.5 kg/t、1 kg/t微胶囊益生菌组大肠杆菌含量显著降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,各微胶囊益生菌试验组乳酸杆菌含量显著提高(P0.05),1 kg/t微胶囊益生菌组双歧杆菌含量显著提高(P0.05)。综合以上指标并考虑饲料成本问题,饲粮中添加0.5 kg/t微胶囊益生菌能显著提高肥育猪平均日增重、降低料重比,并有效调控肥育猪肠道微生物菌平衡,对肥育猪的生长有促进作用。     

微胶囊化益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能和免疫机能的影响

试验旨在研究微胶囊化益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化水平和免疫机能的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡270只,随机分为3组(每组6个重复,每个重复15只)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,益生菌组在基础饲粮中添加微胶囊(JM113活菌数为1×10^8 CFU/kg基础饲粮),抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg金霉素,试验期42 d。结果表明:饲粮添加微胶囊化益生菌和抗生素显著提高了肉鸡平均日增重(P<0.05),降低了料肉比(P<0.05)。饲粮添加微胶囊化益生菌显著增加了肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力和总超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05)。饲粮添加微胶囊化益生菌显著增加了肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG和IgM水平(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加微胶囊化益生菌能取得与抗生素相同的促生长效果,并能提高肉鸡抗氧化能力和免疫水平。     

基因编辑益生菌在动物肠道健康上的研究及应用

益生菌是一类有助于动物机体健康的微生物,在提高机体免疫力、改善肠道微生物平衡、促进养殖场环境等方面发挥重要作用。近年来,国内外学者对基因工程技术的探索已逐步深入,并在实际生产中加以应用。但是,目前为止绝大多数的研究将基因编辑技术着眼于真核生物。在此基础上,如何将基因编辑技术应用于益生菌,使益生菌发挥出更大的潜力是当前的研究热潮。因此通过基因工程技术将特定基因与益生菌进行基因编辑并表达,编辑后的益生菌可以表达特定的基因或者靶向对宿主发挥免疫调节作用。作者总结了基因编辑后的益生菌与宿主的相互作用,综述了CRISPR-Cas9技术在基因编辑乳酸菌及畜牧生产上的应用,同时经过分析比较不同基因编辑技术对乳酸菌进行基因编辑的方法,发现CRISPR-Cas9技术是目前针对乳酸菌和双歧杆菌等食品级益生菌相对灵活的基因编辑工具,能够实现益生菌在宿主体内发挥多重健康功效的目的,并对未来CRISPR-Cas9技术在基因编辑乳酸菌中的应用进行了展望,认为未来应将CRISPR-Cas9技术和其他基因编辑方法相结合,探索出更快更高效、简便的益生菌基因编辑技术。     

益生菌在养鸡生产中应用的研究进展

养鸡生产过程中抗生素促生长剂的使用造成药物残留和促使微生物耐药性产生,对人类健康造成严重威胁,进而引发了在畜禽养殖业中寻找抗生素可行替代品的探索,而直接饲喂益生菌在这一应用中具有巨大潜力。益生菌作为食品添加剂能够促进或支持宿主胃肠道微生物种群的良好平衡,还可作为饲料添加剂,通过多种方式促进鸡群健康和提高生产性能。益生菌具有保护肠道黏膜形态结构及其完整性,维持肠道微生物平衡,拮抗病原微生物,增强机体免疫力和提高生产性能等功能。本文就益生菌在养鸡生产中对鸡群健康及生产性能的影响进行综述,并对益生菌在鸡生产中的应用相关研究进行展望,以期为益生菌功能研究及相关产品研发提供新的视角和思路。     

喷雾干燥技术制备饲用乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研究进展

乳酸菌微胶囊技术是将核心菌体包覆于胃不溶、肠溶性的安全、特殊壁材中,可增加菌体对不良环境(胃液、胆盐等)的抵抗力,使其顺利到达肠道以发挥益生作用,且利于储存、加工和运输。利用喷雾干燥技术进行微胶囊制备具有包被速率快、生产成本低、适用于连续化生产等优点,但由于其存在较高进出口风温度及快速脱水过程,对于饲用乳酸菌的微胶囊制备在壁材物质及制备参数等方面具有严格的要求。为此,作者从工艺过程、壁材选择、工艺参数选择及其产品效果分析等方面,对近年来喷雾干燥技术在乳酸菌微胶囊制备方面进行了综述,以期为推动乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研制及其在动物生产中的应用提供依据。     

Research Progress in Microencapsulated Lactobacillus by Spray Drying

Microencapsulation provides a physical barrier to the Lactobacillus against the harsh environmental conditions and gastrointestinal passage thereby increasing the number of viable cells reaching the small intestine,and it is also beneficial to storage,processing and transportation.Spray drying is a common technology used in microencapsulation process because it is a continuous and rapid process with low cost and high reproducibility.However,it can cause a decrease in microorganism numbers and activity due to high inlet and exit air temperatures and evaporation rates during the process,which has strict requirement for Lactobacillus in the selection of wall materials and preparation parameters.This article reviewed the research progress of spray drying for microencapsulated Lactobacillus,which contained the selection of microcapsule wall material,technological parameter and the evaluation method of microencapsulated Lactobacillus.It could provide the theoretical basis of preparation for microencapsulated Lactobacillus and its industrial production.     

微生态制剂对白羽肉种鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

微生态制剂作为一种新型饲料添加剂已得到广泛的应用。为验证北京伟嘉集团生产的微囊包裹的微生态制剂对肉种鸡在生产性能和蛋品质方面的影响,我们对其应用效果进行观察和分析。结果表明,微生态制剂添加组(试验组)产蛋率和种蛋合格率较对照组分别提高了1.12%和2.27%;蛋品质方面,可提高平均蛋重,试验组较对照组提高了4.75%,达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);蛋白高度和哈氏单位,试验组较对照组分别提高了9.45%(P<0.01)和6.64%(P<0.05),蛋白高度达到极显著水平(P<0.01);而在蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度方面,试验组与对照组相比差异都不显著(P>0.05)。     

鸡源乳杆菌微胶囊的制备及特性研究

为了提高益生菌对不良环境的抗性,使其以活性状态到达肠胃并发挥相应的功效,采用微胶囊包被与冷冻干燥相结合的技术,以实验室分离的鸡源乳杆菌为对象,设计L9（34）正交试验,筛选制备乳杆菌微胶囊的最佳配方,并检测乳杆菌微胶囊的特性。试验结果证明,海藻酸钠浓度为3%,氯化钙浓度为2%,脱脂奶粉浓度为4%,乳糖浓度为6%时,制备的微胶囊中活菌包埋产率最高,达到92.40%,且产品具有较好的耐酸性与肠溶性,在室温下具有较好的贮存稳定性。     

微囊化益生菌对小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎的影响

试验旨在观察微囊化布拉迪酵母菌（Saccharomyces boulardii,S.boulardii）与微囊化粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium,E.faecalis）对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的治疗效果并探讨其作用机制。采用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sulfacte sodium,DSS）灌胃法制备小鼠UC动物模型,试验共分为6组,其中饮用DSS的小鼠随机分为5组：粪肠球菌菌粉组、微囊化粪肠球菌组、布拉迪酵母菌菌粉组和微囊化布拉迪酵母菌组给予不同的药物治疗,药物皆以溶液形式灌胃给药,UC模型小鼠（DSS组）每天饮用与药物等体积的生理盐水;正常对照组灌服与药物等体积的生理盐水。观察UC小鼠的症状和组织学变化,ELSIA检测血清中细胞因子（IL-6、IL-10与TNF-α）的含量,Western blotting检测小鼠结肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白（Occludin和Claudin-1）表达量。结果显示,与模型组相比,治疗后各益生菌组小鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量均显著降低（P<0.05）,IL-10含量显著升高（P<0.05）,微囊化益生菌组小鼠髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性及结肠损伤组织学评分（粪肠球菌粉组除外）均显著下降（P<0.05）,布拉迪酵母菌菌粉组与微囊化布拉迪酵母菌小鼠结肠黏膜内Occludin和Claudin-1表达量均显著升高（P<0.05）。粪肠球菌和布拉迪酵母菌可以缓解UC模型小鼠结肠炎症病变,且经过微囊化后的粪肠球菌和布拉迪酵母菌表现出更好的缓解小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎病症效果,其机制与粪肠球菌和布拉迪酵母菌可以降低血清中IL-6与TNF-α含量,提高Occludin与Claudin-1的表达量密切相关。     

In vivo and in vitro comparisons of spray-drying and solvent- evaporation preparation of microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for use as an orally administered vaccine for pigs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered vaccine of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae that was prepared by spray drying or solvent evaporation. ANIMALS: Thirty 6-week-old, crossbred, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. PROCEDURE: Pigs were randomly allocated into 5 groups and housed in an SPF facility. Pigs in 2 groups (groups AQ and CAP) were fed M hyopneumoniae enteric-coated vaccine on days 0, 10, and 20. A third group (group IM) received an IM injection of M hyopneumoniae vaccine with aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant on days 0, 10, and 20. The last 2 groups (non-vaccinated-challenged [NV-C] and nonchallenged [NC]) were fed a sham treatment. All 24 pigs in groups AQ, CAFP IM, and NV-C were challenge exposed with 5 ml of a 10% pneumonic lung suspension administered on day 40 via intubation of the trachea. All pigs were slaughtered and the lungs removed and examined for lesions on day 68. RESULTS: In vitro studies indicated that these 2 microencapsulation techniques formed an effective shell and protected mycoplasmal antigen from gastric acid. Results of inoculation and challenge tests indicated that microencapsulated M hyopneumoniae were sufficiently potent to induce an immune response and provide good protection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Orally administered microencapsulated M hyopneumoniae vaccines induced an immune response and reduced the severity of lung lesions in challenge-exposed pigs. Results suggest that this novel method can be applied to other antigens, because the spray-drying process yielded an orally administered M hyopneumoniae vaccine that induced a good immune response.     

植物精油产品对饲用微胶囊乳酸菌的影响及对大肠杆菌的抑菌效应研究

研究植物精油类产品动力源和RO对大肠杆菌的抑制活性,以及与饲用微胶囊乳酸菌同时使用时对微胶囊乳酸菌的影响。在相应的培养条件下对微胶囊乳酸菌和大肠杆菌进行培养,测定添加植物精油组和对照组菌量的差异,得出植物精油产品对大肠杆菌的抑制活性和对微胶囊乳酸菌的影响作用。结果表明,在一定添加浓度范围内,植物精油产品可以与微胶囊乳酸菌产品同时使用,而此时植物精油产品具有良好的抑制致病菌的作用。     

Lipid microencapsulation allows slow release of organic acids and natural identical flavors along the swine intestine

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the in vivo concentrations of sorbic acid and vanillin as markers of the fate of organic acids (OA) and natural identical flavors (NIF) from a microencapsulated mixture and from the same mixture non-microencapsulated, and the possible consequences on the intestinal microbial fermentation. Fifteen weaned pigs were selected from 3 dietary groups and were slaughtered at 29.5 +/- 0.27 kg of BW. Diets were (1) control; (2) control supplemented with a blend of OA and NIF microencapsulated with hydrogenated vegetable lipids (protected blend, PB); and (3) control supplemented with the same blend of OA and NIF mixed with the same protective matrix in powdered form but without the active ingredient coating (non-protected blend, NPB). Stomach, cranial jejunum, caudal jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were sampled to determine the concentrations of sorbic acid and vanillin contained in the blend and used as tracers. Sorbic acid and vanillin were not detectable in pigs fed the control, and their concentrations were not different in the stomach of PB and NPB treatments. Pigs fed PB showed a gradual decrease of the tracer concentrations along the intestinal tract, whereas pigs fed NPB showed a decline of tracer concentration in the cranial jejunum and onwards, compared with the stomach concentrations. Sorbic acid and vanillin concentrations along the intestinal tract were greater (P = 0.02) in pigs fed PB compared with pigs fed NPB. Pigs fed PB had lower (P = 0.03) coliforms in the caudal jejunum and the cecum than pigs fed the control or NPB. Pigs fed the control or PB had a greater (P = 0.03) lactic acid bacteria plate count in the cecum than pigs fed NPB, which showed a reduction (P = 0.02) of lactic acid concentrations and greater (P = 0.02) pH values in the caudal jejunum. The protective lipid matrix used for microencapsulation of the OA and NIF blend allowed slow-release of both active ingredients and prevented the immediate disappearance of such compounds upon exiting the stomach.     

微胶囊化疫苗壁材的研究进展

根据近年来微胶囊技术的研究进展,结合作者的研究,介绍了微囊化疫苗的制备方法以及微囊化疫苗壁材的选用原则。查阅国内外文献,详细介绍了几种聚合物壁材在微囊化疫苗中的应用情况和研究进展。