大叶速生槐的饲用价值及利用

枝叶饲料是畜牧业重要的饲料来源,充分利用现有资源建设高产、高效、优质枝叶饲料基地是"科技兴牧"的重要渠道. 1大叶速生槐的饲用价值 大叶速生槐堪称"枝叶饲料之王".在诸类枝叶饲料植物中,大叶速生槐是集优质高产、耐旱、耐寒、易繁、易栽、易管,经济价值与生态价值于一体的高产高效物种.     

大叶速生槐的高效栽培与繁殖技术

大叶速生槐为新型高产、速生饲料新品种,具有叶片阔大,饲料产量高,抗逆性强,萌蘖力强,托叶刺小,便于利用,管理费用低,营养价值高等特点。大叶速生槐的育成在一定程度上弥补了某些牧草的不足,拓宽了优质饲料生产的地域限制,解决了优质饲料基地建设缓慢的症结。现将大叶速生槐的高效栽培与繁殖技术介绍如下。     

大叶速生槐的饲用价值、生态功能与基地速成技术

大叶速生槐是吉林省集安市园艺特产研究所，从国外引进，经杂交选育的耐寒、耐早、耐瘠薄、抗逆性强，速生特高产优质饲料槐。并兼有良好的生态功能及防风固沙功效。因此，开发大叶速生槐对加快发展我国畜牧业，特别是西部沙化地区的防风固沙，改善面临恶化的生态环境具有重要的意义。     

大叶速生槐的饲料价值及利用

<正>1大叶速生槐的饲料价值大叶速生槐堪称“枝叶饲料之王”。在诸类枝叶饲料植物中,大叶速生槐是集优质高产、耐旱、耐寒,易繁易栽易管,经济价值与生态价值于一体的高产高效物种。     

速生高产优质牧草--大叶速生槐

大叶速生槐为豆科刺槐属落叶乔木,是饲料业、草地畜牧业、防沙治沙和经济林建设的优秀多功能速生树种。综述了大叶速生槐的植物学及生物学特性、饲用价值及采收利用、种苗繁殖与栽培技术。大叶速生槐经杂交选育及栽培试验证明,其具有极强的生理抗性和极高的牧草产量,是未来畜牧饲料基地和草地畜牧业的优质、速生、高产饲料植物。     

大叶速生槐饲料价值及利用

本刊2005年第23期“科技与推广”栏目刊登了《优质黄金饲料——大叶速生槐》,介绍了大叶速生槐的生物学特性、特点及开发前景,栽植及采取饲喂要点三个方面。本文现就大叶速生槐的饲料价值及其饲料林营造利用做详细介绍,以飨读者。     

速生高产优质牧草——大叶速生槐

大叶速生槐为豆科刺槐属落叶乔木,是饲料业、草地畜牧业、防沙治沙和经济林建设的优秀多功能速生树种.综述了大叶速生槐的植物学及生物学特性、饲用价值及采收利用、种苗繁殖与栽培技术.大叶速生槐经杂交选育及栽培试验证明,其具有极强的生理抗性和极高的牧草产量,是未来畜牧饲料基地和草地畜牧业的优质、速生、高产饲料植物.     

饲用树种——大叶速生槐的栽培利用

大叶速生槐堪称“叶饲料之王”和“最廉价的饲料”。在诸类饲料植物中,大叶速生槐是集优质高产、抗旱耐寒、易繁易栽易管、经济价值与生态价值与一体的高产高效物种。经过在全国广大地区的不同生态环境和自然条件下,进行多年栽培试验和加工利用证明,大叶速生槐以其独特的抗旱耐寒、速生丰产和粗放管理性能深受饲料业、养殖业和广大农牧民的喜爱和青睐。     

高产优质饲料——大叶速生槐的开发及利用

1大叶速生槐的生物学特征 大叶速生槐是韩国引入的饲料槐新品种,为豆科乔木,经每年多次平茬采收,便丛生及成墩成簇生长.     

大叶速生槐饲料价值及利用

(一)大叶速生槐的价值 大叶速生槐堪称"枝叶饲料之王",在诸类枝叶饲料植物中,它是一种优质、高产、耐寒、耐旱、易繁、易栽、易管的优良物种.     

青海高寒地区苦豆子资源现状及开发前景

苦豆子是一种具有较高价值的经济植物.本文较全面地论述了豆科植物苦豆子的分布、生物学特性、化学成分、药理作用及其在医药、农药、饲料、环保领域的开发现状及应用前景.     

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Feed Form on Fast- and Slow-Growing Broilers

Three experiments were conduced to quantify the potential negative effect of fine particles (<0.5 mm diameter) in the feed on fast- and slow-growing broiler growth performance. In the first experiment, chickens were fed mash or pellets of 2.5 and 4 mm diameter between 15 and 35 d of age. During this period, fast-growing broiler fed pelleted feed had a 19% higher final BW, a 12% higher feed intake, and a 12% lower (improved) feed conversion ratio than those fed mash. Feed form had no significant effect on feed intake, BW gain, or final BW of slow-growing chickens. Feed conversion ratio, however, was 6% lower with pellet than mash. In the second and the third experiments, fast and slow-growing chickens weighed 1.2 kg at the beginning of the experiment. In the second experiment, the effects of a transition from pelleted feed to mash or a mixture between the 2 feed forms on the short-term feed intake and growth was investigated. After the transition from pellet to mash or the mixture, both fast- and slow-growing chickens adapted their feed intake in less than 10 min. The mixture between mash and pellets led to a 25% higher feed intake and an 18% lower feed conversion ratio for fast-growing chickens. There was no significant difference between mash and the mixture on slow-growing feed intake, but feed conversion ratio was 9% lower. In the third experiment, the effect of fine particles concentration in the feed on short-term growth response was measured. Increase in the concentration of fine particles in the feed linearly reduced feed intake and BW gain of both fast- and slow-growing chickens. However, the slope was 5 times greater for fast-growing chickens than for slow-growing chickens. These 3 experiments showed that fast-growing chickens are more sensitive to feed form than slow-growing chickens. Therefore, physical form of the feed can be a major limiting factor of performance.     

快速型黄羽肉鸡饲料利用效率性状的基因组选择研究

旨在探究快速型黄羽肉鸡饲料利用效率性状的遗传参数,评估不同方法所得估计育种值的准确性.本研究以自主培育的快速型黄羽肉鸡E系1923个个体(其中公鸡1199只,母鸡724只)为研究素材,采用"京芯一号"鸡55K SNP芯片进行基因分型.分别利用传统最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)、基因组最佳线性无偏预测(GBLUP)和一步法...     

赤霉素对不同收获时间的稻草中非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响

赤霉素(GA)处理能有效延缓植株衰老,改善稻草饲用品质,但在对照组成熟时GA处理组还有贪青现象。为了研究GA处理后不同收获时间稻草中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量的差异,本试验选用两优培九(杂交籼稻)、武育粳3号(迟熟中粳)、南粳44(早熟晚粳)和南粳46(中熟晚粳)等4个不同类型的水稻品种,设置3个GA喷施时间:开花后7 d(GA-7),开花后15 d(GA-15)和开花后21 d(GA-21),设置两个收获时间:正常收获(对照组成熟后统一收获)和延迟收获(对照组成熟后推迟6 d收获),测定稻草整株及叶片、茎秆和叶鞘中的NSC[包括可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)和淀粉]含量,并利用倒3节茎秆进行徒手切片,观测其中的淀粉颗粒数量。结果表明适时收获的稻草中含有相当数量的NSC,其中粳稻品种高于籼稻品种;稻草中的NSC主要贮存在茎秆中,WSC含量显著高于淀粉含量。延迟收获时不同时间GA处理对改善不同品种稻草中NSC含量的效果出现差异:正常收获时,两优培九以GA-15处理组,武育粳3号以GA-21处理组,南粳44以GA-7处理组的稻草中NSC含量最高;延迟收获时,两优培九以GA-21处理组,武育粳3号以GA-15处理组,南粳44以GA-21处理组的稻草中NSC含量最高;南粳46两次收获均以GA-15处理组的稻草中NSC含量最高。喷施GA能显著增加籼稻品种两优培九和中熟粳稻品种武育粳3号稻草中的NSC含量,而对晚熟粳稻品种南粳44和南粳46稻草中NSC含量的影响不大。     

添加槐花粉对白三叶青贮发酵品质的影响

采用单因子随机设计,研究添加不同比例的槐(Sophora japonica)花粉对白三叶(Trifolium repens)青贮发酵品质的影响,以期为槐花应用于青贮饲料生产提供科学依据.分别设置白三叶单独青贮(C)、95％白三叶+5％槐花粉青贮(T1)、90％白三叶+10％槐花粉青贮(T2)、85％白三叶+15％槐花粉...     

宁夏白芨滩国家级自然保护区苦豆子内生真菌多样性及生态分布

为探索宁夏干旱荒漠区苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroides L.）内生真菌的多样性及区系组成,为苦豆子内生真菌的合理开发和利用提供理论依据。从宁夏白芨滩国家级自然保护区不同植被和土壤类型的6个样区采集苦豆子样品30份,采用组织匀浆法从植株的根、茎、叶和种子中分离内生真菌,根据培养性状、菌落、孢子等形态特征,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析对菌株进行鉴定;根据内生真菌的相对频率、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和相似性系数分析其区系组成特点。结果表明,从30份样品中共分离得到内生真菌213株,分别属于19个属,其中镰刀菌属（Fusarium）、链格孢属（Alternaria）和茎点霉属（Phoma）为优势属。苦豆子内生真菌的分布具有一定的组织特异性,根部的内生真菌数量高于其他部位,茎部内生真菌多样性指数最高。植被类型中,沙生植被草原（样区Ⅴ）分离的内生真菌物种多样性指数最高,而荒漠草原（样区Ⅲ）最低。荒漠草原（样区Ⅰ）和沙生植被草原（样区Ⅴ）内生真菌群落有密切的相似性。可见,苦豆子蕴含丰富的内生真菌资源,其内生真菌具有很高的宿主特异性,且分布受生境影响。     

小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验在小麦型基础日粮中分别添加木聚糖酶0、50、100、150、200g/t饲料(5000U/g酶)饲喂12日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,观察木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能影响不显著(P0.05),单位增重饲料成本以添加量50 g/t(即每1 kg饲料含250 U木聚糖酶)的有效含量为佳。     

Anti-protozoal efficacy of medicinal herb extracts against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum

The purpose of this study was to determine whether alcohol extracts of herbs (Sophora flavescens Aiton, Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder and E.H. Wilson, Pulsatilla koreana (Yabe ex Nakai) Nakai ex T. Mori, Ulmus macrocarpa Hance and Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.) from South Korea, possess in vitro anti-protozoal activity against cultures of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. These herbs have been used as human anti-parasitics in Asian countries for many years. Alcohol extracts of these herbs were serially diluted to final concentrations ranging from 625 to 19.5 ng/ml in media and added to wells containing either T. gondii or N. caninum tachyzoites in equine dermal (ED) cells. Parasite growth inhibition was measured using 3H-uracil incorporation as compared to untreated controls. T. japonica inhibited T. gondii proliferation by 99.3, 95.5, 73.0 and 54.0% in the range from 156 to 19.5 ng/ml, and S. flavescens inhibited T. gondii proliferation by 98.7, 83.0 and 27.2% in the range from 156 to 39 ng/ml. T. japonica inhibited N. caninum proliferation by 97.8, 97.9, 85.3 and 46.4% in the range from 156 to 19.5 ng/ml. S. flavescens inhibited N. caninum proliferation by 98.6, 97.0, 69.5 and 14.0% in the range from 156 to 19.5 ng/ml. Toxicity to host cells was noted when concentrations of T. japonica and S. flavescens exceeded 625 ng/ml. The herb extracts from S. acutum, Pulsatilla koreana, and U. macrocarpa also showed toxicity at higher levels but did not achieve the same inhibition effects at the lower concentrations against T. gondii and N. caninum as T. japonica and S. flavescens.     

Anti-protozoal efficacy of high performance liquid chromatography fractions of Torilis japonica and Sophora flavescens extracts on Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii

We previously reported that alcoholic extracts of Sophora flavescens and Torilis japonica from South Korea demonstrated good efficacy in reducing replication of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. To characterize the chemical component associated with anti-protozoal activity, specific fractions were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and used for in vitro testing. These fractions were evaluated in vitro against T. gondii and N. caninum. Fractions of the herb extracts were serially diluted to final concentrations of 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml in medium and added to wells containing replicating T. gondii and N. caninum. To determine the ability of each fraction to inhibit parasite proliferation, 3H-uracil incorporation was used to determine parasite replication. In cultures infected with T. gondii, a fraction of T. japonica (TJ2) inhibited T. gondii proliferation by 99.2, 94.4, 88.6 and 27.0% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. Four fractions of S. flavescens (SF1-SF4) inhibited T. gondii proliferation by 99.6-60.6, 96.9-48.1, 92.3-68.2 and 95.4-52.9% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. In cultures infected with N. caninum, a fraction of T. japonica (TJ2) inhibited N. caninum proliferation by 98.3, 95.5, 79.7 and 30.6% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. Four fractions of S. flavescens (SF1-SF4) inhibited N. caninum proliferation by 97.1-25.9, 94.8-35.5, 95.9-33.7 and 95.4-49.4% in the range from 2.850 to 0.356 ng/ml. These fractions of T. japonica and S. flavescens extracts are currently undergoing in vivo evaluation in experimentally infected mice.     

苦参的化学成分、药理作用及炮制方法的研究进展

苦参是一种传统中药,其主要成分为黄酮类及生物碱类物质,具有清热解毒,抗炎镇痛等药理作用,其炮制方法众多。本文就国内外近些年对苦参的化学成分,药理作用及加工炮制方法的研究进展进行了综述,为对其进一步开发利用提供参考。