新疆滴灌施肥棉花生长和产量的水肥耦合效应

在新疆石河子棉花种植区,研究了滴灌施肥棉花生长和产量的水肥耦合效应.试验设置3个灌水水平和5个NPK施肥水平.结果表明,滴灌施肥条件下,灌水量对株高、有效铃数、百铃质量、籽棉产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率影响均在0.05水平下具有统计学意义,对和叶面积指数的影响在0.01水平下具有统计学意义,其变化随着灌水量的增加而增加;施肥对株高、叶面积指数、有效铃数、百铃质量和籽棉产量影响在0.01水平下具有统计学意义,水肥交互作用对单株有效铃数、百铃质量和籽棉产量影响在0.01水平下具有统计学意义.施肥过高对作物生长有一定的抑制作用.灌水量为60%ET_c,施肥量为300 kg/hm²∶120 kg/hm²∶60 kg/hm²(ω_N∶ω_P2O5∶ω_K2O)时氮、磷、钾的利用效率均最高,灌水量为100%ET_c,施肥量为150 kg/hm²:60 kg/hm²∶30 kg/hm²(ω_N∶ω_P2O5∶ω_K2O)时氮、磷、钾养分回收率最高.从产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力等角度综合考虑,灌水量100%ET_c、300 kg/hm²∶120 kg/hm²∶60 kg/hm²(ω_N∶ω_P2O5∶ω_K2O)为最佳滴灌施肥策略.     

灌水量及灌水频率对玉米生长和水分利用的影响

利用遮雨棚蒸渗桶栽试验,研究灌水量和灌水频率对夏玉米生长、产量和水分利用的影响.试验以“郑单958”为研究材料,设置3个灌水量水平W1(120%ETc),W2(100%ETc)和W3(80%ETc)和3个灌水频率D1(3 d),D2(6 d)和D3(9 d)共9个处理,在生育期内对桶栽玉米的各项生长指标进行观测,分析不同处理对玉米的影响.结果表明:玉米的株高、叶面积、干物质量和产量随着灌水量的增大,均呈现出增加趋势;随着灌水频率的增大,均呈现出下降趋势.显著性分析表明,灌水量对夏玉米生长特性和产量的影响程度大于灌水频率.单株玉米产量在W₁D3处理下达到最大值,在W₃D1处理下玉米产量最小,差异具有统计学意义.水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率则随灌水量的增大呈现先增大后减小趋势,且随灌水频率的增加逐渐降低.W₂D3处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水利用率最高,分别为1.83和1.61 kg/m3.基于各处理水分利用效率和产量变化,W₁D3(120%ETc,9 d)可作为基于试验条件下较适宜的灌水技术.     

New empirical formula for hourly estimations of reference evapotranspiration

A new empirical equation for estimating hourly reference evapotranspiration ET₀ is proposed. This equation requires data for three pertinent meteorological attributes, solar radiation R_s, air temperature T, and relative humidity RH. A routine surface polynomial regression analysis in three stages, is employed in order to estimate the factors c_i entering the empirical model ET₀=f(R_s, RH, T; c_i). For the calibration of the proposed model, data sets collected from Copais (Greece) were used. Verification of the validity of the model was obtained using independent data from Copais as well as data from CIMIS (Davis, Sacramento, CA). A comparative evaluation of the model was performed against some of the most widely used and strongly recommended models for estimating hourly ET₀. Among them are the recently proposed Penman–Monteith (FAO56-Penman–Monteith), CIMIS version of Penman (CIMIS-Penman), and the American Society of Civil Engineers version of Penman–Monteith (ASCE-PM). Statistics and scatterplots, using ASCE-PM as the standard model indicate that the new empirical equation (Copais) operates quite satisfactorily for both regions, therefore may provide the premises to become a tool, for routine hourly reference evapotranspiration calculations.     

Prediction of soil moisture characteristics from mechanical analysis and bulk density data

Soil moisture characteristics can be established directly from the physical properties of soils such as mechanical analysis and bulk densities. Multiple regression equations were worked out by taking first fractions of sand (E₁), silt + clay (E' = E₂ + E₃) and bulk density (P), and second fractions of sand (E₁), silt (E₂), clay (E₃) and bulk density (P) as independent variables to predict the parameter b, the air-entry potential ψ_e and the saturation moisture content _s of the soil-moisture characteristics equation. Regression equations were tested for soils of different textural and structural compositions and showed good agreement between estimated and experimentally determined values.     

云贵高原参考作物蒸散量时空特征及成因分析

为了探究云贵高原地区参考作物蒸散量(ET0)的时空分布特征,基于云贵高原42个代表性气象站点近56 a(1961—2016年)逐日气象数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验探究ET0主要的气象驱动因子,并运用多元回归分析量化了各气象因子对ET0的贡献率.结果表明:云贵高原近56 a风速和气温呈逐年上升趋势,增幅分别为0...     

基于ELM的西北旱区参考作物蒸散量预报模型

为实现气象资料缺失情况下ET₀的精确预报,选取中国西北旱区4个代表性站点的气象资料,建立15种基于极限学习机(ELM)的ET₀预报模型,并通过与其他ET₀计算模型对比和可移植性分析探究ELM在西北旱区的适用性.结果表明:基于温度和风速的ELM₇预报精度较高(整体评价指标GPI排名第4);基于温度和辐射的ELM₅预报精度(GPI排名第6)明显高于Iramk模型和Jensen-Haise模型;仅基于温度的ELM₉预报精度(GPI排名第8)高于Hargreaves-Samani模型.通过模型可移植性分析发现,ELM₇在西北旱区内各训练站点和预测站点组合下预报精度良好.因此,可将ELM₅(输入温度和辐射)、ELM₇(输入温度和风速)和ELM₉(输入温度)作为西北旱区较少气象参数输入情况下精确预报ET₀的推荐模型.     

4种人工智能模型在江西省参考作物蒸散量计算中的适用性

为了实现气象资料缺失下参考作物蒸散量ET₀的高精度预测,以江西南昌、吉安及龙南站1966-2015年每日最高气温T_max、最低气温T_min、日照时数n、相对湿度RH和2 m高风速u₂作为输入参数,以FAO-56 Penman-Monteith(P-M)公式的计算结果作为对照,建立了6种不同气象要素组合条件下的4种ET₀计算模型,并分别与输入相同数据的经验法计算结果进行了比较.结果表明,在3个站点中,多元自适应回归样条法MARS模型的精度最高,且计算简便,可作为江西省蒸散量模拟的推荐方法.当4种模型的输入数据完整时,模拟精度均达到最高,表明4种模型均可适用于对参考作物蒸散量的模拟;输入数据缺失条件下,各气象要素对智能模型模拟ET₀的影响由大到小按参数排序依次为T_max,T_min,n,RH,u₂.与传统经验公式相比,4种智能模型的ET₀计算结果精度均优于输入相同数据的经验法.     

锯齿形螺旋槽干气密封性能的数值模拟

为了研究锯齿形螺旋槽干气密封的性能特性.利用Fluent软件对其气膜流场进行数值模拟,并以开漏比(开启力与泄漏率之比)作为1个性能指标,分析其锯齿形表征角β1和β₂对锯齿形螺旋槽干气密封性能的影响,发现锯齿形螺旋槽干气密封的开漏比主要受角度β₁的影响.选择1组锯齿形表征角β₁=8°,β₂=30°的锯齿形螺旋槽干气密封为基础模型,将其与普通螺旋槽干气密封分别进行数值模拟,并对以上2种槽型相对应的气膜压力分布、开启力、泄漏率、开漏比和刚度等干气密封性能参数进行比较分析,结果表明:锯齿形螺旋槽干气密封具有更小的泄漏率,但开启力也较小,其开漏比大于普通螺旋槽干气密封,在膜厚较大时,具有更大的气膜刚度.     

Evapotranspiration, seed yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated sunflower under full and deficit irrigation conditions

Deficit irrigation occurrence while maintaining acceptable yield represents a useful trait for sunflower production wherever irrigation water is limited. A 2-year experiment (2003–2004) was conducted at Tal Amara Research Station in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon to investigate sunflower response to deficit irrigation. In the plots, irrigation was held at early flowering (stage F1), at mid flowering (stage F3.2) and at early seed formation (stage M0) until physiological maturity. Deficit-irrigated treatments were referred to as WS1, WS2 and WS3, respectively, and were compared to a well-irrigated control (C). Reference evapotranspiration (ET_rye-grass) and crop evapotranspiration (ET_crop) were measured each in a set of two drainage lysimeters of 2 m × 2 m × 1 m size cultivated with rye grass (Lolium perenne) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., cv. Arena). Crop coefficients (K_c) in the different crop growth stages were derived as the ratio (ET_crop/ET_rye-grass).

Lysimeter measured crop evapotranspiration (ET_crop) totaled 765 mm in 2003 and 882 mm in 2004 for total irrigation periods of 139 and 131 days, respectively. Daily ET_crop achieved a peak value of 13.0 mm day⁻¹ at flowering time (stage F3.2; 80–90 days after sowing) when LAI was >6.0 m² m⁻². Then ET_crop declined to 6.0 mm day⁻¹ during seed maturity phase. Average K_c values varied from 0.3 at crop establishment (sowing to four-leaf stage), to 0.9 at late crop development (four-leaf stage to terminal bud), to >1.0 at flowering stage (terminal bud to inflorescence visible), then to values <1.0 at seed maturity phase (head pale to physiological maturity). Measured K_c values were close to those reported by the FAO.

Average across years, seed yield at dry basis on the well-irrigated treatment was 5.36 t ha⁻¹. Deficit irrigation at early (WS1) and mid (WS2) flowering stages reduced seed yield by 25% and 14% (P < 0.05), respectively, in comparison with the control. However, deficit irrigation at early seed formation was found to increase slightly seed yield in WS3 treatment (5.50 t ha⁻¹). We concluded that deficit irrigation at early seed formation (stage M0) increased the fraction of assimilate allocation to the head, compensating thus the lower number of seeds per m² through increased seed weight. In this experiment, while deficit irrigation did not result in any remarkable increase in harvest index (HI), water use efficiency (WUE) was found to vary significantly (P < 0.05) among treatments, where the highest (0.83 kg m⁻³) and the lowest (0.71 kg m⁻³) values were obtained from WS3 and WS1 treatments, respectively. Finally, results indicate that irrigation limitation at early flowering (stage F1) and mid flowering (stage F3.2) should be avoided while it can be acceptable at seed formation (stage M0).     

基于改进Makkink模型的四川盆地参考作物蒸散量估算

为了有效提高四川盆地参考作物蒸散量ET₀的预报精度,选取四川盆地16个代表性气象站点1961-2019年逐日气象数据,基于差分进化算法(DE)对辐射模型的经验参数校准改进Makkink模型并估算四川盆地ET₀,在日、月尺度上对改进的Makkink模型(M1-M6)和Jennsen-Haise(JH)及Irmak(IK)模型评价.结果表明:在日尺度上,改进的Makkink(M1-M6)模型(R²为0.77~0.87)模拟结果比JH和IK模型(R²为0.74~0.76)更精确,改进的Makkink模型中,M4模型估算精度最高,综合性指标GPI中位数为1.05;在月尺度上,改进的Makkink模型模拟结果(误差为3.59~15.71 mm/月)也优于JH和IK模型(误差为6.84~25.31 mm/月),其中M4模型估算精度最佳,综合性指标GPI为1.72.总体而言,推荐以温度和相对湿度作为输入数据的M4模型模拟四川盆地ET₀.     

考虑“蒸发悖论”的洱海灌区逐日参考作物蒸散发预测

【目的】为估算参考作物蒸散发(ET₀)和灌溉实时预报调度、区域农业干旱评估提供依据。【方法】以滇中高原上洱海湖滨灌区的大理气象站为例,探究“蒸发悖论”现象出现的时期,采用气象因子线性回归模型、蒸发皿折算系数K_p模型、气象因子+蒸发皿蒸发(E_pan)多元回归模型、Normal Copula模型等4种方法计算逐日ET₀进行预测对比,并与Penman-Monteith公式计算所得的ET₀进行对比。【结果】①1954—2018年大理站20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量呈下降趋势,ET₀和气温呈上升趋势,但ET₀的上升趋势更平缓;虽然在长时间序列上ET₀和蒸发皿蒸发量有相反的变化趋势,但在年代际存在显著的差异性,1960年和2000全年以及四季均出现“蒸发悖论”,1970年则是全年以及夏、秋、冬三季出现“蒸发悖论”,1990年仅夏季出现“蒸发悖论”,2010年秋季出现“蒸发悖论”。②在未出现“蒸发悖论”时期,加入E_pan后的气象因子多元回归模型法(ET_0,Epan+Metr)所得逐日ET₀预测结果与标准值的误差最小,其次为单纯的气象因子多元线性回归模型法(ET₀,Metr),最差为K_p模型法(ET₀,K_p);加入E_pan后的气象因子多元回归模型(ET₀,ET_0,Epan+Metr)逐日ET₀预测的相对误差(ERR)小于15%、20%、25%的样本数达到了79.18%~90.16%、89.32%~97.23%、94.79%~98.36%。③出现“蒸发悖论”时,蒸发皿蒸发与ET₀的变化趋势相反,只能采用Copula联合分布函数模型预测,构建T-T_max二维Normal Copula模型的精度更高,ERR小于15%、20%、25%的样本数为73.70%~86.56%,82.51%~92.95%,89.89%~98.52%。【结论】通过M-K检验判别是否处于“蒸发悖论”期,以决策选用加入E_pan后的气象因子多元回归模型,还是T-T_max二维Normal Copula模型,二者均可显著提高逐日ET₀预测模拟的精度。     

基于NARX模型的参考作物蒸散发预测

为了实现气象资料缺失情况下参考作物蒸散量(ET₀)精确计算和预测,以攀枝花站点为例,构建非线性自回归滤波器(NARX)模型预测ET₀.以Penman-Monteith模型计算的ET₀作为预测标准,将日最高温、日最低温、日照时数、风速和相对湿度作为模型的输入参数,建立11种不同气象因子组合的NARX模型,并与Hargreaves-Samani模型、Irmak-Allen模型、Makkink模型、Priestley-Taylor模型的计算结果进行比较.结果表明:不同气象因子输入下的NARX模型模拟精度表现出明显的差异.其中,基于全部气象因子的NARX-1模型的RMSE,MAE和MBE分别为0.425 mm/d,0.320 mm/d和0.069 mm/d,NSE为0.920,GPI排名第11,精度最差;而基于风速的NARX-9模型精度最高,其RMSE,MAE和MBE分别为0.285 mm/d,0.237 mm/d和0.019 mm/d,NSE为0.964,GPI排名第1.在输入相同气象参数情况下,基于温度和日照时数的NARX-4模型模拟精度优于Irmak-Allen,Makkink,Priestley-Taylor模型;基于温度的NARX-7模型模拟精度明显高于Hargreaves-Samani模型.因此,可将NARX模型作为四川西南山地缺失较多气象资料情况下计算ET₀的推荐模型,为农田精准灌溉提供科学依据.     

江苏地区不同参考作物蒸发蒸腾量估算模型

为了研究不同参考作物蒸发蒸腾量ET₀估算方法在江苏地区的适用性,收集了江苏省徐州市、高邮市和昆山市1957年1月至2019年12月的气象数据,采用12种不同模型估算了各站点的ET₀,其中模型Priestly-Taylor,Hansen,Jensen-Haise,Makkink是基于辐射数据的模型;MC-Cloud,1985 Hargreaves,Thornthwaite是基于温度数据的;Copais,Valiantzas 1和Valiantzas 2是综合法模型;XGBoost和SVM是机器学习模型.12种ET₀的估算模型计算值分别与Penman-Monteith模型(PM)计算值进行比较,结果表明:各站点的综合评价指数GPI最高的为机器学习模型中的SVM模型;在输入参数相同的情况下,机器学习模型模拟精度优于综合法和温度法以及辐射法中的Pristley-Taylor和Makkink模型;机器学习模型随着输入参数减少,模拟精度依次降低.研究结果可以为江苏地区气象数据不完善时估算ET₀提供科学依据.     

高原地区垂直轴风力机应用分析

青藏高原大部分地区属风能资源可利用区,但风向的多变特性限制了水平轴风力机的应用.从分析青藏高原地区风能资源分布情况及特征入手,依据高原独特的气象条件,采用理论分析方法探讨了空气密度对垂直轴风力机出力特性的影响规律,采用数值模拟方法对比海拔4 000 m处以及标准状态2种空气密度下垂直轴风力机的出力特性,归纳了光照辐射、覆冰、雷击等特殊因素对垂直轴风力机的影响.结果表明:空气密度对风能利用系数影响较小,但对输出功率影响较大.在相同风速条件下,同一垂直轴风力机在海拔4 000 m处(即ρ₁=0.843 7 kg/m³)输出功率约为在ρ₀=1.225 0 kg/m³地区的0.60~0.67倍.最后针对分析结果,提出了风轮改进设计方法及应对环境因素的改善措施.研究结果可对高原环境下垂直轴风力机的推广应用提供参考.     

螺旋槽干气密封端面非平行间隙压力分布的近似解析计算

为了研究变形后螺旋槽干气密封的气膜压力分布情况,基于MUIJDERMAN的螺旋槽窄槽理论,给出了螺旋槽干气密封端面非平行间隙气膜力的1种近似解析计算方法,并结合具体算例,与平行间隙情况进行了对比.结果表明,与平行间隙情况相比,在密封面的区域内存在某一半径R处,变形前后的气膜压力保持不变.当密封端面间形成发散型(“A字形”)间隙时,在r小于R区域,气膜压力降低,而在r大于R区域,气膜压力增大.随着偏转角θ的增大,最小膜厚减小,泄漏量增大;当形成收敛型(“V字形”)间隙时,在r小于R区域,气膜压力增大,而在r大于R区域,气膜压力降低.随着偏转角θ的增大,最小膜厚和泄漏量均先减小而后增大.     

通辽玉米滴灌灌溉制度

为更加合理制定玉米滴灌灌溉制度,以我国“节水增粮行动”为背景, 于2016年在内蒙古通辽开展玉米滴灌灌溉制度试验研究.根据试验区34 a的降雨资料进行降雨频率分析,选取不同水文年型的代表年,结合玉米滴灌试验得到实际耗水规律,对比6种灌溉处理在各生育阶段的变化情况,测定了株高、叶面积指数、玉米产量等指标.结果表明:中水处理作物性状及产量较高,且水分利用效率最高,为最佳灌水处理;以中水处理作为滴灌灌溉制度的参考依据,通过气象数据计算参考蒸发蒸腾量ET₀.利用实际耗水量获取各生育阶段作物系数,结合代表年型的ET₀计算需水量.根据降雨量,得到不同水文年型滴灌灌溉制度:枯水年覆膜滴灌灌溉定额1 575 m³/hm²,无膜滴灌灌溉定额1 785 m³/hm²;平水年覆膜滴灌灌溉定额1 125 m³/hm²,无膜滴灌灌溉定额1 425 m³/hm²;丰水年覆膜滴灌灌溉定额600 m³/hm²,无膜滴灌灌溉定额900 m³/hm².     

An evaluation of common evapotranspiration equations

A comparison is made between the Pruitt and Doorenbos version of an hourly Penman-type equation, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) hourly Penman-Monteith equation, and an independent measure of reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) from lysimeter data. Reducing the canopy resistance improved the hourly FAO Penman-Monteith estimates. Daytime soil heat flux density is estimated as 10% of net radiation in the FAO hourly Penman-Monteith equation; however, the measured soil heat flux density under grass that was never shorter than 0.10 m in this study was between 3% and 5% of net radiation. The daytime totals of hourly ET₀ from the hourly Penman-Monteith and Pruitt-Doorenbos equations and ET₀ from the 24-h FAO Penman-Monteith equation were computed using data from five Italian and five Californian stations. A comparison showed that all of the equations gave acceptable results. The Pruitt-Doorenbos equation may slightly over-estimate ET₀ in conditions of summertime cold air advection. Received: 18 November 1998     

Different indices to characterize water use pattern of micro-sprinkler irrigated onion (Allium cepa L.)

The amount of water used by any crop largely depends on the extent to which the soil water depletion from the root zone is being recharged by appropriate depth of irrigation. To test this hypothesis a field study was carried out in November–March of 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 on a sandy loam (Aeric haplaquept) to quantify the effect of depth of irrigation applied through micro-sprinklers on onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb yield (BY) and water use patterns. Seven irrigation treatments consisted of six amounts of sprinkler applied water relative to compensate crop (K_c) and pan (K_p) coefficient-based predicted evapotranspiration loss from crop field (ET_p) (i) 160% of ET_p (1.6ET_p); (ii) 1.4ET_p; (iii) 1.2ET_p; (iv) 1.0ET_p; (v) 0.8ET_p; (vi) 0.6ET_p; (vii) 40 mm of surface applied water whenever cumulative pan evaporation equals to 33 mm. Water use efficiency (WUE), net evapotranspiration efficiency (WUE_ET) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUE_I) were computed. Marginal water use efficiency (MWUE) and elasticity of water productivity (EWP) of onion were calculated using the relationship between BY and measured actual evapotranspiration (ET_c). Yield increased with increasing sprinkler-applied water from 0.6 to 1.4ET_p. Relative to the yield obtained at 0.6ET_p, yield at 1.0ET_p increased by 23–25% while at 1.4ET_p it was only 3–9% greater than that at 1.0ET_p. In contrast, yield at 1.6ET_p was 9–12% less than that at 1.4ET_p. Maximum WUE (7.21 kg m⁻³) and WUE_ET (13.87 kg m⁻³) were obtained under 1.0ET_p. However, the highest WUE_I (3.83 kg m⁻³) was obtained with 1.2ET_p. The ET_c associated with the highest WUE was 20% less than that required to obtain the highest yields. This study confirmed that critical levels of ET_c needed to obtain maximum BYs, or WUE, could be obtained more precisely from the knowledge of MWUE and EWP.     

异常低水头对水泵水轮机压力脉动的影响

为研究水泵水轮机在异常低水头时的压力脉动特性,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对水泵水轮机运行于低水头的4个工况点进行了非定常数值计算,得到了蜗壳进口、导叶后转轮前、尾水管的锥管上游和肘管内侧4个监测点的压力信号,并与试验结果进行对比.重点考察了导叶开度37 mm、单位流量0.865 m³/s工况点的压力脉动时域和频域特征.研究结果表明:在异常低水头下,Realizable k-ε湍流模型能够精确地模拟大开度时水泵水轮机的压力脉动;蜗壳入口的压力脉动比较紊乱,在机组刚开启阶段脉动值较大,蜗壳进口压力脉动主频为转频19.78 Hz,说明在此工况下水泵水轮机蜗壳进口的压力脉动受到下游转轮转动的影响;导叶与转轮之间无叶区的压力脉动受到转轮与活动导叶之间的动静干涉作用,呈周期性变化且其主频为叶片通过频率;由于尾水管内部流动及涡带的作用,尾水管内的压力脉动为低频脉动,其主频约为0.35倍转频.     

Measuring versus estimating net radiation and soil heat flux: Impact on Penman–Monteith reference ET estimates in semiarid regions

The standardized ASCE Penman–Monteith and FAO-56 equations were used to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) using estimated and measured net radiation (R_n) and soil heat flux (G), based on hourly and daily meteorological data. The estimates were evaluated against lysimeter measurements. The results indicate that using measured or estimated values of R_n and G can have significant effect on the accuracy of the ET₀ estimations, especially when calculations were made on an hourly basis. The FAO-56 version performed very well during the irrigation season on a daily basis. The use of measured R_n and G did not improve ET₀ estimation on a daily basis, therefore, the use of estimated R_n and G appears to be dependable when calculations are based on 24-h weather data. When daily ET₀ was calculated from hourly estimations, the results were different depending on the version used. The ASCE version was more accurate, especially when R_n and G were measured. Therefore, measurement of R_n and G may have potential to improve estimation only when daily ET₀ is calculated from hourly estimations. The PM FAO-56 version was always a little less accurate than the ASCE version. For hourly calculations, using a constant surface resistance (as in FAO-56 version), the PM method underpredicted for high evaporative demand and vice versa. The ASCE version performed better than PM FAO-56 version when R_n and G were measured and estimated. Therefore, ASCE version tended to provide quite accurate values of hourly ET₀, even using estimated values of R_n and G. As conclusion, the methods proposed by FAO-56 for estimating R_n and G tended to produce accurate estimates for daily and hourly ET₀ under semiarid conditions and can be used with some degree of confidence for estimating ET₀. In addition, results suggest that the ASCE standardized equation on an hourly basis improved the accuracy of ET₀ estimation with respect to the FAO-56 version.