十种药剂对草莓白粉病的田间防效

以10种杀菌剂为试材,以百菌清和清水为对照,研究其对草莓白粉病的田间防效及对草莓叶片叶绿素合成、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响,以期为大田草莓白粉病防治提供参考依据。结果表明:不同药剂对草莓白粉病防治效果不同。其中,唑醚·乙嘧酚、吡唑醚菌酯对草莓白粉病防效较好且稳定,在第3次喷药6 d后,防效分别为30.86%、28.22%。通过对草莓叶片生理指标的测定,唑醚·乙嘧酚、吡唑醚菌酯、腈菌唑、四氟·肟菌酯对草莓叶片叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性无抑制作用,均高于清水(CK1)处理。通过对比,说明吡唑醚菌酯、唑醚·乙嘧酚、腈菌唑、四氟·肟菌酯大田防效稳定安全,可用于西昌地区温室栽培草莓白粉病的防治。     

除草剂对巨峰葡萄果实品质的影响

选择10年生巨峰葡萄园,研究了生长季使用除草剂对成熟期葡萄品质的影响。结果表明,使用高浓度乙草胺、乙羧氟草醚和百草枯复合除草剂后,降低了葡萄果实可溶性固形物含量和花青素含量;第2年使用高浓度的乙羧氟草醚单剂,降低了葡萄果实可溶性固形物含量、花青素含量和维生素C含量。表明除草剂的使用降低了巨峰葡萄的果实品质。     

根域限制对‘巨玫瑰’葡萄果实可溶性糖含量及相关代谢酶活性的影响

 以‘巨玫瑰’葡萄（Vitis vinifera L. × V. labrusca L.）为试材,从始熟期开始研究了根域限制栽培对果实可溶性糖积累及相关代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明：‘巨玫瑰’葡萄果实中主要以葡萄糖和果糖积累为主。从始熟期开始果实中的葡萄糖和果糖含量持续增加,与此同时,酸性转化酶（AI）的活性也随果实发育进程而逐步增强。AI活性与果实中含量最多的葡萄糖和果糖含量显著相关。中性转化酶（NI）和蔗糖合成酶（SS）的分解方向的活性只是在始熟期3周后开始增加,且活性低于AI。蔗糖合成酶（SS）的合成方向和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）的活性在始熟期开始后稍有增加,此后保持平稳,且活性远远低于蔗糖分解相关酶AI、NI和SS的分解方向活性。根域限制栽培可以显著提高‘巨玫瑰’果实中可溶性糖的含量、糖积累期间的AI活性和成熟时的NI活性,但对其他酶活性影响不显著。由此推断AI是葡萄果实糖积累的最重要的调节因子,也是根域限制提高果实糖含量的关键代谢酶。     

施氮量对葡萄幼苗叶片蔗糖和淀粉代谢的影响

以1年生"维多利亚"葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.cv.Victoria)幼苗为试材,采用温室盆栽试验,设置4个不同施氮量(按每盆纯氮计)处理(0 mg(CK)、150 mg(T1)、300 mg(T2)和450 mg(T3)),研究了氮肥施用量对葡萄幼苗叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量及其代谢相关酶活性的影响,以期揭示氮肥施用量对主要光合产物积累和代谢的影响。结果表明:施用氮肥能显著提高叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量,显著提高叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶合成方向(SSs)活性,各处理SPS活性大小为T2>T3>T1>CK,其中T2、T3处理显著高于CK、T1处理,施氮量对SSs活性影响不大;蔗糖合成酶降解方向(SSd)活性明显高于SSs活性,蔗糖合成酶净活力表现为降解蔗糖方向。酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)活性随时间均呈上升趋势,施氮能显著提高AI活性。不同量氮处理能显著提高淀粉磷酸化酶(SP)活性,施氮减缓α-淀粉酶(α-amy)活性的上升,T2处理增加β-淀粉酶(β-amy)和总淀粉酶活性。综上所述,施氮能增加葡萄叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量,提高蔗糖和淀粉代谢相关酶活性,促进葡萄幼苗碳水化合物的积累和代谢,其中T2处理效果较优。     

葡萄炭疽病防治药剂筛选试验

采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法在室内条件下测定了8种杀菌剂对葡萄炭疽病病原菌的抑制作用。试验结果表明,咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯、丙环唑、甲基硫菌灵和戊唑醇对葡萄炭疽病病原菌的菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用,EC50分别为0.025 8、0.087 0、0.492 7、0.623 4、1.420 1 mg/L;吡唑醚菌酯、福美双、甲基硫菌灵对葡萄炭疽病病原菌的孢子萌发有很好的抑制作用,EC50分别为1.19×10-6、2.34×10-4、5.94×10-4mg/L。室内测定结果表明,嘧菌酯和福美双1?10混配时有较强的增效作用。田间试验结果表明,55%嘧菌酯.福美双可湿性粉剂1 500倍液涂抹枝条后对葡萄炭疽病的防效达75.78%;25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油3 000倍液喷洒果穗后对葡萄炭疽病的防效达87.62%。     

钾对刺葡萄果实品质及糖分代谢相关酶活性的影响

以5年生刺葡萄为材料，采用基质栽培，研究了不同施钾水平对刺葡萄果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明：与不施钾肥相比，增施钾肥能显著提高刺葡萄果实中可溶性固形物及各糖组分含量，降低果实中酒石酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸含量。其中，施钾量540 g/株处理的可溶性糖含量最高，说明适量施钾有利于促进刺葡萄果实中糖分的积累。同时，施钾显著提高了刺葡萄果实发育早期酸性转化酶和蔗糖合成酶的活性，对中性转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶影响较小，施钾量540 g/株处理各时期代谢酶的活性最强，说明适量施钾提高了刺葡萄果实发育过程中各有关代谢酶活性，促进了果实中果糖和葡萄糖的积累。     

钾肥处理对草莓果实糖积累及相关酶活性的影响

以以色列品种“S3”草莓为试材,研究了不同钾肥处理对草莓蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量及相关代谢酶的影响。结果表明:钾肥的施用可以促进草莓果实蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量的增加,蔗糖是构成草莓可溶性糖的主要成分,果糖和葡萄糖含量基本相当,随着钾肥施用量的增大,施钾量为360kg·hm-2时,可溶性糖含量最高;在花后42d蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性最高,适量钾肥显著提高了草莓发育后期蔗糖合成酶的活性,其活性在草莓果实发育中后期与蔗糖、葡萄糖积累呈显著正相关,在果实发育前期与果糖积累呈负相关;蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)在蔗糖合成积累中起着重要的作用,草莓成熟过程中,SPS活性总体呈上升趋势,与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关;在草莓果实成熟过程中酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)活性变化较大,总体在果实成熟过程中呈先下降后上升的趋势,且与果实中蔗糖含量呈负相关。钾离子对蔗糖代谢的相关酶具有重要的调节作用,适量的钾肥处理提高了蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)活性,从而提高生长期果实中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖积累量。     

设施油桃果实的糖积累与相关酶活性

以设施栽培超红珠油桃为试材,测定了果实发育过程中糖含量及相关代谢酶—酸性转化酶、中性转化酶、蔗糖合成酶及蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性,并对果实中糖分积累及与相关酶活性的关系进行了分析。结果表明:在果实发育早期,糖分积累以还原糖即葡萄糖和果糖为主,果实发育后期,以积累蔗糖为主;糖代谢相关酶的活性变化表现为随果实成熟,蔗糖逐渐积累,酸性转化酶活性下降,蔗糖合成酶分解方向酶活性逐渐增强。蔗糖合成酶合成方向酶活性与蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性变化相似,果实发育前期酶活性逐渐降低,果实发育中后期酶活性逐渐升高,果实近成熟时酶活性升高较快,此时蔗糖迅速积累。     

硒代蛋氨酸对阳光玫瑰葡萄抗氧化水平以及色氨酸代谢的影响

为了探索根施有机硒对葡萄抗氧化水平以及色氨酸代谢的影响,以盆栽阳光玫瑰葡萄为试材,采用1.0 mg/L Se2-(分别来自分析纯硒代蛋氨酸和主要成分为硒代蛋氨酸的富硒酵母)处理扦插苗和幼树,分析有机硒对葡萄根系和叶片谷胱甘肽氧化循环、抗氧化水平以及色氨酸代谢物质和部分酶活性的影响。结果表明,硒代蛋氨酸处理扦插幼苗对根系谷胱甘肽氧化循环有一定的促进作用,而对其抗氧化水平影响不显著。移栽后期发现经过硒代蛋氨酸处理的幼树叶片的谷胱甘肽氧化循环效率得到进一步提高,抗氧化水平也略高于对照,显著降低了色氨酸含量,而显著提高了5-羟色胺含量。后期富硒酵母处理对葡萄叶片和根系的褪黑素合成相关酶活性产生一定的影响,其中叶片5-羟色胺-N-乙酰转移酶(SNAT)和芳香烷基胺-N-乙酰基转移酶(AANAT)活性均高于根系,而N-乙酰-5-羟色胺-O-甲氧基转移酶(ASMT)和咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶(CAMT)活性均低于根系。富硒酵母处理显著降低了叶片和根系的SNAT活性。     

新型杀菌剂嘧菌酯对葡萄霜霉病室内生物活性评价

采用活体盆栽法测定了嘧菌酯对葡萄霜霉病的杀菌活性。结果表明,25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂对葡萄霜霉病的EC50值为2.72 mg/L,对照药剂50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂对葡萄霜霉病的EC50值为19.26 mg/L。说明,25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂对葡萄霜霉病具有很高的杀菌活性,具有广阔的应用前景和开发价值。     

斑翅果蝇对葡萄品种的产卵选择性及葡萄生理指标相关性

斑翅果蝇(Drosophila suzukii)是葡萄的重要害虫之一,为明确斑翅果蝇对不同葡萄品种的产卵选择性及其与葡萄生理指标的相关性,该研究分别测定了斑翅果蝇对3个葡萄品种("绍兴1号""红宝石""紫晶玫瑰")的完整果实和切块果实的产卵选择性,以及各葡萄品种果实的硬度、蛋白质、氨基酸、糖原、可溶性性糖和可溶性固形物的含量,并对各项指数分别进行了相关性分析。结果表明:斑翅果蝇在不同品种的完整葡萄果实中产卵量差异显著,且产卵选择与果实的硬度呈显著负相关。硬度较大的"绍兴1号"和"紫晶玫瑰"葡萄对斑翅果蝇产卵不利,而硬度较小的"红宝石"葡萄利于产卵。同时,斑翅果蝇对不同葡萄品种完整果实的产卵选择趋性与糖原和蛋白质含量呈正相关;不同葡萄品种的氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量与斑翅果蝇对切块果实的产卵选择呈显著负相关。     

Effects of FKBP12.6 gene on intracellular Ca2+ concentration in mouse H9c2 (2-1) myocardial cells transfected by ultrasound-mediated destruction of microbubbles

AIM:To investigate the changes of intracellular calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration in mouse H9c2 (2-1) cells transfected with or without FK506 binding protein 12.6(FKBP12.6) gene by ultrasound mediated destruction of microbubbles. METHODS:The pcDNA3.1-FKBP12.6 plasmid, mingled with albumin-coated microbubbles agents, was transfected into H9c2 (2-1) cells by ultrasound-mediated destruction of microbubbles. The H9c2 (2-1) cell growth state was investigated by inverted microscope. The changes of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration was determined by laser scanning confocal microscope. The FKBP12.6 protein expression was checked by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:As compared with control cells, the H9c2 (2-1) cells, transfected with FKBP12.6 gene, grew better, had higher gross intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. CONCLUSION:FKBP12.6 gene augments Ca²⁺ concentration in mouse H9c2 (2-1) cells, enhances the contractibility of the myocardial cell, which may be helpful to improve the myocardial dysfunction.     

Effects of (+)-2-(1-hydroxyl-4-oxocyclohexyl)ethyl caffeate at different doses on rat arthritis model and whole blood inflammation model

AIM:To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of (+)-2-(1-hydroxyl-4-oxocyclohexyl)ethyl caffeate (HOEC), and to explore the possible causes of non-dose-dependent effects of HOEC on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats using the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic model in rat whole blood. METHODS:The rat CIA model was used to study the treatment with HOEC at 3 doses. The expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) was assayed by immunohistochemical method. The effects of HOEC and its in vivo metabolite caffeic acid (CA) on AA metabolite in rat whole blood were measured by ELISA. RESULTS:HOEC had a therapeutic effect on rat CIA, but the curative effect at low dose and middle dose (1 and 3 mg/kg) was better than that at high dose (10 mg/kg). The expression levels of cPLA₂, 5-LOX and COX-2 in joint tissues were decreased. HOEC inhibited the metabolites of LOX and COX pathways in the rat whole blood AA metabolic model, while the inhibitory effect of CA on these metabolites was weaker than that of HOEC. CONCLUSION:The anti-inflammatory effect of HOEC on rat CIA may be associated with the inhibition of cPLA₂, 5-LOX and COX-2 expression in the joint tissues. The non-dose-dependent therapeutic effect of HOEC on rat CIA may due to the weaker inhibitory activity of CA on AA metabolic model in rat whole blood than that of HOEC.     

等渗Ca(NO_3)_2和NaCl对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

研究了等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl处理对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,在等渗的Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗的干质量、鲜质量和根系活力与对照(不含Ca(NO3)2和NaCl处理)相比明显降低。黄瓜幼苗受害程度随盐浓度的升高和胁迫时间的延长而加重,黄瓜幼苗盐害指数增加。Ca(NO3)2对黄瓜幼苗的伤害大于等渗的NaCl。     

Modification of chilling susceptibility in seedlings of cucumber and zucchini squash by the bioregulator paclobutrazol (PP333)

Application of paclobutrazol at 1, 5 or 10 mg 1^?1 by soil drench inhibited growth and increased chlorophyll content of leaf discs of cucumber and zucchini squash. The treatments also significantly postponed symptoms of chilling injury of seedlings at 5°C. The degree of protection from injury sustained at low temperature increased with increasing duration of the paclobutrazol treatment. Cucumber seedlings were more sensitive to chilling injury and were more responsive to the paclobutrazol treatment than seedlings of zucchini squash.     

Effects of perindopril at different doses on cardiac function and ACE2/Ang-(1-9)/Ang-(1-7) axis of ischemic cardiac dysfunction rabbits

AIM: To investigate the different dose of perindopril on cardiac function in the rabbits with ischemic cardiac dysfunction. METHODS: Male rabbits weighing 2.5~3.0 kg(n=30) were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10):high dose perindopril group(HD group), low dose perindopril group(LD group) and cardiac dysfunction group(CD group). The Left anterior descending coronary artery of the rabbits was ligatured for model preparation. In HD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution(1 g/L)2 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. In LD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution(0.33 g/L)2 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. In CD group, the rabbits were treated with normal saline solution 2 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. Four weeks after treatment, the cardiac function was measured via echocardiography, the mRNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) and angiotensin type 2 receptor(AT2R) was analyzed by real-time PCR, serum angiotensin(Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with CD group, the cardiac function of the 2 groups treated with perindopril was significantly improved(P<0.01), and more improvement in HD group was observed than LD group(P<0.05). The serum angiotensin(Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) level and the mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R in the 2 groups treated with perindopril were significantly improved(P<0.01). Compared with LD group, the mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R and the serum levels of Ang-(1-9) in HD group were significant improved(P<0.05), while no difference of serum Ang-(1-7) level was observed. Correlation analysis revealed that the improvement of the cardiac function was associated with serum Ang-(1-9) level, mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R(P<0.01), but has no significant correlation with serum Ang-(1-7) level. CONCLUSION: High dose of perindopril may improve more cardiac function in ischemic cardiac dysfunction model in rabbits. The mechanism may relate to increasing serum Ang-(1-7) level to activate AT2R.     

硝酸钙胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以温室专用黄瓜品种"津春2号"和"津春4号"为试材,采用营养液水培法,研究了不同浓度Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫对营养液水培黄瓜幼苗生长、膜脂过氧化和有机渗调物质含量的影响,以期为耐盐黄瓜新品种选育及设施黄瓜抗盐栽培提供参考。结果表明:随Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫浓度提高,黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长、叶片数、最大叶长、最大叶宽及植株干质量、鲜质量和含水量均不同程度降低,光合色素和可溶性蛋白质含量呈"增加-降低"的规律,质膜透性、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量显著增加。说明Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫通过渗透胁迫造成了细胞水分亏缺,并通过氧化胁迫破坏了细胞膜结构,严重抑制了黄瓜幼苗的生长,但供试的2个品种对Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫的耐性并没有明显差异。     

Exercise training attenuates hypertension progression via activation of central ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis in prehypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of exercise training on the progression from prehypertension to hypertension, blood pressure regulation and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-angiotensin (Ang) (1-7)-MAS axis activation in cardiovascular centers, and to elucidate the central mechanisms of exercise training postponing hypertension progression. METHODS: The male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; n=20, 5 weeks old) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (n=20) were randomly assigned to sedentary (Sed) group and exercise training (ExT) group. The trained rats run on a treadmill in moderate-intensity for 20 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff method. The baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was assessed by intravenous injection of phenylephrine. The expression of ACE2 and MAS receptor at mRNA and protein levels in baroreflex centers were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Alterations of BRS were evaluated before and after intracerebroventricular injection of MAS receptor agonist Ang (1-7) and its antagonist A779, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with SHR+Sed group, exercise training since prehypertension significantly postponed the development of hypertension, delayed the hypertension progression, and decreased SBP in both SHR and WKY rats (P<0.05). Exercise training enhanced blood pressure regulation and improved the BRS in SHR (P<0.01). The expression of ACE2 and MAS receptor at mRNA and protein levels in the baroreflex centers (rostral ventrolateral medulla, nucleus tract solitarius and paraventricular nucleus) were up-regulated in SHR+ExT group (P<0.05). Central administration of A779 abolished the benefits of exercise-induced improvement of BRS in SHR+ExT group (P<0.01). In contrast, Ang(1-7) improved the BRS in both SHR+Sed group and SHR+ExT group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Exercise training postpones hypertension progression and improves blood pressure regulation, which may be associated with the activation of central ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis.     

等渗Ca(NO_3)_2和NaCl对番茄幼苗生长的影响

等渗Ca(NO3) 2 和NaCl溶液对番茄幼苗具有不同的盐效应。 2 8、 56mmol/LCa(NO3) 2 溶液对其生长的抑制作用小于等渗的NaCl溶液 ,而 84mmol/LCa(NO3) 2 溶液对幼苗生长的抑制程度与等渗的NaCl溶液无显著差异。Ca(NO3) 2 主要通过渗透胁迫影响植株生长 ;而NaCl主要通过离子胁迫抑制植株的生长 ,包括细胞质膜结构的破坏和K吸收的减少。